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Electra -- The Beacon Chain

Notice: This document is a work-in-progress for researchers and implementers.

Table of contents

Introduction

Electra is a consensus-layer upgrade containing a number of features. Including:

  • EIP-6110: Supply validator deposits on chain
  • EIP-7002: Execution layer triggerable exits
  • EIP-7251: Increase the MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE
  • EIP-7549: Move committee index outside Attestation

Note: This specification is built upon Deneb and is under active development.

Constants

The following values are (non-configurable) constants used throughout the specification.

Misc

Name Value Description
UNSET_DEPOSIT_RECEIPTS_START_INDEX uint64(2**64 - 1) [New in Electra:EIP6110]
FULL_EXIT_REQUEST_AMOUNT uint64(0) [New in Electra:EIP7002]

Withdrawal prefixes

Name Value
BLS_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX Bytes1('0x00')
ETH1_ADDRESS_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX Bytes1('0x01')
COMPOUNDING_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX Bytes1('0x02')

Domains

Name Value
DOMAIN_CONSOLIDATION DomainType('0x0B000000')

Preset

Gwei values

Name Value
MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE Gwei(2**5 * 10**9) (= 32,000,000,000)
MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_ELECTRA Gwei(2**11 * 10**9) (= 2048,000,000,000)

Rewards and penalties

Name Value
MIN_SLASHING_PENALTY_QUOTIENT_ELECTRA uint64(2**12) (= 4,096)
WHISTLEBLOWER_REWARD_QUOTIENT_ELECTRA uint64(2**12) (= 4,096)

State list lengths

Name Value Unit
PENDING_BALANCE_DEPOSITS_LIMIT uint64(2**27) (= 134,217,728) pending balance deposits
PENDING_PARTIAL_WITHDRAWALS_LIMIT uint64(2**27) (= 134,217,728) pending partial withdrawals
PENDING_CONSOLIDATIONS_LIMIT uint64(2**18) (= 262,144) pending consolidations

Max operations per block

Name Value
MAX_CONSOLIDATIONS uint64(1)

Execution

Name Value Description
MAX_DEPOSIT_RECEIPTS_PER_PAYLOAD uint64(2**13) (= 8,192) [New in Electra:EIP6110] Maximum number of deposit receipts allowed in each payload
MAX_ATTESTER_SLASHINGS_ELECTRA 2**0 (= 1) [New in Electra:EIP7549]
MAX_ATTESTATIONS_ELECTRA 2**3 (= 8) [New in Electra:EIP7549]
MAX_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_PAYLOAD uint64(2**4) (= 16) [New in Electra:EIP7002] Maximum number of execution layer withdrawal requests in each payload

Withdrawals processing

Name Value Description
MAX_PENDING_PARTIALS_PER_WITHDRAWALS_SWEEP uint64(2**3) (= 8) [New in Electra:EIP7002] Maximum number of pending partial withdrawals to process per payload

Configuration

Validator cycle

Name Value
MIN_PER_EPOCH_CHURN_LIMIT_ELECTRA Gwei(2**7 * 10**9) (= 128,000,000,000)
MAX_PER_EPOCH_ACTIVATION_EXIT_CHURN_LIMIT Gwei(2**8 * 10**9) (= 256,000,000,000)

Containers

New containers

DepositReceipt

Note: The container is new in EIP6110.

class DepositReceipt(Container):
    pubkey: BLSPubkey
    withdrawal_credentials: Bytes32
    amount: Gwei
    signature: BLSSignature
    index: uint64

PendingBalanceDeposit

Note: The container is new in EIP7251.

class PendingBalanceDeposit(Container):
    index: ValidatorIndex
    amount: Gwei

PendingPartialWithdrawal

Note: The container is new in EIP7251.

class PendingPartialWithdrawal(Container):
    index: ValidatorIndex
    amount: Gwei
    withdrawable_epoch: Epoch

ExecutionLayerWithdrawalRequest

Note: The container is new in EIP7251:EIP7002.

class ExecutionLayerWithdrawalRequest(Container):
    source_address: ExecutionAddress
    validator_pubkey: BLSPubkey
    amount: Gwei

Consolidation

Note: The container is new in EIP7251.

class Consolidation(Container):
    source_index: ValidatorIndex
    target_index: ValidatorIndex
    epoch: Epoch

SignedConsolidation

Note: The container is new in EIP7251.

class SignedConsolidation(Container):
    message: Consolidation
    signature: BLSSignature

PendingConsolidation

Note: The container is new in EIP7251.

class PendingConsolidation(Container):
    source_index: ValidatorIndex
    target_index: ValidatorIndex

Modified Containers

AttesterSlashing

class AttesterSlashing(Container):
    attestation_1: IndexedAttestation  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7549]
    attestation_2: IndexedAttestation  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7549]

Extended Containers

Attestation

class Attestation(Container):
    aggregation_bits: Bitlist[MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE * MAX_COMMITTEES_PER_SLOT]  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7549]
    data: AttestationData
    committee_bits: Bitvector[MAX_COMMITTEES_PER_SLOT]  # [New in Electra:EIP7549]
    signature: BLSSignature

IndexedAttestation

class IndexedAttestation(Container):
    # [Modified in Electra:EIP7549]
    attesting_indices: List[ValidatorIndex, MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE * MAX_COMMITTEES_PER_SLOT]
    data: AttestationData
    signature: BLSSignature

BeaconBlockBody

class BeaconBlockBody(Container):
    randao_reveal: BLSSignature
    eth1_data: Eth1Data  # Eth1 data vote
    graffiti: Bytes32  # Arbitrary data
    # Operations
    proposer_slashings: List[ProposerSlashing, MAX_PROPOSER_SLASHINGS]
    attester_slashings: List[AttesterSlashing, MAX_ATTESTER_SLASHINGS_ELECTRA]  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7549]
    attestations: List[Attestation, MAX_ATTESTATIONS_ELECTRA]  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7549]
    deposits: List[Deposit, MAX_DEPOSITS]
    voluntary_exits: List[SignedVoluntaryExit, MAX_VOLUNTARY_EXITS]
    sync_aggregate: SyncAggregate
    # Execution
    execution_payload: ExecutionPayload  # [Modified in Electra:EIP6110:EIP7002]
    bls_to_execution_changes: List[SignedBLSToExecutionChange, MAX_BLS_TO_EXECUTION_CHANGES]
    blob_kzg_commitments: List[KZGCommitment, MAX_BLOB_COMMITMENTS_PER_BLOCK]
    consolidations: List[SignedConsolidation, MAX_CONSOLIDATIONS]  # [New in Electra:EIP7251]

