nimbus-eth2/beacon_chain/gossip_processing/eth2_processor.nim

# beacon_chain
# Copyright (c) 2018-2022 Status Research & Development GmbH
# Licensed and distributed under either of
#   * MIT license (license terms in the root directory or at https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
#   * Apache v2 license (license terms in the root directory or at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.

when (NimMajor, NimMinor) < (1, 4):
  {.push raises: [Defect].}
else:
  {.push raises: [].}

import
  std/tables,
  stew/results,
  chronicles, chronos, metrics, taskpools,
  ../spec/[helpers, forks],
  ../spec/datatypes/[altair, phase0, eip4844],
  ../consensus_object_pools/[
    block_clearance, block_quarantine, blockchain_dag, exit_pool, attestation_pool,
    light_client_pool, sync_committee_msg_pool],
  ../validators/validator_pool,
  ../beacon_clock,
  "."/[gossip_validation, block_processor, batch_validation],
  ../nimbus_binary_common

export
  results, taskpools, block_clearance, blockchain_dag, exit_pool, attestation_pool,
  light_client_pool, sync_committee_msg_pool, validator_pool, beacon_clock,
  gossip_validation, block_processor, batch_validation, block_quarantine

logScope: topics = "gossip_eth2"

# Metrics for tracking attestation and beacon block loss
declareCounter beacon_attestations_received,
  "Number of valid unaggregated attestations processed by this node"
declareCounter beacon_attestations_dropped,
  "Number of invalid unaggregated attestations dropped by this node", labels = ["reason"]
declareCounter beacon_aggregates_received,
  "Number of valid aggregated attestations processed by this node"
declareCounter beacon_aggregates_dropped,
  "Number of invalid aggregated attestations dropped by this node", labels = ["reason"]
declareCounter beacon_blocks_received,
  "Number of valid blocks processed by this node"
declareCounter beacon_blocks_dropped,
  "Number of invalid blocks dropped by this node", labels = ["reason"]
declareCounter beacon_attester_slashings_received,
  "Number of valid attester slashings processed by this node"
declareCounter beacon_attester_slashings_dropped,
  "Number of invalid attester slashings dropped by this node", labels = ["reason"]
declareCounter beacon_proposer_slashings_received,
  "Number of valid proposer slashings processed by this node"
declareCounter beacon_proposer_slashings_dropped,
  "Number of invalid proposer slashings dropped by this node", labels = ["reason"]
declareCounter beacon_voluntary_exits_received,
  "Number of valid voluntary exits processed by this node"
declareCounter beacon_voluntary_exits_dropped,
  "Number of invalid voluntary exits dropped by this node", labels = ["reason"]
declareCounter beacon_sync_committee_messages_received,
  "Number of valid sync committee messages processed by this node"
declareCounter beacon_sync_committee_messages_dropped,
  "Number of invalid sync committee messages dropped by this node", labels = ["reason"]
declareCounter beacon_sync_committee_contributions_received,
  "Number of valid sync committee contributions processed by this node"
declareCounter beacon_sync_committee_contributions_dropped,
  "Number of invalid sync committee contributions dropped by this node", labels = ["reason"]

const delayBuckets = [2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 14.0, Inf]

declareHistogram beacon_attestation_delay,
  "Time(s) between slot start and attestation reception", buckets = delayBuckets

declareHistogram beacon_aggregate_delay,
  "Time(s) between slot start and aggregate reception", buckets = delayBuckets

declareHistogram beacon_block_delay,
  "Time(s) between slot start and beacon block reception", buckets = delayBuckets

type
  DoppelgangerProtection = object
    broadcastStartEpoch*: Epoch  ##\
    ## Set anew, each time gossip is re-enabled after syncing completes, so
    ## might reset multiple times per instance. This allows some safe level
    ## of gossip interleaving between nodes so long as they don't gossip at
    ## the same time.

    nodeLaunchSlot*: Slot ##\
    ## Set once, at node launch. This functions as a basic protection against
    ## false positives from attestations persisting within the gossip network
    ## across quick restarts.

