100 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
100 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
# Ethereum 2.0 Specifications
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[](https://discord.gg/qGpsxSA) [](https://gitter.im/ethereum/sharding?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
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To learn more about sharding and Ethereum 2.0 (Serenity), see the [sharding FAQ](https://eth.wiki/sharding/Sharding-FAQs) and the [research compendium](https://notes.ethereum.org/s/H1PGqDhpm).
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This repository hosts the current Eth2 specifications. Discussions about design rationale and proposed changes can be brought up and discussed as issues. Solidified, agreed-upon changes to the spec can be made through pull requests.
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## Specs
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[](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/releases/) [](https://badge.fury.io/py/eth2spec)
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Core specifications for Eth2 clients be found in [specs](specs/). These are divided into features.
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Features are researched and developed in parallel, and then consolidated into sequential upgrades when ready.
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The current features are:
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### Phase 0
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* [The Beacon Chain](specs/phase0/beacon-chain.md)
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* [Beacon Chain Fork Choice](specs/phase0/fork-choice.md)
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* [Deposit Contract](specs/phase0/deposit-contract.md)
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* [Honest Validator](specs/phase0/validator.md)
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* [P2P Networking](specs/phase0/p2p-interface.md)
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* [Weak Subjectivity](specs/phase0/weak-subjectivity.md)
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### Altair
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* [Beacon chain changes](specs/altair/beacon-chain.md)
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* [Altair fork](specs/altair/fork.md)
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* [Light client sync protocol](specs/altair/sync-protocol.md)
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* [Honest Validator guide changes](specs/altair/validator.md)
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* [P2P Networking](specs/altair/p2p-interface.md)
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### Merge
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The merge is still actively in R&D. The specifications outline a general direction for engineering work,
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while the details are in review and may change.
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* Background material:
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* An [ethresear.ch](https://ethresear.ch) post [describing the basic mechanism](https://ethresear.ch/t/the-eth1-eth2-transition/6265)
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* [ethereum.org](https://ethereum.org) high-level description of the merge [here](https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/docking/)
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* Specifications:
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* [Beacon Chain changes](specs/merge/beacon-chain.md)
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* [Fork Choice changes](specs/merge/fork-choice.md)
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* [Validator additions](specs/merge/validator.md)
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### Sharding
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Sharding follows the merge, and is divided into three parts:
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* Sharding base functionality - In early engineering phase
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* [Beacon Chain changes](specs/sharding/beacon-chain.md)
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* [P2P Network changes](specs/sharding/p2p-interface.md)
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* Custody Game - Ready, dependent on sharding
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* [Beacon Chain changes](specs/custody_game/beacon-chain.md)
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* [Validator custody work](specs/custody_game/validator.md)
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* Data Availability Sampling - In active R&D
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* Technical details [here](https://hackmd.io/@HWeNw8hNRimMm2m2GH56Cw/B1YJPGkpD).
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* [Core types and functions](specs/das/das-core.md)
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* [P2P Networking](specs/das/p2p-interface.md)
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* [Fork Choice](specs/das/fork-choice.md)
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* [Sampling process](specs/das/sampling.md)
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### Accompanying documents can be found in [specs](specs) and include:
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* [SimpleSerialize (SSZ) spec](ssz/simple-serialize.md)
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* [Merkle proof formats](ssz/merkle-proofs.md)
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* [General test format](tests/formats/README.md)
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## Additional specifications for client implementers
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Additional specifications and standards outside of requisite client functionality can be found in the following repos:
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* [Eth2 APIs](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-apis)
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* [Eth2 Metrics](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-metrics/)
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* [Interop Standards in Eth2 PM](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-pm/tree/master/interop)
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## Design goals
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The following are the broad design goals for Ethereum 2.0:
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* to minimize complexity, even at the cost of some losses in efficiency
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* to remain live through major network partitions and when very large portions of nodes go offline
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* to select all components such that they are either quantum secure or can be easily swapped out for quantum secure counterparts when available
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* to utilize crypto and design techniques that allow for a large participation of validators in total and per unit time
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* to allow for a typical consumer laptop with `O(C)` resources to process/validate `O(1)` shards (including any system level validation such as the beacon chain)
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## Useful external resources
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* [Design Rationale](https://notes.ethereum.org/s/rkhCgQteN#)
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* [Phase 0 Onboarding Document](https://notes.ethereum.org/s/Bkn3zpwxB)
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* [Combining GHOST and Casper paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.03052)
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## For spec contributors
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Documentation on the different components used during spec writing can be found here:
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* [YAML Test Generators](tests/generators/README.md)
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* [Executable Python Spec, with Py-tests](tests/core/pyspec/README.md)
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