eth2.0-specs/specs/core/1_beacon-chain-misc.md

Phase 1 miscellaneous beacon chain changes

Table of contents

• Phase 1 miscellaneous beacon chain changes
  • Table of contents
  • Configuration
  • Containers
    • CompactCommittee
    • ShardReceiptProof
  • Helper functions
    • pack_compact_validator
    • unpack_compact_validator
    • committee_to_compact_committee
    • verify_merkle_proof
    • compute_historical_state_generalized_index
    • get_generalized_index_of_crosslink_header
    • process_shard_receipt_proof
  • Changes
    • Phase 0 container updates
      • BeaconState
      • BeaconBlockBody
    • Persistent committees
    • Shard receipt processing

Configuration

Name	Value	Unit	Duration
MAX_EPOCHS_PER_CROSSLINK	2**6 (= 64)	epochs	~7 hours
MAX_SHARD_RECEIPT_PROOFS	2**0 (= 1)	-	-
PERIOD_COMMITTEE_ROOT_LENGTH	2**8 (= 256)	periods	~9 months
MINOR_REWARD_QUOTIENT	2**8 (=256)	-	-
REWARD_COEFFICIENT_BASE	TBD	-	-

Containers

CompactCommittee

class CompactCommittee(Container):
    pubkeys: List[BLSPubkey, MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE]
    compact_validators: List[uint64, MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE]

ShardReceiptDelta

class ShardReceiptDelta(Container):
    index: ValidatorIndex
    reward_coefficient: uint64
    block_fee: Gwei

ShardReceiptProof

class ShardReceiptProof(Container):
    shard: Shard
    proof: List[Hash, PLACEHOLDER]
    receipt: List[ShardReceiptDelta, PLACEHOLDER]

Helper functions

pack_compact_validator

def pack_compact_validator(index: int, slashed: bool, balance_in_increments: int) -> int:
    """
    Creates a compact validator object representing index, slashed status, and compressed balance.
    Takes as input balance-in-increments (// EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT) to preserve symmetry with
    the unpacking function.
    """
    return (index << 16) + (slashed << 15) + balance_in_increments

unpack_compact_validator

def unpack_compact_validator(compact_validator: int) -> Tuple[int, bool, int]:
    """
    Returns validator index, slashed, balance // EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT
    """
    return compact_validator >> 16, bool((compact_validator >> 15) % 2), compact_validator & (2**15 - 1)

committee_to_compact_committee

def committee_to_compact_committee(state: BeaconState, committee: Sequence[ValidatorIndex]) -> CompactCommittee:
    """
    Given a state and a list of validator indices, outputs the CompactCommittee representing them.
    """
    validators = [state.validators[i] for i in committee]
    compact_validators = [
        pack_compact_validator(i, v.slashed, v.effective_balance // EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT)
        for i, v in zip(committee, validators)
    ]
    pubkeys = [v.pubkey for v in validators]
    return CompactCommittee(pubkeys=pubkeys, compact_validators=compact_validators)

verify_merkle_proof

def verify_merkle_proof(leaf: Hash, proof: Sequence[Hash], index: GeneralizedIndex, root: Hash) -> bool:
    assert len(proof) == get_generalized_index_length(index)
    for i, h in enumerate(proof):
        if get_generalized_index_bit(index, i):
            leaf = hash(h + leaf)
        else:
            leaf = hash(leaf + h)
    return leaf == root

compute_historical_state_generalized_index

def compute_historical_state_generalized_index(earlier: ShardSlot, later: ShardSlot) -> GeneralizedIndex:
    """
    Computes the generalized index of the state root of slot `earlier` based on the state root of slot `later`.
    Relies on the `history_accumulator` in the `ShardState`, where `history_accumulator[i]` maintains the most
    recent 2**i'th slot state. Works by tracing a `log(later-earlier)` step path from `later` to `earlier`
    through intermediate blocks at the next available multiples of descending powers of two.
    """
    o = GeneralizedIndex(1)
    for i in range(HISTORY_ACCUMULATOR_DEPTH - 1, -1, -1):
        if (later - 1) & 2**i > (earlier - 1) & 2**i:
            later = later - ((later - 1) % 2**i) - 1
            gindex = GeneralizedIndex(get_generalized_index(ShardState, ['history_accumulator', i]))
            o = concat_generalized_indices(o, gindex)
    return o