ExecutionPayload

class ExecutionPayload(Container):
    # Execution block header fields
    parent_hash: Hash32
    fee_recipient: ExecutionAddress
    state_root: Bytes32
    receipts_root: Bytes32
    logs_bloom: ByteVector[BYTES_PER_LOGS_BLOOM]
    prev_randao: Bytes32
    block_number: uint64
    gas_limit: uint64
    gas_used: uint64
    timestamp: uint64
    extra_data: ByteList[MAX_EXTRA_DATA_BYTES]
    base_fee_per_gas: uint256
    # Extra payload fields
    block_hash: Hash32
    transactions: List[Transaction, MAX_TRANSACTIONS_PER_PAYLOAD]
    withdrawals: List[Withdrawal, MAX_WITHDRAWALS_PER_PAYLOAD]
    blob_gas_used: uint64
    excess_blob_gas: uint64
    deposit_receipts: List[DepositReceipt, MAX_DEPOSIT_RECEIPTS_PER_PAYLOAD]  # [New in Electra:EIP6110]
    # [New in Electra:EIP7002:EIP7251]
    withdrawal_requests: List[ExecutionLayerWithdrawalRequest, MAX_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_PAYLOAD]

ExecutionPayloadHeader

class ExecutionPayloadHeader(Container):
    # Execution block header fields
    parent_hash: Hash32
    fee_recipient: ExecutionAddress
    state_root: Bytes32
    receipts_root: Bytes32
    logs_bloom: ByteVector[BYTES_PER_LOGS_BLOOM]
    prev_randao: Bytes32
    block_number: uint64
    gas_limit: uint64
    gas_used: uint64
    timestamp: uint64
    extra_data: ByteList[MAX_EXTRA_DATA_BYTES]
    base_fee_per_gas: uint256
    # Extra payload fields
    block_hash: Hash32
    transactions_root: Root
    withdrawals_root: Root
    blob_gas_used: uint64
    excess_blob_gas: uint64
    deposit_receipts_root: Root  # [New in Electra:EIP6110]
    withdrawal_requests_root: Root  # [New in Electra:EIP7002:EIP7251]

BeaconState

class BeaconState(Container):
    # Versioning
    genesis_time: uint64
    genesis_validators_root: Root
    slot: Slot
    fork: Fork
    # History
    latest_block_header: BeaconBlockHeader
    block_roots: Vector[Root, SLOTS_PER_HISTORICAL_ROOT]
    state_roots: Vector[Root, SLOTS_PER_HISTORICAL_ROOT]
    historical_roots: List[Root, HISTORICAL_ROOTS_LIMIT]
    # Eth1
    eth1_data: Eth1Data
    eth1_data_votes: List[Eth1Data, EPOCHS_PER_ETH1_VOTING_PERIOD * SLOTS_PER_EPOCH]
    eth1_deposit_index: uint64
    # Registry
    validators: List[Validator, VALIDATOR_REGISTRY_LIMIT]
    balances: List[Gwei, VALIDATOR_REGISTRY_LIMIT]
    # Randomness
    randao_mixes: Vector[Bytes32, EPOCHS_PER_HISTORICAL_VECTOR]
    # Slashings
    slashings: Vector[Gwei, EPOCHS_PER_SLASHINGS_VECTOR]  # Per-epoch sums of slashed effective balances
    # Participation
    previous_epoch_participation: List[ParticipationFlags, VALIDATOR_REGISTRY_LIMIT]
    current_epoch_participation: List[ParticipationFlags, VALIDATOR_REGISTRY_LIMIT]
    # Finality
    justification_bits: Bitvector[JUSTIFICATION_BITS_LENGTH]  # Bit set for every recent justified epoch
    previous_justified_checkpoint: Checkpoint
    current_justified_checkpoint: Checkpoint
    finalized_checkpoint: Checkpoint
    # Inactivity
    inactivity_scores: List[uint64, VALIDATOR_REGISTRY_LIMIT]
    # Sync
    current_sync_committee: SyncCommittee
    next_sync_committee: SyncCommittee
    # Execution
    latest_execution_payload_header: ExecutionPayloadHeader  # [Modified in Electra:EIP6110:EIP7002]
    # Withdrawals
    next_withdrawal_index: WithdrawalIndex
    next_withdrawal_validator_index: ValidatorIndex
    # Deep history valid from Capella onwards
    historical_summaries: List[HistoricalSummary, HISTORICAL_ROOTS_LIMIT]
    deposit_receipts_start_index: uint64  # [New in Electra:EIP6110]
    deposit_balance_to_consume: Gwei  # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
    exit_balance_to_consume: Gwei  # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
    earliest_exit_epoch: Epoch  # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
    consolidation_balance_to_consume: Gwei  # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
    earliest_consolidation_epoch: Epoch  # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
    pending_balance_deposits: List[PendingBalanceDeposit, PENDING_BALANCE_DEPOSITS_LIMIT]  # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
    # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
    pending_partial_withdrawals: List[PendingPartialWithdrawal, PENDING_PARTIAL_WITHDRAWALS_LIMIT]
    pending_consolidations: List[PendingConsolidation, PENDING_CONSOLIDATIONS_LIMIT]  # [New in Electra:EIP7251]

Helper functions

Predicates

Updated compute_proposer_index

Note: The function is modified to use MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_ELECTRA preset.

def compute_proposer_index(state: BeaconState, indices: Sequence[ValidatorIndex], seed: Bytes32) -> ValidatorIndex:
    """
    Return from ``indices`` a random index sampled by effective balance.
    """
    assert len(indices) > 0
    MAX_RANDOM_BYTE = 2**8 - 1
    i = uint64(0)
    total = uint64(len(indices))
    while True:
        candidate_index = indices[compute_shuffled_index(i % total, total, seed)]
        random_byte = hash(seed + uint_to_bytes(uint64(i // 32)))[i % 32]
        effective_balance = state.validators[candidate_index].effective_balance
        # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
        if effective_balance * MAX_RANDOM_BYTE >= MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_ELECTRA * random_byte:
            return candidate_index
        i += 1

Updated is_eligible_for_activation_queue

def is_eligible_for_activation_queue(validator: Validator) -> bool:
    """
    Check if ``validator`` is eligible to be placed into the activation queue.
    """
    return (
        validator.activation_eligibility_epoch == FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH
        and validator.effective_balance >= MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
    )