  Eth2Processor* = object
    ## The Eth2Processor is the entry point for untrusted message processing -
    ## when we receive messages from various sources, we pass them to the
    ## processor for validation and routing - the messages are generally
    ## validated, and if valid, passed on to the various pools, monitors and
    ## managers to update the state of the application.
    ##
    ## Block processing is special in that part of it is done in the
    ## `BlockProcessor` instead, via a special block processing queue.
    ##
    ## Each validating function generally will do a sanity check on the message
    ## whose purpose is to quickly filter out spam, then will (usually) delegate
    ## full validation to the proper manager - finally, metrics and monitoring
    ## are updated.
    doppelgangerDetectionEnabled*: bool

    # Local sources of truth for validation
    # ----------------------------------------------------------------
    dag*: ChainDAGRef
    attestationPool*: ref AttestationPool
    validatorPool: ref ValidatorPool
    syncCommitteeMsgPool: ref SyncCommitteeMsgPool
    lightClientPool: ref LightClientPool

    doppelgangerDetection*: DoppelgangerProtection

    # Gossip validated -> enqueue for further verification
    # ----------------------------------------------------------------
    blockProcessor*: ref BlockProcessor

    # Validator monitoring
    validatorMonitor: ref ValidatorMonitor

    # Validated with no further verification required
    # ----------------------------------------------------------------
    exitPool: ref ExitPool

    # Almost validated, pending cryptographic signature check
    # ----------------------------------------------------------------
    batchCrypto*: ref BatchCrypto

    # Missing information
    # ----------------------------------------------------------------
    quarantine*: ref Quarantine

    # Application-provided current time provider (to facilitate testing)
    getCurrentBeaconTime*: GetBeaconTimeFn

  ValidationRes* = Result[void, ValidationError]

func toValidationResult*(res: ValidationRes): ValidationResult =
  if res.isOk(): ValidationResult.Accept else: res.error()[0]

# Initialization
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

proc new*(T: type Eth2Processor,
          doppelgangerDetectionEnabled: bool,
          blockProcessor: ref BlockProcessor,
          validatorMonitor: ref ValidatorMonitor,
          dag: ChainDAGRef,
          attestationPool: ref AttestationPool,
          exitPool: ref ExitPool,
          validatorPool: ref ValidatorPool,
          syncCommitteeMsgPool: ref SyncCommitteeMsgPool,
          lightClientPool: ref LightClientPool,
          quarantine: ref Quarantine,
          rng: ref HmacDrbgContext,
          getBeaconTime: GetBeaconTimeFn,
          taskpool: TaskPoolPtr
         ): ref Eth2Processor =
  (ref Eth2Processor)(
    doppelgangerDetectionEnabled: doppelgangerDetectionEnabled,
    doppelgangerDetection: DoppelgangerProtection(
      nodeLaunchSlot: getBeaconTime().slotOrZero,
      broadcastStartEpoch: FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH),
    blockProcessor: blockProcessor,
    validatorMonitor: validatorMonitor,
    dag: dag,
    attestationPool: attestationPool,
    exitPool: exitPool,
    validatorPool: validatorPool,
    syncCommitteeMsgPool: syncCommitteeMsgPool,
    lightClientPool: lightClientPool,
    quarantine: quarantine,
    getCurrentBeaconTime: getBeaconTime,
    batchCrypto: BatchCrypto.new(
      rng = rng,
      # Only run eager attestation signature verification if we're not
      # processing blocks in order to give priority to block processing
      eager = proc(): bool = not blockProcessor[].hasBlocks(),
      taskpool)
  )

# Each validator logs, validates then passes valid data to its destination
# further down the line - in particular, validation should generally not have
# any side effects until the message is fully validated, or invalid messages
# could be used to push out valid messages.

proc processSignedBeaconBlock*(
    self: var Eth2Processor, src: MsgSource,
    signedBlock: ForkySignedBeaconBlock): ValidationRes =
  let
    wallTime = self.getCurrentBeaconTime()
    (afterGenesis, wallSlot) = wallTime.toSlot()

  logScope:
    blockRoot = shortLog(signedBlock.root)
    blck = shortLog(signedBlock.message)
    signature = shortLog(signedBlock.signature)
    wallSlot

  if not afterGenesis:
    notice "Block before genesis"
    return errIgnore("Block before genesis")

