The sub-index calculation was incorrect when demonstrating how to map a validator in the sync committee to a particular bit in the `aggregation_bits` in the sync committee aggregation scheme. The correct index is given in this commit.
The field name `aggregation_bits` was changed from `aggregate_bits` to reflect the same usage under the attestation scheme. This PR cleans up left-over references to the old field name in the section header and TOC.
* Typing problem fixed: `process_block_header` passes `Bytes32()` to `state_root` of `BeaconBlockHeader`, which type is `Root`
* Typing problem fixed in `initialize_beacon_state_from_eth1`: `len` returns an `int` value, while `deposit_count=uint64` of `Eth1Data` has type `uint64`
* Typing problem fixed in `process_rewards_and_penalties`: `numerator` of type `int` passed to `weight` parameter of `get_flag_index_deltas`, which has type `uint64`
* Typing problem fixed in `process_attestation`; `False` passes as `crosslink_success` parameter of `PendingAttestation`, which has type `boolean`. `False` is an instance of `(python.)bool` and is not an instance of `(ssz.)boolean`
* Typing problem fixed: `shard_data_roots` of `ShardTransition` has type `List[Bytes32]`, but its elements are used as if they were `Root` values, e.g. in `process_chunk_challenge` method: passed to `data_root` of `CustodyChunkChallengeRecord` which has type `Root`
* Typing problem fixed in `process_custody_final_updates`: `index` has type `int`, while `validator_indices_in_records` has type `Set[ValidatorIndex]`, so tesing whether `index in validator_indices_in_records` can be risky, depending on implementation details. `ValidatorIndex(index) in validator_indices_in_records` is a safer variant.
* Typing problem fixed: `slashed` parameter of `pack_compact_validator` has type `(python.)bool`, however in `committee_to_compact_committee` a value of `(ssz.)boolean` is passed as a value of the parameter
* Typing problem fixed: `inactivity_scores` is a `List[uint64,...]`, while it is intialized/appended with values of `(python.)int` type
* fixed according to @protolambda suggestions
* changed types of _WEIGHT constants and appropriate variables/parameters, according to @protolambda suggestions
* revert code formatting back
* Introduced ZERO_ROOT according to @protolambda 's suggestion
* Reverted back to , according to @protolambda comments
