eth2.0-specs/specs/phase1/shard-fork-choice.md

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# Ethereum 2.0 Phase 1 -- Beacon Chain + Shard Chain Fork Choice
**Notice**: This document is a work-in-progress for researchers and implementers.
## Table of contents
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- [Introduction](#introduction)
- [Fork choice](#fork-choice)
- [Helpers](#helpers)
- [`get_forkchoice_shard_store`](#get_forkchoice_shard_store)
- [`get_shard_latest_attesting_balance`](#get_shard_latest_attesting_balance)
- [`get_shard_head`](#get_shard_head)
- [`get_shard_ancestor`](#get_shard_ancestor)
- [`get_pending_shard_blocks`](#get_pending_shard_blocks)
- [Handlers](#handlers)
- [`on_shard_block`](#on_shard_block)
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## Introduction
This document is the shard chain fork choice spec for part of Ethereum 2.0 Phase 1. It assumes the [beacon chain fork choice spec](./fork-choice.md).
## Fork choice
### Helpers
#### `get_forkchoice_shard_store`
```python
def get_forkchoice_shard_store(anchor_state: BeaconState, shard: Shard) -> ShardStore:
return ShardStore(
shard=shard,
signed_blocks={
anchor_state.shard_states[shard].latest_block_root: SignedShardBlock(
message=ShardBlock(slot=compute_previous_slot(anchor_state.slot), shard=shard)
)
},
block_states={anchor_state.shard_states[shard].latest_block_root: anchor_state.copy().shard_states[shard]},
)
```
#### `get_shard_latest_attesting_balance`
```python
def get_shard_latest_attesting_balance(store: Store, shard: Shard, root: Root) -> Gwei:
shard_store = store.shard_stores[shard]
state = store.checkpoint_states[store.justified_checkpoint]
active_indices = get_active_validator_indices(state, get_current_epoch(state))
return Gwei(sum(
state.validators[i].effective_balance for i in active_indices
if (
i in shard_store.latest_messages
# TODO: check the latest message logic: currently, validator's previous vote of another shard
# would be ignored once their newer vote is accepted. Check if it makes sense.
and get_shard_ancestor(
store,
shard,
shard_store.latest_messages[i].root,
shard_store.signed_blocks[root].message.slot,
) == root
)
))
```
#### `get_shard_head`
```python
def get_shard_head(store: Store, shard: Shard) -> Root:
# Execute the LMD-GHOST fork choice
"""
Execute the LMD-GHOST fork choice.
"""
shard_store = store.shard_stores[shard]
beacon_head_root = get_head(store)
shard_head_state = store.block_states[beacon_head_root].shard_states[shard]
shard_head_root = shard_head_state.latest_block_root
shard_blocks = {
root: signed_shard_block.message for root, signed_shard_block in shard_store.signed_blocks.items()
if signed_shard_block.message.slot > shard_head_state.slot
}
while True:
# Find the valid child block roots
children = [
root for root, shard_block in shard_blocks.items()
if shard_block.shard_parent_root == shard_head_root
]
if len(children) == 0:
return shard_head_root
# Sort by latest attesting balance with ties broken lexicographically
shard_head_root = max(
children, key=lambda root: (get_shard_latest_attesting_balance(store, shard, root), root)
)
```
#### `get_shard_ancestor`
```python
def get_shard_ancestor(store: Store, shard: Shard, root: Root, slot: Slot) -> Root:
shard_store = store.shard_stores[shard]
block = shard_store.signed_blocks[root].message
if block.slot > slot:
return get_shard_ancestor(store, shard, block.shard_parent_root, slot)
elif block.slot == slot:
return root
else:
# root is older than queried slot, thus a skip slot. Return most recent root prior to slot
return root
```
#### `get_pending_shard_blocks`
```python
def get_pending_shard_blocks(store: Store, shard: Shard) -> Sequence[SignedShardBlock]:
"""
Return the canonical shard block branch that has not yet been crosslinked.
"""
shard_store = store.shard_stores[shard]
beacon_head_root = get_head(store)
beacon_head_state = store.block_states[beacon_head_root]
latest_shard_block_root = beacon_head_state.shard_states[shard].latest_block_root
shard_head_root = get_shard_head(store, shard)
root = shard_head_root
signed_shard_blocks = []
while root != latest_shard_block_root:
signed_shard_block = shard_store.signed_blocks[root]
signed_shard_blocks.append(signed_shard_block)
root = signed_shard_block.message.shard_parent_root
signed_shard_blocks.reverse()
return signed_shard_blocks
```
### Handlers
#### `on_shard_block`
```python
def on_shard_block(store: Store, signed_shard_block: SignedShardBlock) -> None:
shard_block = signed_shard_block.message
shard = shard_block.shard
shard_store = store.shard_stores[shard]
# Check shard parent exists
assert shard_block.shard_parent_root in shard_store.block_states
shard_parent_state = shard_store.block_states[shard_block.shard_parent_root]
# Check beacon parent exists
assert shard_block.beacon_parent_root in store.block_states
beacon_parent_state = store.block_states[shard_block.beacon_parent_root]
# Check that block is later than the finalized shard state slot (optimization to reduce calls to get_ancestor)
finalized_beacon_state = store.block_states[store.finalized_checkpoint.root]
finalized_shard_state = finalized_beacon_state.shard_states[shard]
assert shard_block.slot > finalized_shard_state.slot
# Check block is a descendant of the finalized block at the checkpoint finalized slot
finalized_slot = compute_start_slot_at_epoch(store.finalized_checkpoint.epoch)
assert (
get_ancestor(store, shard_block.beacon_parent_root, finalized_slot) == store.finalized_checkpoint.root
)
# Check the block is valid and compute the post-state
shard_state = shard_parent_state.copy()
shard_state_transition(shard_state, signed_shard_block, beacon_parent_state, validate_result=True)
# Add new block to the store
# Note: storing `SignedShardBlock` format for computing `ShardTransition.proposer_signature_aggregate`
shard_store.signed_blocks[hash_tree_root(shard_block)] = signed_shard_block
# Add new state for this block to the store
shard_store.block_states[hash_tree_root(shard_block)] = shard_state
```