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eth2.0-specs/specs/deneb/beacon-chain.md

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# Deneb -- The Beacon Chain
**Notice**: This document is a work-in-progress for researchers and implementers.
## Table of contents
<!-- TOC -->
<!-- START doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
<!-- DON'T EDIT THIS SECTION, INSTEAD RE-RUN doctoc TO UPDATE -->
- [Introduction](#introduction)
- [Custom types](#custom-types)
- [Constants](#constants)
- [Domain types](#domain-types)
- [Blob](#blob)
- [Preset](#preset)
- [Execution](#execution)
- [Configuration](#configuration)
- [Containers](#containers)
- [Extended containers](#extended-containers)
- [`BeaconBlockBody`](#beaconblockbody)
- [`ExecutionPayload`](#executionpayload)
- [`ExecutionPayloadHeader`](#executionpayloadheader)
- [Helper functions](#helper-functions)
- [Misc](#misc)
- [`kzg_commitment_to_versioned_hash`](#kzg_commitment_to_versioned_hash)
- [Beacon chain state transition function](#beacon-chain-state-transition-function)
- [Execution engine](#execution-engine)
- [Request data](#request-data)
- [Modified `NewPayloadRequest`](#modified-newpayloadrequest)
- [Engine APIs](#engine-apis)
- [`is_valid_versioned_hashes`](#is_valid_versioned_hashes)
- [Modified `verify_and_notify_new_payload`](#modified-verify_and_notify_new_payload)
- [Block processing](#block-processing)
- [Execution payload](#execution-payload)
- [`process_execution_payload`](#process_execution_payload)
- [Testing](#testing)
<!-- END doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
<!-- /TOC -->
## Introduction
This upgrade adds blobs to the beacon chain as part of Deneb. This is an extension of the Capella upgrade.
The blob transactions are packed into the execution payload by the EL/builder with their corresponding blobs being independently transmitted and are limited by `MAX_DATA_GAS_PER_BLOCK // DATA_GAS_PER_BLOB`. However the CL limit is independently defined by `MAX_BLOBS_PER_BLOCK`.
## Custom types
| Name | SSZ equivalent | Description |
| - | - | - |
| `VersionedHash` | `Bytes32` | |
| `BlobIndex` | `uint64` | |
## Constants
### Domain types
| Name | Value |
| - | - |
| `DOMAIN_BLOB_SIDECAR` | `DomainType('0x0B000000')` |
### Blob
| Name | Value |
| - | - |
| `BLOB_TX_TYPE` | `uint8(0x03)` |
| `VERSIONED_HASH_VERSION_KZG` | `Bytes1('0x01')` |
## Preset
### Execution
| Name | Value | Description |
| - | - | - |
| `MAX_BLOB_COMMITMENTS_PER_BLOCK` | `uint64(2**12)` (= 4096) | hardfork independent fixed theoretical limit same as `LIMIT_BLOBS_PER_TX` (see EIP 4844) |
| `MAX_BLOBS_PER_BLOCK` | `uint64(2**2)` (= 4) | Maximum number of blobs in a single block limited by `MAX_BLOB_COMMITMENTS_PER_BLOCK` |
## Configuration
## Containers
### Extended containers
#### `BeaconBlockBody`
Note: `BeaconBlock` and `SignedBeaconBlock` types are updated indirectly.