New is_compounding_withdrawal_credential

def is_compounding_withdrawal_credential(withdrawal_credentials: Bytes32) -> bool:
    return withdrawal_credentials[:1] == COMPOUNDING_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX

New has_compounding_withdrawal_credential

def has_compounding_withdrawal_credential(validator: Validator) -> bool:
    """
    Check if ``validator`` has an 0x02 prefixed "compounding" withdrawal credential.
    """
    return is_compounding_withdrawal_credential(validator.withdrawal_credentials)

New has_execution_withdrawal_credential

def has_execution_withdrawal_credential(validator: Validator) -> bool:
    """
    Check if ``validator`` has a 0x01 or 0x02 prefixed withdrawal credential.
    """
    return has_compounding_withdrawal_credential(validator) or has_eth1_withdrawal_credential(validator)

Updated is_fully_withdrawable_validator

def is_fully_withdrawable_validator(validator: Validator, balance: Gwei, epoch: Epoch) -> bool:
    """
    Check if ``validator`` is fully withdrawable.
    """
    return (
        has_execution_withdrawal_credential(validator)  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
        and validator.withdrawable_epoch <= epoch
        and balance > 0
    )

Updated is_partially_withdrawable_validator

def is_partially_withdrawable_validator(validator: Validator, balance: Gwei) -> bool:
    """
    Check if ``validator`` is partially withdrawable.
    """
    max_effective_balance = get_validator_max_effective_balance(validator)
    has_max_effective_balance = validator.effective_balance == max_effective_balance  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
    has_excess_balance = balance > max_effective_balance  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
    return (
        has_execution_withdrawal_credential(validator)  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
        and has_max_effective_balance
        and has_excess_balance
    )

Misc

get_committee_indices

def get_committee_indices(committee_bits: Bitvector) -> Sequence[CommitteeIndex]:
    return [CommitteeIndex(index) for index, bit in enumerate(committee_bits) if bit]

get_validator_max_effective_balance

def get_validator_max_effective_balance(validator: Validator) -> Gwei:
    """
    Get max effective balance for ``validator``.
    """
    if has_compounding_withdrawal_credential(validator):
        return MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_ELECTRA
    else:
        return MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE

Beacon state accessors

New get_balance_churn_limit

def get_balance_churn_limit(state: BeaconState) -> Gwei:
    """
    Return the churn limit for the current epoch.
    """
    churn = max(
        MIN_PER_EPOCH_CHURN_LIMIT_ELECTRA,
        get_total_active_balance(state) // CHURN_LIMIT_QUOTIENT
    )
    return churn - churn % EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT

New get_activation_exit_churn_limit

def get_activation_exit_churn_limit(state: BeaconState) -> Gwei:
    """
    Return the churn limit for the current epoch dedicated to activations and exits.
    """
    return min(MAX_PER_EPOCH_ACTIVATION_EXIT_CHURN_LIMIT, get_balance_churn_limit(state))

New get_consolidation_churn_limit

def get_consolidation_churn_limit(state: BeaconState) -> Gwei:
    return get_balance_churn_limit(state) - get_activation_exit_churn_limit(state)

New get_active_balance

def get_active_balance(state: BeaconState, validator_index: ValidatorIndex) -> Gwei:
    max_effective_balance = get_validator_max_effective_balance(state.validators[validator_index])
    return min(state.balances[validator_index], max_effective_balance)

New get_pending_balance_to_withdraw

def get_pending_balance_to_withdraw(state: BeaconState, validator_index: ValidatorIndex) -> Gwei:
    return sum(
        withdrawal.amount for withdrawal in state.pending_partial_withdrawals if withdrawal.index == validator_index
    )

Modified get_attesting_indices

def get_attesting_indices(state: BeaconState, attestation: Attestation) -> Set[ValidatorIndex]:
    """
    Return the set of attesting indices corresponding to ``aggregation_bits`` and ``committee_bits``.
    """
    output: Set[ValidatorIndex] = set()
    committee_indices = get_committee_indices(attestation.committee_bits)
    committee_offset = 0
    for index in committee_indices:
        committee = get_beacon_committee(state, attestation.data.slot, index)
        committee_attesters = set(
            index for i, index in enumerate(committee) if attestation.aggregation_bits[committee_offset + i])
        output = output.union(committee_attesters)

        committee_offset += len(committee)

    return output

Modified get_next_sync_committee_indices

Note: The function is modified to use MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_ELECTRA preset.

def get_next_sync_committee_indices(state: BeaconState) -> Sequence[ValidatorIndex]:
    """
    Return the sync committee indices, with possible duplicates, for the next sync committee.
    """
    epoch = Epoch(get_current_epoch(state) + 1)

    MAX_RANDOM_BYTE = 2**8 - 1
    active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(state, epoch)
    active_validator_count = uint64(len(active_validator_indices))
    seed = get_seed(state, epoch, DOMAIN_SYNC_COMMITTEE)
    i = 0
    sync_committee_indices: List[ValidatorIndex] = []
    while len(sync_committee_indices) < SYNC_COMMITTEE_SIZE:
        shuffled_index = compute_shuffled_index(uint64(i % active_validator_count), active_validator_count, seed)
        candidate_index = active_validator_indices[shuffled_index]
        random_byte = hash(seed + uint_to_bytes(uint64(i // 32)))[i % 32]
        effective_balance = state.validators[candidate_index].effective_balance
        # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
        if effective_balance * MAX_RANDOM_BYTE >= MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_ELECTRA * random_byte:
            sync_committee_indices.append(candidate_index)
        i += 1
    return sync_committee_indices

Beacon state mutators

Updated initiate_validator_exit

def initiate_validator_exit(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex) -> None:
    """
    Initiate the exit of the validator with index ``index``.
    """
    # Return if validator already initiated exit
    validator = state.validators[index]
    if validator.exit_epoch != FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH:
        return

    # Compute exit queue epoch [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
    exit_queue_epoch = compute_exit_epoch_and_update_churn(state, validator.effective_balance)

    # Set validator exit epoch and withdrawable epoch
    validator.exit_epoch = exit_queue_epoch
    validator.withdrawable_epoch = Epoch(validator.exit_epoch + MIN_VALIDATOR_WITHDRAWABILITY_DELAY)

New switch_to_compounding_validator

def switch_to_compounding_validator(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex) -> None:
    validator = state.validators[index]
    if has_eth1_withdrawal_credential(validator):
        validator.withdrawal_credentials = COMPOUNDING_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX + validator.withdrawal_credentials[1:]
        queue_excess_active_balance(state, index)

