react-native/docs/DirectManipulation.md

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It is sometimes necessary to make changes directly to a component without using state/props to trigger a re-render of the entire subtree. When using React in the browser for example, you sometimes need to directly modify a DOM node, and the same is true for views in mobile apps. setNativeProps is the React Native equivalent to setting properties directly on a DOM node.

Use setNativeProps when frequent re-rendering creates a performance bottleneck

Direct manipulation will not be a tool that you reach for frequently; you will typically only be using it for creating continuous animations to avoid the overhead of rendering the component hierarchy and reconciling many views. setNativeProps is imperative and stores state in the native layer (DOM, UIView, etc.) and not within your React components, which makes your code more difficult to reason about. Before you use it, try to solve your problem with setState and shouldComponentUpdate.

setNativeProps with TouchableOpacity

TouchableOpacity uses setNativeProps internally to update the opacity of its child component:

setOpacityTo: function(value) {
  // Redacted: animation related code
  this.refs[CHILD_REF].setNativeProps({
    opacity: value
  });
},

This allows us to write the following code and know that the child will have its opacity updated in response to taps, without the child having any knowledge of that fact or requiring any changes to its implementation:

<TouchableOpacity onPress={this._handlePress}>
  <View style={styles.button}>
    <Text>Press me!</Text>
  </View>
<TouchableOpacity>

Let's imagine that setNativeProps was not available. One way that we might implement it with that constraint is to store the opacity value in the state, then update that value whenever onPress is fired:

getInitialState() {
  return { myButtonOpacity: 1, }
},

render() {
  return (
    <TouchableOpacity onPress={() => this.setState({myButtonOpacity: 0.5})}
                      onPressOut={() => this.setState({myButtonOpacity: 1})}>
      <View style={[styles.button, {opacity: this.state.myButtonOpacity}]}>
        <Text>Press me!</Text>
      </View>
    </TouchableOpacity>
  )
}

This is computationally intensive compared to the original example - React needs to re-render the component hierarchy each time the opacity changes, even though other properties of the view and its children haven't changed. Usually this overhead isn't a concern but when performing continuous animations and responding to gestures, judiciously optimizing your components can improve your animations' fidelity.

If you look at the implementation of setNativeProps in NativeMethodsMixin.js you will notice that it is a wrapper around RCTUIManager.updateView - this is the exact same function call that results from re-rendering - see receiveComponent in ReactNativeBaseComponent.js.

Composite components and setNativeProps

Composite components are not backed by a native view, so you cannot call setNativeProps on them. Consider this example:

var MyButton = React.createClass({
  render() {
    return (
      <View>
        <Text>{this.props.label}</Text>
      </View>
    )
  },
});

var App = React.createClass({
  render() {
    return (
      <TouchableOpacity>
        <MyButton label="Press me!" />
      </TouchableOpacity>
    )
  },
});

Run this example

If you run this you will immediately see this error: Touchable child must either be native or forward setNativeProps to a native component. This occurs because MyButton isn't directly backed by a native view whose opacity should be set. You can think about it like this: if you define a component with React.createClass you would not expect to be able to set a style prop on it and have that work - you would need to pass the style prop down to a child, unless you are wrapping a native component. Similarly, we are going to forward setNativeProps to a native-backed child component.

Forward setNativeProps to a child

All we need to do is provide a setNativeProps method on our component that calls setNativeProps on the appropriate child with the given arguments.

var MyButton = React.createClass({
  setNativeProps(nativeProps) {
    this._root.setNativeProps(nativeProps);
  },

  render() {
    return (
      <View ref={component => this._root = component} {...this.props}>
        <Text>{this.props.label}</Text>
      </View>
    )
  },
});

Run this example

You can now use MyButton inside of TouchableOpacity! A sidenote for clarity: we used the ref callback syntax here, rather than the traditional string-based ref.

You may have noticed that we passed all of the props down to the child view using {...this.props}. The reason for this is that TouchableOpacity is actually a composite component, and so in addition to depending on setNativeProps on its child, it also requires that the child perform touch handling. To dot this, it passes on various props that call back to the TouchableOpacity component. TouchableHighlight, in contrast, is backed by a native view only requires that we implement setNativeProps.

Precomputing style

We learned above that setNativeProps is a wrapper around RCTUIManager.updateView, which is also used internally by React to perform updates on re-render. One important difference is that setNativeProps does not call precomputeStyle, which is done internally by React, and so the transform property will not work if you try to update it manually with setNativeProps. To fix this, you can call precomputeStyle on your object first:

var precomputeStyle = require('precomputeStyle');

var App = React.createClass({
  componentDidMount() {
    var nativeProps = precomputeStyle({transform: [{rotate: '45deg'}]});
    this._root.setNativeProps(nativeProps);
  },

  render() {
    return (
      <View ref={component => this._root = component}
            style={styles.container}>
        <Text>Precompute style!</Text>
      </View>
    )
  },
});

Run this example

setNativeProps to clear TextInput value

Another very common use case of setNativeProps is to clear the value of a TextInput. The controlled prop of TextInput can sometimes drop characters when the bufferDelay is low and the user types very quickly. Some developers prefer to skip this prop entirely and instead use setNativeProps to directly manipulate the TextInput value when necessary. For example, the following code demonstrates clearing the input when you tap a button:

var App = React.createClass({
  clearText() {
    this._textInput.setNativeProps({text: ''});
  },

  render() {
    return (
      <View style={styles.container}>
        <TextInput ref={component => this._textInput = component}
                   style={styles.textInput} />
        <TouchableOpacity onPress={this.clearText}>
          <Text>Clear text</Text>
        </TouchableOpacity>
      </View>
    );
  }
});

Run this example

Avoiding conflicts with the render function

If you update a property that is also managed by the render function, you might end up with some unpredictable and confusing bugs because anytime the component re-renders and that property changes, whatever value was previously set from setNativeProps will be completely ignored and overridden. See this example for a demonstration of what can happen if these two collide - notice the jerky animation each 250ms when setState triggers a re-render.

setNativeProps & shouldComponentUpdate

By intelligently applying shouldComponentUpdate you can avoid the unnecessary overhead involved in reconciling unchanged component subtrees, to the point where it may be performant enough to use setState instead of setNativeProps.