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Status Whisper Usage Specification

Version: 0.1 (Draft)

Authors: Adam Babik adam@status.im, Corey Petty corey@status.im, Oskar Thorén oskar@status.im (alphabetical order)

Status Whisper Usage Specification

Abstract

Status uses Whisper to provide privacy-preserving routing and messaging on top of devP2P. Whisper uses topics to partition its messages, and these are leveraged for all chat capabilities. In the case of public chats, the channel name maps directly to its Whisper topic. This allows allows anyone to listen on a single channel.

Additionally, since anyone can receive Whisper envelopes, it relies on the ability to decrypt messages to decide who is the correct recipient. We do however not rely on this property, but instead implement another secure transport layer on top of Whisper.

Finally, we use an extension of Whisper to provide the ability to do offline messaging.

Reason

Provide routing, metadata protection, topic-based multicasting and basic encryption properties to support asynchronous chat.

Terminology

Whisper node: an Ethereum node with Whisper V6 enabled (in the case of geth, it's --shh option)
Whisper network: a group of Whisper nodes connected together through the internet connection and forming a graph
Message: decrypted Whisper message
Offline message: an archived envelope
Envelope: encrypted message with metadata like topic and Time-To-Live

Whisper node configuration

Whisper's Proof Of Work algorithm is used to deter denial of service and various spam/flood attacks against the Whisper network. The sender of a message MUST perform some work which in this case means processing time. Because Status' main client is a mobile client, this easily leads to battery draining and poor performance of the app itself. Hence, all clients MUST use the following Whisper node settings:

proof-of-work not larger than 0.002
time-to-live not lower than 10 (in seconds)

Topics

The Status protocols uses a few particular Whisper topics to achieve its goals.

Contact code topic

Contact code topic is used for ???

It MUST be created following the algorithm below:

contactCode := "0x" + hexEncode(activePublicKey) + "-contact-code"

var hash []byte = keccak256(name)
var topicLen int = 4

if len(hash) < topicLen {
    topicLen = len(hash)
}

var topic [4]byte
for i = 0; i < topicLen; i++ {
    topic[i] = hash[i]
}

Partitioned topic

Whisper is broadcast-based protocol. In theory, everyone could communicate using a single topic but that would be extremaly inefficient. Opposite would be using a unique topic for each conversation, however, this brings privacy concerns because it would be much easier to detect whether and when two parties have an active conversation.

Partitioned topics are used to broadcast private messages efficiently. By selecting a number of topic, it is possible to balance efficiency and privacy.

Currently, the number of partitioned topics is set to 5000. They MUST be generated following the algorithm below:

var partitionsNum *big.Int = big.NewInt(5000)
var partition *big.Int = big.NewInt(0).Mod(publicKey.X, partitionsNum)

partitionTopic := "contact-discovery-" + strconv.FormatInt(partition.Int64(), 10)

var hash []byte = keccak256(partitionTopic)
var topicLen int = 4

if len(hash) < topicLen {
    topicLen = len(hash)
}

var topic [4]byte
for i = 0; i < topicLen; i++ {
    topic[i] = hash[i]
}

If partitioned topic support is enabled by the Status client, it MUST listen to its paritioned topic. It MUST be generated using the algorithm above and active public key.

Public chats

A public chat MUST use a topic derived from a public chat name following the algorithm below:

var hash []byte
hash = keccak256(name)

topicLen = 4
if len(hash) < topicLen {
    topicLen = len(hash)
}

var topic [4]byte
for i = 0; i < topicLen; i++ {
    topic[i] = hash[i]
}

Personal discovery topic

Personal discovery topic is used to ???

A client MUST implement it following the algorithm below:

personalDiscoveryTopic := "contact-discovery-" + hexEncode(publicKey)

var hash []byte = keccak256(personalDiscoveryTopic)
var topicLen int = 4

if len(hash) < topicLen {
    topicLen = len(hash)
}

var topic [4]byte
for i = 0; i < topicLen; i++ {
    topic[i] = hash[i]
}

Each Status Client SHOULD listen to this topic in order to receive ???

Generic discovery topic

Generic discovery topic is a legacy topic used to handle all one-to-one chats. The newer implementation should rely on Partitioned Topic and Personal discovery topic.

Generic discovery topic MUST be created following Public chats topic algorithm using string contact-discovery as a name.

One-to-one topic

In order to receive one-to-one messages incoming from a public key P, the Status Client MUST listen to a Contact Code Topic created for that public key.

Group chat topic

TODO

Message encryption

Even though, the protocol specifies an encryption layer that encrypts messages before passing them to the transport layer, Whisper protocol requires each Whisper message to be encrypted anyway.

Public and group messages are encrypted using symmetric encryption and the key is created from a channel name string. The implementation is available in shh_generateSymKeyFromPassword JSON-RPC method of go-ethereum Whisper implementation.

One-to-one messages are encrypted using asymmetric encryption.

Whisper V6 extensions

Request historic messages

Sends a request for historic messages to a Mailserver. The Mailserver node MUST be a direct peer and MUST be marked a trusted (using shh_markTrustedPeer).

The request does not wait for the response. It marely sends a peer-to-peer message to the Mailserver and it's up to Mailserver to process it and start sending historic messages.

The drawback of this approach is that it is impossible to tell which historic messages are the result of which request.

It's recommended to return messages from newest to oldest. To move further back in time, use cursor and limit.

shhext_requestMessages

Parameters:

Object - The message request object:

mailServerPeer - String: Mailserver's enode address.
from - Number (optional): Lower bound of time range as unix timestamp, default is 24 hours back from now.
to - Number (optional): Upper bound of time range as unix timestamp, default is now.
limit - Number (optional): Limit the number of messages sent back, default is no limit.
cursor - String (optional): Used for paginated requests.
topics - Array: hex-encoded message topics.
symKeyID - String: an ID of a symmetric key to authenticate to Mailserver, derived from Mailserver password.

Returns: Boolean - returns true if the request was sent.

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