  # Potential under/overflows are fine; would just create odd metrics and logs
  let delay = wallTime - signedBlock.message.slot.start_beacon_time

  # Start of block processing - in reality, we have already gone through SSZ
  # decoding at this stage, which may be significant
  debug "Block received", delay

  let v =
    self.dag.validateBeaconBlock(self.quarantine, signedBlock, wallTime, {})

  if v.isOk():
    # Block passed validation - enqueue it for processing. The block processing
    # queue is effectively unbounded as we use a freestanding task to enqueue
    # the block - this is done so that when blocks arrive concurrently with
    # sync, we don't lose the gossip blocks, but also don't block the gossip
    # propagation of seemingly good blocks
    trace "Block validated"

    self.blockProcessor[].addBlock(
      src, ForkedSignedBeaconBlock.init(signedBlock),
      validationDur = nanoseconds(
        (self.getCurrentBeaconTime() - wallTime).nanoseconds))

    # Validator monitor registration for blocks is done by the processor
    beacon_blocks_received.inc()
    beacon_block_delay.observe(delay.toFloatSeconds())
  else:
    debug "Dropping block", error = v.error()

    self.blockProcessor[].dumpInvalidBlock(signedBlock)

    beacon_blocks_dropped.inc(1, [$v.error[0]])

  v

proc processSignedBeaconBlockAndBlobsSidecar*(
  self: var Eth2Processor, src: MsgSource,
  signedBlockAndBlobsSidecar: SignedBeaconBlockAndBlobsSidecar): ValidationRes =
  let
    wallTime = self.getCurrentBeaconTime()
    (afterGenesis, wallSlot) = wallTime.toSlot()

  template signedBlock: auto = signedBlockAndBlobsSidecar.beacon_block

  logScope:
    blockRoot = shortLog(signedBlock.root)
    blck = shortLog(signedBlock.message)
    signature = shortLog(signedBlock.signature)
    wallSlot

  if not afterGenesis:
    notice "Block before genesis"
    return errIgnore("Block before genesis")

  # Potential under/overflows are fine; would just create odd metrics and logs
  let delay = wallTime - signedBlock.message.slot.start_beacon_time

  # Start of block processing - in reality, we have already gone through SSZ
  # decoding at this stage, which may be significant
  debug "Block received", delay

  let blockRes =
    self.dag.validateBeaconBlock(self.quarantine, signedBlock, wallTime, {})
  if blockRes.isErr():
    debug "Dropping block", error = blockRes.error()
    self.blockProcessor[].dumpInvalidBlock(signedBlock)
    beacon_blocks_dropped.inc(1, [$blockRes.error[0]])
    return blockRes

  let sidecarRes =  validateBeaconBlockAndBlobsSidecar(signedBlockAndBlobsSidecar)
  if sidecarRes.isErr():
    debug "Dropping block", error = sidecarRes.error()
    self.blockProcessor[].dumpInvalidBlock(signedBlock)
    beacon_blocks_dropped.inc(1, [$sidecarRes.error[0]])
    return sidecarRes

  # Block passed validation - enqueue it for processing. The block processing
  # queue is effectively unbounded as we use a freestanding task to enqueue
  # the block - this is done so that when blocks arrive concurrently with
  # sync, we don't lose the gossip blocks, but also don't block the gossip
  # propagation of seemingly good blocks
  trace "Block validated"
  self.blockProcessor[].addBlock(
    src, ForkedSignedBeaconBlock.init(signedBlock),
    validationDur = nanoseconds(
        (self.getCurrentBeaconTime() - wallTime).nanoseconds))

  # Validator monitor registration for blocks is done by the processor
  beacon_blocks_received.inc()
  beacon_block_delay.observe(delay.toFloatSeconds())

  sidecarRes

proc setupDoppelgangerDetection*(self: var Eth2Processor, slot: Slot) =
  # When another client's already running, this is very likely to detect
  # potential duplicate validators, which can trigger slashing.
  #
  # Every missed attestation costs approximately 3*get_base_reward(), which
  # can be up to around 10,000 Wei. Thus, skipping attestations isn't cheap
  # and one should gauge the likelihood of this simultaneous launch to tune
  # the epoch delay to one's perceived risk.