get_generalized_index_of_crosslink_header

def get_generalized_index_of_crosslink_header(index: int) -> GeneralizedIndex:
    """
    Gets the generalized index for the root of the index'th header in a crosslink.
    """
    MAX_CROSSLINK_SIZE = (
        MAX_SHARD_BLOCK_SIZE * SHARD_SLOTS_PER_EPOCH * MAX_EPOCHS_PER_CROSSLINK
    )
    assert MAX_CROSSLINK_SIZE == get_previous_power_of_two(MAX_CROSSLINK_SIZE)
    return GeneralizedIndex(MAX_CROSSLINK_SIZE // SHARD_HEADER_SIZE + index)

process_shard_receipt_proof

def process_shard_receipt_proof(state: BeaconState, receipt_proof: ShardReceiptProof) -> None:
    """
    Processes a ShardReceipt object.
    """
    receipt_slot = (
        state.next_shard_receipt_period[receipt_proof.shard] *
        SHARD_SLOTS_PER_EPOCH * EPOCHS_PER_SHARD_PERIOD
    )
    first_slot_in_last_crosslink = state.current_crosslinks[receipt_proof.shard].start_epoch * SHARD_SLOTS_PER_EPOCH
    gindex = concat_generalized_indices(
        get_generalized_index_of_crosslink_header(0),
        GeneralizedIndex(get_generalized_index(ShardBlockHeader, 'state_root')),
        compute_historical_state_generalized_index(receipt_slot, first_slot_in_last_crosslink),
        GeneralizedIndex(get_generalized_index(ShardState, 'receipt_root'))
    )
    assert verify_merkle_proof(
        leaf=hash_tree_root(receipt_proof.receipt),
        proof=receipt_proof.proof,
        index=gindex,
        root=state.current_crosslinks[receipt_proof.shard].data_root
    )
    for delta in receipt_proof.receipt:
        if get_current_epoch(state) < state.validators[delta.index].withdrawable_epoch:
            increase_amount = (
                state.validators[delta.index].effective_balance * delta.reward_coefficient // REWARD_COEFFICIENT_BASE
            )
            increase_balance(state, delta.index, increase_amount)
            decrease_balance(state, delta.index, delta.block_fee)
    state.next_shard_receipt_period[receipt_proof.shard] += 1
    proposer_index = get_beacon_proposer_index(state)
    increase_balance(state, proposer_index, Gwei(get_base_reward(state, proposer_index) // MINOR_REWARD_QUOTIENT))

Changes

Phase 0 container updates

Add the following fields to the end of the specified container objects.

BeaconState

class BeaconState(Container):
    # Period committees
    period_committee_roots: Vector[Hash, PERIOD_COMMITTEE_ROOT_LENGTH]
    next_shard_receipt_period: Vector[uint64, SHARD_COUNT]

period_committee_roots values are initialized to Bytes32() (empty bytes value). next_shard_receipt_period values are initialized to compute_epoch_of_slot(PHASE_1_FORK_SLOT) // EPOCHS_PER_SHARD_PERIOD.

BeaconBlockBody

class BeaconBlockBody(Container):
    shard_receipt_proofs: List[ShardReceiptProof, MAX_SHARD_RECEIPT_PROOFS]

shard_receipt_proofs is initialized to [].

Persistent committees

Run update_period_committee immediately before process_final_updates:

# begin insert @update_period_committee
    update_period_committee(state)
# end insert @update_period_committee
def update_period_committee(state: BeaconState) -> None:
    """
    Updates period committee roots at boundary blocks.
    """
    if (get_current_epoch(state) + 1) % EPOCHS_PER_SHARD_PERIOD != 0:
        return

    period = (get_current_epoch(state) + 1) // EPOCHS_PER_SHARD_PERIOD
    committees = Vector[CompactCommittee, SHARD_COUNT]([
        committee_to_compact_committee(
            state,
            get_period_committee(state, Shard(shard), Epoch(get_current_epoch(state) + 1)),
        )
        for shard in range(SHARD_COUNT)
    ])
    state.period_committee_roots[period % PERIOD_COMMITTEE_ROOT_LENGTH] = hash_tree_root(committees)

Shard receipt processing

Run process_shard_receipt_proof on each ShardReceiptProof during block processing.

# begin insert @process_shard_receipt_proofs
        (body.shard_receipt_proofs, process_shard_receipt_proof),
# end insert @process_shard_receipt_proofs