```python
class BeaconBlockBody(Container):
randao_reveal: BLSSignature
eth1_data: Eth1Data # Eth1 data vote
graffiti: Bytes32 # Arbitrary data
# Operations
proposer_slashings: List[ProposerSlashing, MAX_PROPOSER_SLASHINGS]
attester_slashings: List[AttesterSlashing, MAX_ATTESTER_SLASHINGS]
attestations: List[Attestation, MAX_ATTESTATIONS]
deposits: List[Deposit, MAX_DEPOSITS]
voluntary_exits: List[SignedVoluntaryExit, MAX_VOLUNTARY_EXITS]
sync_aggregate: SyncAggregate
# Execution
execution_payload: ExecutionPayload # [Modified in Deneb]
bls_to_execution_changes: List[SignedBLSToExecutionChange, MAX_BLS_TO_EXECUTION_CHANGES]
blob_kzg_commitments: List[KZGCommitment, MAX_BLOB_COMMITMENTS_PER_BLOCK] # [New in Deneb]
```
#### `ExecutionPayload`
```python
class ExecutionPayload(Container):
# Execution block header fields
parent_hash: Hash32
fee_recipient: ExecutionAddress # 'beneficiary' in the yellow paper
state_root: Bytes32
receipts_root: Bytes32
logs_bloom: ByteVector[BYTES_PER_LOGS_BLOOM]
prev_randao: Bytes32 # 'difficulty' in the yellow paper
block_number: uint64 # 'number' in the yellow paper
gas_limit: uint64
gas_used: uint64
timestamp: uint64
extra_data: ByteList[MAX_EXTRA_DATA_BYTES]
base_fee_per_gas: uint256
# Extra payload fields
block_hash: Hash32 # Hash of execution block
transactions: List[Transaction, MAX_TRANSACTIONS_PER_PAYLOAD]
withdrawals: List[Withdrawal, MAX_WITHDRAWALS_PER_PAYLOAD]
data_gas_used: uint64 # [New in Deneb]
excess_data_gas: uint64 # [New in Deneb]
```
#### `ExecutionPayloadHeader`
```python
class ExecutionPayloadHeader(Container):
# Execution block header fields
parent_hash: Hash32
fee_recipient: ExecutionAddress
state_root: Bytes32
receipts_root: Bytes32
logs_bloom: ByteVector[BYTES_PER_LOGS_BLOOM]
prev_randao: Bytes32
block_number: uint64
gas_limit: uint64
gas_used: uint64
timestamp: uint64
extra_data: ByteList[MAX_EXTRA_DATA_BYTES]
base_fee_per_gas: uint256
# Extra payload fields
block_hash: Hash32 # Hash of execution block
transactions_root: Root
withdrawals_root: Root
data_gas_used: uint64 # [New in Deneb]
excess_data_gas: uint64 # [New in Deneb]
```
## Helper functions
### Misc
#### `kzg_commitment_to_versioned_hash`
```python
def kzg_commitment_to_versioned_hash(kzg_commitment: KZGCommitment) -> VersionedHash:
return VERSIONED_HASH_VERSION_KZG + hash(kzg_commitment)[1:]
```
## Beacon chain state transition function
### Execution engine
#### Request data
##### Modified `NewPayloadRequest`
```python
@dataclass
class NewPayloadRequest(object):
execution_payload: ExecutionPayload
versioned_hashes: Sequence[VersionedHash]
```
#### Engine APIs
##### `is_valid_versioned_hashes`
```python
def is_valid_versioned_hashes(self: ExecutionEngine, new_payload_request: NewPayloadRequest) -> bool:
"""
Return ``True`` if and only if the version hashes computed by the blob transactions of
``new_payload_request.execution_payload`` matches ``new_payload_request.version_hashes``.
"""
...
```
##### Modified `verify_and_notify_new_payload`
```python
def verify_and_notify_new_payload(self: ExecutionEngine,
new_payload_request: NewPayloadRequest) -> bool:
"""
Return ``True`` if and only if ``new_payload_request`` is valid with respect to ``self.execution_state``.