  # Round up to ensure that we cover the entire epoch - used by rest api also
  self.doppelgangerDetection.broadcastStartEpoch =
    (slot + SLOTS_PER_EPOCH - 1).epoch

  if self.doppelgangerDetectionEnabled:
    notice "Setting up doppelganger detection",
      epoch = slot.epoch,
      broadcast_epoch = self.doppelgangerDetection.broadcastStartEpoch,
      nodestart_epoch = self.doppelgangerDetection.nodeLaunchSlot.epoch()

proc clearDoppelgangerProtection*(self: var Eth2Processor) =
  self.doppelgangerDetection.broadcastStartEpoch = FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH

proc checkForPotentialDoppelganger(
    self: var Eth2Processor, attestation: Attestation,
    attesterIndices: openArray[ValidatorIndex]) =
  # Only check for attestations after node launch. There might be one slot of
  # overlap in quick intra-slot restarts so trade off a few true negatives in
  # the service of avoiding more likely false positives.
  if not self.doppelgangerDetectionEnabled:
    return

  if attestation.data.slot <= self.doppelgangerDetection.nodeLaunchSlot + 1:
    return

  let broadcastStartEpoch = self.doppelgangerDetection.broadcastStartEpoch

  for validatorIndex in attesterIndices:
    let
      validatorPubkey = self.dag.validatorKey(validatorIndex).get().toPubKey()
      validator = self.validatorPool[].getValidator(validatorPubkey)

    if not(isNil(validator)):
      if validator.triggersDoppelganger(broadcastStartEpoch):
        warn "Doppelganger attestation",
          validator = shortLog(validator),
          validator_index = validatorIndex,
          activation_epoch = validator.activationEpoch,
          broadcast_epoch = broadcastStartEpoch,
          attestation = shortLog(attestation)
        quitDoppelganger()

proc processAttestation*(
    self: ref Eth2Processor, src: MsgSource,
    attestation: Attestation, subnet_id: SubnetId,
    checkSignature: bool = true): Future[ValidationRes] {.async.} =
  var wallTime = self.getCurrentBeaconTime()
  let (afterGenesis, wallSlot) = wallTime.toSlot()

  logScope:
    attestation = shortLog(attestation)
    subnet_id
    wallSlot

  if not afterGenesis:
    notice "Attestation before genesis"
    return errIgnore("Attestation before genesis")

  # Potential under/overflows are fine; would just create odd metrics and logs
  let delay = wallTime - attestation.data.slot.start_beacon_time
  debug "Attestation received", delay

  # Now proceed to validation
  let v =
    await self.attestationPool.validateAttestation(
      self.batchCrypto, attestation, wallTime, subnet_id, checkSignature)
  return if v.isOk():
    # Due to async validation the wallTime here might have changed
    wallTime = self.getCurrentBeaconTime()

    let (attester_index, sig) = v.get()

    self[].checkForPotentialDoppelganger(attestation, [attester_index])

    trace "Attestation validated"
    self.attestationPool[].addAttestation(
      attestation, [attester_index], sig, wallTime)

    self.validatorMonitor[].registerAttestation(
      src, wallTime, attestation, attester_index)

    beacon_attestations_received.inc()
    beacon_attestation_delay.observe(delay.toFloatSeconds())

    ok()
  else:
    debug "Dropping attestation", validationError = v.error
    beacon_attestations_dropped.inc(1, [$v.error[0]])
    err(v.error())

proc processSignedAggregateAndProof*(
    self: ref Eth2Processor, src: MsgSource,
    signedAggregateAndProof: SignedAggregateAndProof,
    checkSignature = true, checkCover = true): Future[ValidationRes] {.async.} =
  var wallTime = self.getCurrentBeaconTime()
  let (afterGenesis, wallSlot) = wallTime.toSlot()

  logScope:
    aggregate = shortLog(signedAggregateAndProof.message.aggregate)
    aggregator_index = signedAggregateAndProof.message.aggregator_index
    selection_proof = shortLog(signedAggregateAndProof.message.selection_proof)
    signature = shortLog(signedAggregateAndProof.signature)
    wallSlot

  if not afterGenesis:
    notice "Aggregate before genesis"
    return errIgnore("Aggregate before genesis")

