Added `latest_vdf_outputs` in `state` initialised to an array of `ZERO_HASH` of length `LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH // EPOCH_LENGTH`. (There's one VDF output per epoch. The VDF input is the RANDAO mix at the epoch boundary.)
Further changes to activate VDFs (in a future phase):
* Add a new beacon "VDF output and proof" transaction, e.g. with `MAX_VDF_OUTPUT_AND_PROOF := 1`.
* Adjust the `MAX_SEED_LOOKAHEAD` constant, e.g. to `2**4 * EPOCH_LENGTH`. (The `2**4` parameter is essentially `A_max`.)
* Add a `process_vdf_output_and_proof` helper function in the per-block processing:
* Verify the VDF input hasn't already been processed (check the corresponding `state.latest_vdf_outputs` entry is not `ZERO_HASH`.)
* Verify the proof is correct, i.e. matches the VDF input and output
* Save the VDF output to `state.latest_vdf_outputs`
* In the per-epoch processing set the corresponding entry in `state.latest_vdf_outputs` to `ZERO_HASH`.
* Use a VDF output for the shuffling seed.
* Fixes parameters and makes clear that the inactivity leak is on a per-epoch basis (before the leak was technically 64 times too weak as it was calculated per-slot but applied per-epoch)
* Adds a `// 2` to the inactivity leak to compensate for it being applied twice
* Changes how it is calculated (no inactivity leak for not being part of the head, only basic leak)
* Separates out early inclusion incentives into a separate incentive component rather than being multiplicative with everything else
Slight simplification. Only substantive change is that if the validator registry stays constant, we don't reshuffle 3 epochs after the last reshuffling (ie. before the reshufflings happened after 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16... epochs, now it's just 1, 2, 4, 8, 16...)
Joseph Delong
Danny Ryan
vbuterin
Justin
Hsiao-Wei Wang
terence tsao
Chih Cheng Liang
Akhila Raju
Anirudha Bose
Dan Burnett