New queue_excess_active_balance

def queue_excess_active_balance(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex) -> None:
    balance = state.balances[index]
    if balance > MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE:
        excess_balance = balance - MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE
        state.balances[index] = MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE
        state.pending_balance_deposits.append(
            PendingBalanceDeposit(index=index, amount=excess_balance)
        )

New queue_entire_balance_and_reset_validator

def queue_entire_balance_and_reset_validator(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex) -> None:
    balance = state.balances[index]
    state.balances[index] = 0
    validator = state.validators[index]
    validator.effective_balance = 0
    validator.activation_eligibility_epoch = FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH
    state.pending_balance_deposits.append(
        PendingBalanceDeposit(index=index, amount=balance)
    )

New compute_exit_epoch_and_update_churn

def compute_exit_epoch_and_update_churn(state: BeaconState, exit_balance: Gwei) -> Epoch:
    earliest_exit_epoch = max(state.earliest_exit_epoch, compute_activation_exit_epoch(get_current_epoch(state)))
    per_epoch_churn = get_activation_exit_churn_limit(state)
    # New epoch for exits.
    if state.earliest_exit_epoch < earliest_exit_epoch:
        exit_balance_to_consume = per_epoch_churn
    else:
        exit_balance_to_consume = state.exit_balance_to_consume

    # Exit doesn't fit in the current earliest epoch.
    if exit_balance > exit_balance_to_consume:
        balance_to_process = exit_balance - exit_balance_to_consume
        additional_epochs = (balance_to_process - 1) // per_epoch_churn + 1
        earliest_exit_epoch += additional_epochs
        exit_balance_to_consume += additional_epochs * per_epoch_churn

    # Consume the balance and update state variables.
    state.exit_balance_to_consume = exit_balance_to_consume - exit_balance
    state.earliest_exit_epoch = earliest_exit_epoch

    return state.earliest_exit_epoch

New compute_consolidation_epoch_and_update_churn

def compute_consolidation_epoch_and_update_churn(state: BeaconState, consolidation_balance: Gwei) -> Epoch:
    earliest_consolidation_epoch = max(
        state.earliest_consolidation_epoch, compute_activation_exit_epoch(get_current_epoch(state)))
    per_epoch_consolidation_churn = get_consolidation_churn_limit(state)
    # New epoch for consolidations.
    if state.earliest_consolidation_epoch < earliest_consolidation_epoch:
        consolidation_balance_to_consume = per_epoch_consolidation_churn
    else:
        consolidation_balance_to_consume = state.consolidation_balance_to_consume

    # Consolidation doesn't fit in the current earliest epoch.
    if consolidation_balance > consolidation_balance_to_consume:
        balance_to_process = consolidation_balance - consolidation_balance_to_consume
        additional_epochs = (balance_to_process - 1) // per_epoch_consolidation_churn + 1
        earliest_consolidation_epoch += additional_epochs
        consolidation_balance_to_consume += additional_epochs * per_epoch_consolidation_churn

    # Consume the balance and update state variables.
    state.consolidation_balance_to_consume = consolidation_balance_to_consume - consolidation_balance
    state.earliest_consolidation_epoch = earliest_consolidation_epoch

    return state.earliest_consolidation_epoch

Updated slash_validator

def slash_validator(state: BeaconState,
                    slashed_index: ValidatorIndex,
                    whistleblower_index: ValidatorIndex=None) -> None:
    """
    Slash the validator with index ``slashed_index``.
    """
    epoch = get_current_epoch(state)
    initiate_validator_exit(state, slashed_index)
    validator = state.validators[slashed_index]
    validator.slashed = True
    validator.withdrawable_epoch = max(validator.withdrawable_epoch, Epoch(epoch + EPOCHS_PER_SLASHINGS_VECTOR))
    state.slashings[epoch % EPOCHS_PER_SLASHINGS_VECTOR] += validator.effective_balance
    # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
    slashing_penalty = validator.effective_balance // MIN_SLASHING_PENALTY_QUOTIENT_ELECTRA
    decrease_balance(state, slashed_index, slashing_penalty)

    # Apply proposer and whistleblower rewards
    proposer_index = get_beacon_proposer_index(state)
    if whistleblower_index is None:
        whistleblower_index = proposer_index
    whistleblower_reward = Gwei(
        validator.effective_balance // WHISTLEBLOWER_REWARD_QUOTIENT_ELECTRA)  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
    proposer_reward = Gwei(whistleblower_reward * PROPOSER_WEIGHT // WEIGHT_DENOMINATOR)
    increase_balance(state, proposer_index, proposer_reward)
    increase_balance(state, whistleblower_index, Gwei(whistleblower_reward - proposer_reward))

Beacon chain state transition function

Epoch processing

Updated process_epoch

def process_epoch(state: BeaconState) -> None:
    process_justification_and_finalization(state)
    process_inactivity_updates(state)
    process_rewards_and_penalties(state)
    process_registry_updates(state)  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
    process_slashings(state)
    process_eth1_data_reset(state)
    process_pending_balance_deposits(state)  # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
    process_pending_consolidations(state)  # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
    process_effective_balance_updates(state)  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
    process_slashings_reset(state)
    process_randao_mixes_reset(state)
    process_historical_summaries_update(state)
    process_participation_flag_updates(state)
    process_sync_committee_updates(state)

Updated process_registry_updates

process_registry_updates uses the updated definition of initiate_validator_exit and changes how the activation epochs are computed for eligible validators.

def process_registry_updates(state: BeaconState) -> None:
    # Process activation eligibility and ejections
    for index, validator in enumerate(state.validators):
        if is_eligible_for_activation_queue(validator):
            validator.activation_eligibility_epoch = get_current_epoch(state) + 1

        if (
            is_active_validator(validator, get_current_epoch(state))
            and validator.effective_balance <= EJECTION_BALANCE
        ):
            initiate_validator_exit(state, ValidatorIndex(index))

    # Activate all eligible validators
    activation_epoch = compute_activation_exit_epoch(get_current_epoch(state))
    for validator in state.validators:
        if is_eligible_for_activation(state, validator):
            validator.activation_epoch = activation_epoch

New process_pending_balance_deposits

def process_pending_balance_deposits(state: BeaconState) -> None:
    available_for_processing = state.deposit_balance_to_consume + get_activation_exit_churn_limit(state)
    processed_amount = 0
    next_deposit_index = 0

    for deposit in state.pending_balance_deposits:
        if processed_amount + deposit.amount > available_for_processing:
            break
        increase_balance(state, deposit.index, deposit.amount)
        processed_amount += deposit.amount
        next_deposit_index += 1

    state.pending_balance_deposits = state.pending_balance_deposits[next_deposit_index:]

    if len(state.pending_balance_deposits) == 0:
        state.deposit_balance_to_consume = Gwei(0)
    else:
        state.deposit_balance_to_consume = available_for_processing - processed_amount