"""
if not self.is_valid_block_hash(new_payload_request.execution_payload):
return False
# [New in Deneb]
if not self.is_valid_versioned_hashes(new_payload_request):
return False
if not self.notify_new_payload(new_payload_request.execution_payload):
return False
return True
```
### Block processing
#### Execution payload
##### `process_execution_payload`
```python
def process_execution_payload(state: BeaconState, body: BeaconBlockBody, execution_engine: ExecutionEngine) -> None:
payload = body.execution_payload
# Verify consistency of the parent hash with respect to the previous execution payload header
assert payload.parent_hash == state.latest_execution_payload_header.block_hash
# Verify prev_randao
assert payload.prev_randao == get_randao_mix(state, get_current_epoch(state))
# Verify timestamp
assert payload.timestamp == compute_timestamp_at_slot(state, state.slot)
# [New in Deneb] Verify commitments are under limit
assert len(body.blob_kzg_commitments) <= MAX_BLOBS_PER_BLOCK
# Verify the execution payload is valid
# [Modified in Deneb] Pass `versioned_hashes` to Execution Engine
versioned_hashes = [kzg_commitment_to_versioned_hash(commitment) for commitment in body.blob_kzg_commitments]
assert execution_engine.verify_and_notify_new_payload(
NewPayloadRequest(execution_payload=payload, versioned_hashes=versioned_hashes)
)
# Cache execution payload header
state.latest_execution_payload_header = ExecutionPayloadHeader(
parent_hash=payload.parent_hash,
fee_recipient=payload.fee_recipient,
state_root=payload.state_root,
receipts_root=payload.receipts_root,
logs_bloom=payload.logs_bloom,
prev_randao=payload.prev_randao,
block_number=payload.block_number,
gas_limit=payload.gas_limit,
gas_used=payload.gas_used,
timestamp=payload.timestamp,
extra_data=payload.extra_data,
base_fee_per_gas=payload.base_fee_per_gas,
block_hash=payload.block_hash,
transactions_root=hash_tree_root(payload.transactions),
withdrawals_root=hash_tree_root(payload.withdrawals),
data_gas_used=payload.data_gas_used, # [New in Deneb]
excess_data_gas=payload.excess_data_gas, # [New in Deneb]
)
```
## Testing
*Note*: The function `initialize_beacon_state_from_eth1` is modified for pure Deneb testing only.
The `BeaconState` initialization is unchanged, except for the use of the updated `deneb.BeaconBlockBody` type
when initializing the first body-root.
```python
def initialize_beacon_state_from_eth1(eth1_block_hash: Hash32,
eth1_timestamp: uint64,
deposits: Sequence[Deposit],
execution_payload_header: ExecutionPayloadHeader=ExecutionPayloadHeader()
) -> BeaconState:
fork = Fork(
previous_version=DENEB_FORK_VERSION, # [Modified in Deneb] for testing only
current_version=DENEB_FORK_VERSION, # [Modified in Deneb]
epoch=GENESIS_EPOCH,
)
state = BeaconState(
genesis_time=eth1_timestamp + GENESIS_DELAY,
fork=fork,
eth1_data=Eth1Data(block_hash=eth1_block_hash, deposit_count=uint64(len(deposits))),
latest_block_header=BeaconBlockHeader(body_root=hash_tree_root(BeaconBlockBody())),
randao_mixes=[eth1_block_hash] * EPOCHS_PER_HISTORICAL_VECTOR, # Seed RANDAO with Eth1 entropy
)
# Process deposits
leaves = list(map(lambda deposit: deposit.data, deposits))
for index, deposit in enumerate(deposits):
deposit_data_list = List[DepositData, 2**DEPOSIT_CONTRACT_TREE_DEPTH](*leaves[:index + 1])
state.eth1_data.deposit_root = hash_tree_root(deposit_data_list)
process_deposit(state, deposit)
# Process activations
for index, validator in enumerate(state.validators):
balance = state.balances[index]
validator.effective_balance = min(balance - balance % EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT, MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE)
if validator.effective_balance == MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE:
validator.activation_eligibility_epoch = GENESIS_EPOCH
validator.activation_epoch = GENESIS_EPOCH
# Set genesis validators root for domain separation and chain versioning
state.genesis_validators_root = hash_tree_root(state.validators)
# Fill in sync committees
# Note: A duplicate committee is assigned for the current and next committee at genesis
state.current_sync_committee = get_next_sync_committee(state)
state.next_sync_committee = get_next_sync_committee(state)
# Initialize the execution payload header
# If empty, will initialize a chain that has not yet gone through the Merge transition
state.latest_execution_payload_header = execution_payload_header
return state
```
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