  # Potential under/overflows are fine; would just create odd logs
  let delay =
    wallTime - signedAggregateAndProof.message.aggregate.data.slot.start_beacon_time
  debug "Aggregate received", delay

  let v =
    await self.attestationPool.validateAggregate(
      self.batchCrypto, signedAggregateAndProof, wallTime,
      checkSignature = checkSignature, checkCover = checkCover)

  return if v.isOk():
    # Due to async validation the wallTime here might have changed
    wallTime = self.getCurrentBeaconTime()

    let (attesting_indices, sig) = v.get()

    self[].checkForPotentialDoppelganger(
      signedAggregateAndProof.message.aggregate, attesting_indices)

    trace "Aggregate validated"

    self.attestationPool[].addAttestation(
      signedAggregateAndProof.message.aggregate, attesting_indices, sig,
      wallTime)

    self.validatorMonitor[].registerAggregate(
      src, wallTime, signedAggregateAndProof.message, attesting_indices)

    beacon_aggregates_received.inc()
    beacon_aggregate_delay.observe(delay.toFloatSeconds())

    ok()
  else:
    debug "Dropping aggregate", error = v.error
    beacon_aggregates_dropped.inc(1, [$v.error[0]])

    err(v.error())

proc processAttesterSlashing*(
    self: var Eth2Processor, src: MsgSource,
    attesterSlashing: AttesterSlashing): ValidationRes =
  logScope:
    attesterSlashing = shortLog(attesterSlashing)

  debug "Attester slashing received"

  let v = self.exitPool[].validateAttesterSlashing(attesterSlashing)

  if v.isOk():
    trace "Attester slashing validated"

    self.exitPool[].addMessage(attesterSlashing)

    self.validatorMonitor[].registerAttesterSlashing(src, attesterSlashing)

    beacon_attester_slashings_received.inc()
  else:
    debug "Dropping attester slashing", validationError = v.error
    beacon_attester_slashings_dropped.inc(1, [$v.error[0]])

  v

proc processProposerSlashing*(
    self: var Eth2Processor, src: MsgSource,
    proposerSlashing: ProposerSlashing): Result[void, ValidationError] =
  logScope:
    proposerSlashing = shortLog(proposerSlashing)

  debug "Proposer slashing received"

  let v = self.exitPool[].validateProposerSlashing(proposerSlashing)
  if v.isOk():
    trace "Proposer slashing validated"

    self.exitPool[].addMessage(proposerSlashing)

    self.validatorMonitor[].registerProposerSlashing(src, proposerSlashing)

    beacon_proposer_slashings_received.inc()
  else:
    debug "Dropping proposer slashing", validationError = v.error
    beacon_proposer_slashings_dropped.inc(1, [$v.error[0]])

  v

proc processSignedVoluntaryExit*(
    self: var Eth2Processor, src: MsgSource,
    signedVoluntaryExit: SignedVoluntaryExit): Result[void, ValidationError] =
  logScope:
    signedVoluntaryExit = shortLog(signedVoluntaryExit)

  debug "Voluntary exit received"

  let v = self.exitPool[].validateVoluntaryExit(signedVoluntaryExit)
  if v.isOk():
    trace "Voluntary exit validated"

    self.exitPool[].addMessage(signedVoluntaryExit)

    self.validatorMonitor[].registerVoluntaryExit(
      src, signedVoluntaryExit.message)

    beacon_voluntary_exits_received.inc()
  else:
    debug "Dropping voluntary exit", error = v.error
    beacon_voluntary_exits_dropped.inc(1, [$v.error[0]])

  v

proc processSyncCommitteeMessage*(
    self: ref Eth2Processor, src: MsgSource,
    syncCommitteeMsg: SyncCommitteeMessage,
    subcommitteeIdx: SyncSubcommitteeIndex,
    checkSignature: bool = true): Future[Result[void, ValidationError]] {.async.} =
  let
    wallTime = self.getCurrentBeaconTime()
    wallSlot = wallTime.slotOrZero()

  logScope:
    syncCommitteeMsg = shortLog(syncCommitteeMsg)
    subcommitteeIdx
    wallSlot