New process_pending_consolidations

def process_pending_consolidations(state: BeaconState) -> None:
    next_pending_consolidation = 0
    for pending_consolidation in state.pending_consolidations:
        source_validator = state.validators[pending_consolidation.source_index]
        if source_validator.slashed:
            next_pending_consolidation += 1
            continue
        if source_validator.withdrawable_epoch > get_current_epoch(state):
            break

        # Churn any target excess active balance of target and raise its max
        switch_to_compounding_validator(state, pending_consolidation.target_index)
        # Move active balance to target. Excess balance is withdrawable.
        active_balance = get_active_balance(state, pending_consolidation.source_index)
        decrease_balance(state, pending_consolidation.source_index, active_balance)
        increase_balance(state, pending_consolidation.target_index, active_balance)
        next_pending_consolidation += 1

    state.pending_consolidations = state.pending_consolidations[next_pending_consolidation:]

Updated process_effective_balance_updates

process_effective_balance_updates is updated with a new limit for the maximum effective balance.

def process_effective_balance_updates(state: BeaconState) -> None:
    # Update effective balances with hysteresis
    for index, validator in enumerate(state.validators):
        balance = state.balances[index]
        HYSTERESIS_INCREMENT = uint64(EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT // HYSTERESIS_QUOTIENT)
        DOWNWARD_THRESHOLD = HYSTERESIS_INCREMENT * HYSTERESIS_DOWNWARD_MULTIPLIER
        UPWARD_THRESHOLD = HYSTERESIS_INCREMENT * HYSTERESIS_UPWARD_MULTIPLIER
        EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_LIMIT = (
            MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_ELECTRA if has_compounding_withdrawal_credential(validator)
            else MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE
        )

        if (
            balance + DOWNWARD_THRESHOLD < validator.effective_balance
            or validator.effective_balance + UPWARD_THRESHOLD < balance
        ):
            validator.effective_balance = min(balance - balance % EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT, EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_LIMIT)

Block processing

def process_block(state: BeaconState, block: BeaconBlock) -> None:
    process_block_header(state, block)
    process_withdrawals(state, block.body.execution_payload)  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
    process_execution_payload(state, block.body, EXECUTION_ENGINE)  # [Modified in Electra:EIP6110]
    process_randao(state, block.body)
    process_eth1_data(state, block.body)
    process_operations(state, block.body)  # [Modified in Electra:EIP6110:EIP7002:EIP7549:EIP7251]
    process_sync_aggregate(state, block.body.sync_aggregate)

Withdrawals

Updated get_expected_withdrawals
def get_expected_withdrawals(state: BeaconState) -> Tuple[Sequence[Withdrawal], uint64]:
    epoch = get_current_epoch(state)
    withdrawal_index = state.next_withdrawal_index
    validator_index = state.next_withdrawal_validator_index
    withdrawals: List[Withdrawal] = []

    # [New in Electra:EIP7251] Consume pending partial withdrawals
    for withdrawal in state.pending_partial_withdrawals:
        if withdrawal.withdrawable_epoch > epoch or len(withdrawals) == MAX_PENDING_PARTIALS_PER_WITHDRAWALS_SWEEP:
            break

        validator = state.validators[withdrawal.index]
        has_sufficient_effective_balance = validator.effective_balance >= MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE
        has_excess_balance = state.balances[withdrawal.index] > MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE
        if validator.exit_epoch == FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH and has_sufficient_effective_balance and has_excess_balance:
            withdrawable_balance = min(state.balances[withdrawal.index] - MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE, withdrawal.amount)
            withdrawals.append(Withdrawal(
                index=withdrawal_index,
                validator_index=withdrawal.index,
                address=ExecutionAddress(validator.withdrawal_credentials[12:]),
                amount=withdrawable_balance,
            ))
            withdrawal_index += WithdrawalIndex(1)

    partial_withdrawals_count = len(withdrawals)

    # Sweep for remaining.
    bound = min(len(state.validators), MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_WITHDRAWALS_SWEEP)
    for _ in range(bound):
        validator = state.validators[validator_index]
        balance = state.balances[validator_index]
        if is_fully_withdrawable_validator(validator, balance, epoch):
            withdrawals.append(Withdrawal(
                index=withdrawal_index,
                validator_index=validator_index,
                address=ExecutionAddress(validator.withdrawal_credentials[12:]),
                amount=balance,
            ))
            withdrawal_index += WithdrawalIndex(1)
        elif is_partially_withdrawable_validator(validator, balance):
            withdrawals.append(Withdrawal(
                index=withdrawal_index,
                validator_index=validator_index,
                address=ExecutionAddress(validator.withdrawal_credentials[12:]),
                amount=balance - get_validator_max_effective_balance(validator),  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
            ))
            withdrawal_index += WithdrawalIndex(1)
        if len(withdrawals) == MAX_WITHDRAWALS_PER_PAYLOAD:
            break
        validator_index = ValidatorIndex((validator_index + 1) % len(state.validators))
    return withdrawals, partial_withdrawals_count
Updated process_withdrawals
def process_withdrawals(state: BeaconState, payload: ExecutionPayload) -> None:
    expected_withdrawals, partial_withdrawals_count = get_expected_withdrawals(state)  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]

    assert len(payload.withdrawals) == len(expected_withdrawals)

    for expected_withdrawal, withdrawal in zip(expected_withdrawals, payload.withdrawals):
        assert withdrawal == expected_withdrawal
        decrease_balance(state, withdrawal.validator_index, withdrawal.amount)

    # Update pending partial withdrawals [New in Electra:EIP7251]
    state.pending_partial_withdrawals = state.pending_partial_withdrawals[partial_withdrawals_count:]

    # Update the next withdrawal index if this block contained withdrawals
    if len(expected_withdrawals) != 0:
        latest_withdrawal = expected_withdrawals[-1]
        state.next_withdrawal_index = WithdrawalIndex(latest_withdrawal.index + 1)

    # Update the next validator index to start the next withdrawal sweep
    if len(expected_withdrawals) == MAX_WITHDRAWALS_PER_PAYLOAD:
        # Next sweep starts after the latest withdrawal's validator index
        next_validator_index = ValidatorIndex((expected_withdrawals[-1].validator_index + 1) % len(state.validators))
        state.next_withdrawal_validator_index = next_validator_index
    else:
        # Advance sweep by the max length of the sweep if there was not a full set of withdrawals
        next_index = state.next_withdrawal_validator_index + MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_WITHDRAWALS_SWEEP
        next_validator_index = ValidatorIndex(next_index % len(state.validators))
        state.next_withdrawal_validator_index = next_validator_index

Execution payload

Modified process_execution_payload

Note: The function process_execution_payload is modified to use the new ExecutionPayloadHeader type.

def process_execution_payload(state: BeaconState, body: BeaconBlockBody, execution_engine: ExecutionEngine) -> None:
    payload = body.execution_payload

    # Verify consistency of the parent hash with respect to the previous execution payload header
    assert payload.parent_hash == state.latest_execution_payload_header.block_hash
    # Verify prev_randao
    assert payload.prev_randao == get_randao_mix(state, get_current_epoch(state))
    # Verify timestamp
    assert payload.timestamp == compute_timestamp_at_slot(state, state.slot)
    # Verify commitments are under limit
    assert len(body.blob_kzg_commitments) <= MAX_BLOBS_PER_BLOCK
    # Verify the execution payload is valid
    versioned_hashes = [kzg_commitment_to_versioned_hash(commitment) for commitment in body.blob_kzg_commitments]
    assert execution_engine.verify_and_notify_new_payload(
        NewPayloadRequest(
            execution_payload=payload,
            versioned_hashes=versioned_hashes,
            parent_beacon_block_root=state.latest_block_header.parent_root,
        )
    )
    # Cache execution payload header
    state.latest_execution_payload_header = ExecutionPayloadHeader(
        parent_hash=payload.parent_hash,
        fee_recipient=payload.fee_recipient,
        state_root=payload.state_root,
        receipts_root=payload.receipts_root,
        logs_bloom=payload.logs_bloom,
        prev_randao=payload.prev_randao,
        block_number=payload.block_number,
        gas_limit=payload.gas_limit,
        gas_used=payload.gas_used,
        timestamp=payload.timestamp,
        extra_data=payload.extra_data,
        base_fee_per_gas=payload.base_fee_per_gas,
        block_hash=payload.block_hash,
        transactions_root=hash_tree_root(payload.transactions),
        withdrawals_root=hash_tree_root(payload.withdrawals),
        blob_gas_used=payload.blob_gas_used,
        excess_blob_gas=payload.excess_blob_gas,
        deposit_receipts_root=hash_tree_root(payload.deposit_receipts),  # [New in Electra:EIP6110]
        withdrawal_requests_root=hash_tree_root(payload.withdrawal_requests),  # [New in Electra:EIP7002:EIP7251]
    )

Operations

Modified process_operations

Note: The function process_operations is modified to support all of the new functionality in Electra.

def process_operations(state: BeaconState, body: BeaconBlockBody) -> None:
    # [Modified in Electra:EIP6110]
    # Disable former deposit mechanism once all prior deposits are processed
    eth1_deposit_index_limit = min(state.eth1_data.deposit_count, state.deposit_receipts_start_index)
    if state.eth1_deposit_index < eth1_deposit_index_limit:
        assert len(body.deposits) == min(MAX_DEPOSITS, eth1_deposit_index_limit - state.eth1_deposit_index)
    else:
        assert len(body.deposits) == 0

    def for_ops(operations: Sequence[Any], fn: Callable[[BeaconState, Any], None]) -> None:
        for operation in operations:
            fn(state, operation)

    for_ops(body.proposer_slashings, process_proposer_slashing)
    for_ops(body.attester_slashings, process_attester_slashing)
    for_ops(body.attestations, process_attestation)  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7549]
    for_ops(body.deposits, process_deposit)  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
    for_ops(body.voluntary_exits, process_voluntary_exit)  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
    for_ops(body.bls_to_execution_changes, process_bls_to_execution_change)
    # [New in Electra:EIP7002:EIP7251]
    for_ops(body.execution_payload.withdrawal_requests, process_execution_layer_withdrawal_request)
    for_ops(body.execution_payload.deposit_receipts, process_deposit_receipt)  # [New in Electra:EIP6110]
    for_ops(body.consolidations, process_consolidation)  # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
Attestations
Modified process_attestation
def process_attestation(state: BeaconState, attestation: Attestation) -> None:
    data = attestation.data
    assert data.target.epoch in (get_previous_epoch(state), get_current_epoch(state))
    assert data.target.epoch == compute_epoch_at_slot(data.slot)
    assert data.slot + MIN_ATTESTATION_INCLUSION_DELAY <= state.slot

    # [Modified in Electra:EIP7549]
    assert data.index == 0
    committee_indices = get_committee_indices(attestation.committee_bits)
    participants_count = 0
    for index in committee_indices:
        assert index < get_committee_count_per_slot(state, data.target.epoch)
        committee = get_beacon_committee(state, data.slot, index)
        participants_count += len(committee)

    assert len(attestation.aggregation_bits) == participants_count

    # Participation flag indices
    participation_flag_indices = get_attestation_participation_flag_indices(state, data, state.slot - data.slot)

    # Verify signature
    assert is_valid_indexed_attestation(state, get_indexed_attestation(state, attestation))

    # Update epoch participation flags
    if data.target.epoch == get_current_epoch(state):
        epoch_participation = state.current_epoch_participation
    else:
        epoch_participation = state.previous_epoch_participation

    proposer_reward_numerator = 0
    for index in get_attesting_indices(state, attestation):
        for flag_index, weight in enumerate(PARTICIPATION_FLAG_WEIGHTS):
            if flag_index in participation_flag_indices and not has_flag(epoch_participation[index], flag_index):
                epoch_participation[index] = add_flag(epoch_participation[index], flag_index)
                proposer_reward_numerator += get_base_reward(state, index) * weight

    # Reward proposer
    proposer_reward_denominator = (WEIGHT_DENOMINATOR - PROPOSER_WEIGHT) * WEIGHT_DENOMINATOR // PROPOSER_WEIGHT
    proposer_reward = Gwei(proposer_reward_numerator // proposer_reward_denominator)
    increase_balance(state, get_beacon_proposer_index(state), proposer_reward)
Deposits
Updated apply_deposit

NOTE: process_deposit is updated with a new definition of apply_deposit.