  # Potential under/overflows are fine; would just create odd metrics and logs
  let delay = wallTime - syncCommitteeMsg.slot.start_beacon_time
  debug "Sync committee message received", delay

  # Now proceed to validation
  let v = await validateSyncCommitteeMessage(
    self.dag, self.batchCrypto, self.syncCommitteeMsgPool,
    syncCommitteeMsg, subcommitteeIdx, wallTime, checkSignature)
  return if v.isOk():
    trace "Sync committee message validated"
    let (positions, cookedSig) = v.get()

    self.syncCommitteeMsgPool[].addSyncCommitteeMessage(
      syncCommitteeMsg.slot,
      syncCommitteeMsg.beacon_block_root,
      syncCommitteeMsg.validator_index,
      cookedSig,
      subcommitteeIdx,
      positions)

    self.validatorMonitor[].registerSyncCommitteeMessage(
      src, wallTime, syncCommitteeMsg)

    beacon_sync_committee_messages_received.inc()

    ok()
  else:
    debug "Dropping sync committee message", error = v.error
    beacon_sync_committee_messages_dropped.inc(1, [$v.error[0]])
    err(v.error())

proc processSignedContributionAndProof*(
    self: ref Eth2Processor, src: MsgSource,
    contributionAndProof: SignedContributionAndProof,
    checkSignature: bool = true): Future[Result[void, ValidationError]] {.async.} =
  let
    wallTime = self.getCurrentBeaconTime()
    wallSlot = wallTime.slotOrZero()

  logScope:
    contribution = shortLog(contributionAndProof.message.contribution)
    signature = shortLog(contributionAndProof.signature)
    aggregator_index = contributionAndProof.message.aggregator_index
    selection_proof = contributionAndProof.message.selection_proof
    wallSlot

  # Potential under/overflows are fine; would just create odd metrics and logs
  let delay = wallTime - contributionAndProof.message.contribution.slot.start_beacon_time
  debug "Contribution received", delay

  # Now proceed to validation
  let v = await validateContribution(
    self.dag, self.batchCrypto, self.syncCommitteeMsgPool,
    contributionAndProof, wallTime, checkSignature)

  return if v.isOk():
    trace "Contribution validated"
    let addStatus = self.syncCommitteeMsgPool[].addContribution(
      contributionAndProof, v.get()[0])

    self.validatorMonitor[].registerSyncContribution(
      src, wallTime, contributionAndProof.message, v.get()[1])

    beacon_sync_committee_contributions_received.inc()

    case addStatus
    of newBest, notBestButNotSubsetOfBest: ok()
    of strictSubsetOfTheBest:
      # This implements the spec directive:
      #
      # _[IGNORE]_ A valid sync committee contribution with equal `slot`, `beacon_block_root`
      # and `subcommittee_index` whose `aggregation_bits` is non-strict superset has _not_
      # already been seen.
      #
      # We are implementing this here, because this may be an unique contribution, so we would
      # like for it to be counted and registered by the validator monitor above.
      errIgnore("strict superset already seen")
  else:
    debug "Dropping contribution", error = v.error
    beacon_sync_committee_contributions_dropped.inc(1, [$v.error[0]])

    err(v.error())

# https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/v1.3.0-alpha.0/specs/altair/light-client/sync-protocol.md#process_light_client_finality_update
proc processLightClientFinalityUpdate*(
    self: var Eth2Processor, src: MsgSource,
    finality_update: altair.LightClientFinalityUpdate
): Result[void, ValidationError] =
  let
    wallTime = self.getCurrentBeaconTime()
    v = validateLightClientFinalityUpdate(
      self.lightClientPool[], self.dag, finality_update, wallTime)
  v

# https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/v1.3.0-alpha.0/specs/altair/light-client/sync-protocol.md#process_light_client_optimistic_update
proc processLightClientOptimisticUpdate*(
    self: var Eth2Processor, src: MsgSource,
    optimistic_update: altair.LightClientOptimisticUpdate
): Result[void, ValidationError] =
  let
    wallTime = self.getCurrentBeaconTime()
    v = validateLightClientOptimisticUpdate(
      self.lightClientPool[], self.dag, optimistic_update, wallTime)
  v