def apply_deposit(state: BeaconState,
                  pubkey: BLSPubkey,
                  withdrawal_credentials: Bytes32,
                  amount: uint64,
                  signature: BLSSignature) -> None:
    validator_pubkeys = [v.pubkey for v in state.validators]
    if pubkey not in validator_pubkeys:
        # Verify the deposit signature (proof of possession) which is not checked by the deposit contract
        if is_valid_deposit_signature(pubkey, withdrawal_credentials, amount, signature):
            add_validator_to_registry(state, pubkey, withdrawal_credentials, amount)
    else:
        # Increase balance by deposit amount
        index = ValidatorIndex(validator_pubkeys.index(pubkey))
        state.pending_balance_deposits.append(
            PendingBalanceDeposit(index=index, amount=amount)
        )  # [Modified in Electra:EIP-7251]
        # Check if valid deposit switch to compounding credentials
        if (
            is_compounding_withdrawal_credential(withdrawal_credentials)
            and has_eth1_withdrawal_credential(state.validators[index])
            and is_valid_deposit_signature(pubkey, withdrawal_credentials, amount, signature)
        ):
            switch_to_compounding_validator(state, index)
New is_valid_deposit_signature
def is_valid_deposit_signature(pubkey: BLSPubkey,
                               withdrawal_credentials: Bytes32,
                               amount: uint64,
                               signature: BLSSignature) -> bool:
    deposit_message = DepositMessage(
        pubkey=pubkey,
        withdrawal_credentials=withdrawal_credentials,
        amount=amount,
    )
    domain = compute_domain(DOMAIN_DEPOSIT)  # Fork-agnostic domain since deposits are valid across forks
    signing_root = compute_signing_root(deposit_message, domain)
    return bls.Verify(pubkey, signing_root, signature)
Modified add_validator_to_registry
def add_validator_to_registry(state: BeaconState,
                              pubkey: BLSPubkey,
                              withdrawal_credentials: Bytes32,
                              amount: uint64) -> None:
    index = get_index_for_new_validator(state)
    validator = get_validator_from_deposit(pubkey, withdrawal_credentials)
    set_or_append_list(state.validators, index, validator)
    set_or_append_list(state.balances, index, 0)  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
    set_or_append_list(state.previous_epoch_participation, index, ParticipationFlags(0b0000_0000))
    set_or_append_list(state.current_epoch_participation, index, ParticipationFlags(0b0000_0000))
    set_or_append_list(state.inactivity_scores, index, uint64(0))
    state.pending_balance_deposits.append(PendingBalanceDeposit(index=index, amount=amount))  # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
Updated get_validator_from_deposit
def get_validator_from_deposit(pubkey: BLSPubkey, withdrawal_credentials: Bytes32) -> Validator:
    return Validator(
        pubkey=pubkey,
        withdrawal_credentials=withdrawal_credentials,
        activation_eligibility_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH,
        activation_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH,
        exit_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH,
        withdrawable_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH,
        effective_balance=0,  # [Modified in Electra:EIP7251]
    )
Voluntary exits
Updated process_voluntary_exit
def process_voluntary_exit(state: BeaconState, signed_voluntary_exit: SignedVoluntaryExit) -> None:
    voluntary_exit = signed_voluntary_exit.message
    validator = state.validators[voluntary_exit.validator_index]
    # Verify the validator is active
    assert is_active_validator(validator, get_current_epoch(state))
    # Verify exit has not been initiated
    assert validator.exit_epoch == FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH
    # Exits must specify an epoch when they become valid; they are not valid before then
    assert get_current_epoch(state) >= voluntary_exit.epoch
    # Verify the validator has been active long enough
    assert get_current_epoch(state) >= validator.activation_epoch + SHARD_COMMITTEE_PERIOD
    # Only exit validator if it has no pending withdrawals in the queue
    assert get_pending_balance_to_withdraw(state, voluntary_exit.validator_index) == 0  # [New in Electra:EIP7251]
    # Verify signature
    domain = compute_domain(DOMAIN_VOLUNTARY_EXIT, CAPELLA_FORK_VERSION, state.genesis_validators_root)
    signing_root = compute_signing_root(voluntary_exit, domain)
    assert bls.Verify(validator.pubkey, signing_root, signed_voluntary_exit.signature)
    # Initiate exit
    initiate_validator_exit(state, voluntary_exit.validator_index)
Execution layer withdrawal requests
New process_execution_layer_withdrawal_request

Note: This function is new in Electra following EIP-7002 and EIP-7251.

def process_execution_layer_withdrawal_request(
    state: BeaconState,
    execution_layer_withdrawal_request: ExecutionLayerWithdrawalRequest
) -> None:
    amount = execution_layer_withdrawal_request.amount
    is_full_exit_request = amount == FULL_EXIT_REQUEST_AMOUNT

    # If partial withdrawal queue is full, only full exits are processed
    if len(state.pending_partial_withdrawals) == PENDING_PARTIAL_WITHDRAWALS_LIMIT and not is_full_exit_request:
        return

    validator_pubkeys = [v.pubkey for v in state.validators]
    # Verify pubkey exists
    request_pubkey = execution_layer_withdrawal_request.validator_pubkey
    if request_pubkey not in validator_pubkeys:
        return
    index = ValidatorIndex(validator_pubkeys.index(request_pubkey))
    validator = state.validators[index]

    # Verify withdrawal credentials
    has_correct_credential = has_execution_withdrawal_credential(validator)
    is_correct_source_address = (
        validator.withdrawal_credentials[12:] == execution_layer_withdrawal_request.source_address
    )
    if not (has_correct_credential and is_correct_source_address):
        return
    # Verify the validator is active
    if not is_active_validator(validator, get_current_epoch(state)):
        return
    # Verify exit has not been initiated
    if validator.exit_epoch != FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH:
        return
    # Verify the validator has been active long enough
    if get_current_epoch(state) < validator.activation_epoch + SHARD_COMMITTEE_PERIOD:
        return

    pending_balance_to_withdraw = get_pending_balance_to_withdraw(state, index)

    if is_full_exit_request:
        # Only exit validator if it has no pending withdrawals in the queue
        if pending_balance_to_withdraw == 0:
            initiate_validator_exit(state, index)
        return

    has_sufficient_effective_balance = validator.effective_balance >= MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE
    has_excess_balance = state.balances[index] > MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE + pending_balance_to_withdraw

    # Only allow partial withdrawals with compounding withdrawal credentials
    if has_compounding_withdrawal_credential(validator) and has_sufficient_effective_balance and has_excess_balance:
        to_withdraw = min(
            state.balances[index] - MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE - pending_balance_to_withdraw,
            amount
        )
        exit_queue_epoch = compute_exit_epoch_and_update_churn(state, to_withdraw)
        withdrawable_epoch = Epoch(exit_queue_epoch + MIN_VALIDATOR_WITHDRAWABILITY_DELAY)
        state.pending_partial_withdrawals.append(PendingPartialWithdrawal(
            index=index,
            amount=to_withdraw,
            withdrawable_epoch=withdrawable_epoch,
        ))
Deposit receipts
New process_deposit_receipt

Note: This function is new in Electra:EIP6110.

def process_deposit_receipt(state: BeaconState, deposit_receipt: DepositReceipt) -> None:
    # Set deposit receipt start index
    if state.deposit_receipts_start_index == UNSET_DEPOSIT_RECEIPTS_START_INDEX:
        state.deposit_receipts_start_index = deposit_receipt.index

    apply_deposit(
        state=state,
        pubkey=deposit_receipt.pubkey,
        withdrawal_credentials=deposit_receipt.withdrawal_credentials,
        amount=deposit_receipt.amount,
        signature=deposit_receipt.signature,
    )
Consolidations
New process_consolidation
def process_consolidation(state: BeaconState, signed_consolidation: SignedConsolidation) -> None:
    # If the pending consolidations queue is full, no consolidations are allowed in the block
    assert len(state.pending_consolidations) < PENDING_CONSOLIDATIONS_LIMIT
    # If there is too little available consolidation churn limit, no consolidations are allowed in the block
    assert get_consolidation_churn_limit(state) > MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE
    consolidation = signed_consolidation.message
    # Verify that source != target, so a consolidation cannot be used as an exit.
    assert consolidation.source_index != consolidation.target_index

    source_validator = state.validators[consolidation.source_index]
    target_validator = state.validators[consolidation.target_index]
    # Verify the source and the target are active
    current_epoch = get_current_epoch(state)
    assert is_active_validator(source_validator, current_epoch)
    assert is_active_validator(target_validator, current_epoch)
    # Verify exits for source and target have not been initiated
    assert source_validator.exit_epoch == FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH
    assert target_validator.exit_epoch == FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH
    # Consolidations must specify an epoch when they become valid; they are not valid before then
    assert current_epoch >= consolidation.epoch

    # Verify the source and the target have Execution layer withdrawal credentials
    assert has_execution_withdrawal_credential(source_validator)
    assert has_execution_withdrawal_credential(target_validator)
    # Verify the same withdrawal address
    assert source_validator.withdrawal_credentials[12:] == target_validator.withdrawal_credentials[12:]

    # Verify consolidation is signed by the source and the target
    domain = compute_domain(DOMAIN_CONSOLIDATION, genesis_validators_root=state.genesis_validators_root)
    signing_root = compute_signing_root(consolidation, domain)
    pubkeys = [source_validator.pubkey, target_validator.pubkey]
    assert bls.FastAggregateVerify(pubkeys, signing_root, signed_consolidation.signature)

    # Initiate source validator exit and append pending consolidation
    source_validator.exit_epoch = compute_consolidation_epoch_and_update_churn(
        state, source_validator.effective_balance
    )
    source_validator.withdrawable_epoch = Epoch(
        source_validator.exit_epoch + MIN_VALIDATOR_WITHDRAWABILITY_DELAY
    )
    state.pending_consolidations.append(PendingConsolidation(
        source_index=consolidation.source_index,
        target_index=consolidation.target_index
    ))

Testing

Note: The function initialize_beacon_state_from_eth1 is modified for pure Electra testing only. Modifications include:

  1. Use ELECTRA_FORK_VERSION as the previous and current fork version.
  2. Utilize the Electra BeaconBlockBody when constructing the initial latest_block_header.
  3. [New in Electra:EIP6110] Add deposit_receipts_start_index variable to the genesis state initialization.
  4. [New in Electra:EIP7251] Initialize new fields to support increasing the maximum effective balance.
def initialize_beacon_state_from_eth1(eth1_block_hash: Hash32,
                                      eth1_timestamp: uint64,
                                      deposits: Sequence[Deposit],
                                      execution_payload_header: ExecutionPayloadHeader=ExecutionPayloadHeader()
                                      ) -> BeaconState:
    fork = Fork(
        previous_version=ELECTRA_FORK_VERSION,  # [Modified in Electra:EIP6110] for testing only
        current_version=ELECTRA_FORK_VERSION,  # [Modified in Electra:EIP6110]
        epoch=GENESIS_EPOCH,
    )
    state = BeaconState(
        genesis_time=eth1_timestamp + GENESIS_DELAY,
        fork=fork,
        eth1_data=Eth1Data(block_hash=eth1_block_hash, deposit_count=uint64(len(deposits))),
        latest_block_header=BeaconBlockHeader(body_root=hash_tree_root(BeaconBlockBody())),
        randao_mixes=[eth1_block_hash] * EPOCHS_PER_HISTORICAL_VECTOR,  # Seed RANDAO with Eth1 entropy
        deposit_receipts_start_index=UNSET_DEPOSIT_RECEIPTS_START_INDEX,  # [New in Electra:EIP6110]
    )

    # Process deposits
    leaves = list(map(lambda deposit: deposit.data, deposits))
    for index, deposit in enumerate(deposits):
        deposit_data_list = List[DepositData, 2**DEPOSIT_CONTRACT_TREE_DEPTH](*leaves[:index + 1])
        state.eth1_data.deposit_root = hash_tree_root(deposit_data_list)
        process_deposit(state, deposit)

    # Process deposit balance updates
    for deposit in state.pending_balance_deposits:
        increase_balance(state, deposit.index, deposit.amount)
    state.pending_balance_deposits = []

    # Process activations
    for index, validator in enumerate(state.validators):
        balance = state.balances[index]
        validator.effective_balance = min(balance - balance % EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT, MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_ELECTRA)
        if validator.effective_balance >= MIN_ACTIVATION_BALANCE:
            validator.activation_eligibility_epoch = GENESIS_EPOCH
            validator.activation_epoch = GENESIS_EPOCH

    # Set genesis validators root for domain separation and chain versioning
    state.genesis_validators_root = hash_tree_root(state.validators)

    # Fill in sync committees
    # Note: A duplicate committee is assigned for the current and next committee at genesis
    state.current_sync_committee = get_next_sync_committee(state)
    state.next_sync_committee = get_next_sync_committee(state)

    # Initialize the execution payload header
    state.latest_execution_payload_header = execution_payload_header

    return state