nimbus-eth1/nimbus/rpc/p2p.nim

631 lines
26 KiB
Nim

# Nimbus
# Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Status Research & Development GmbH
# Licensed under either of
# * Apache License, version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE))
# * MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT))
# at your option.
# This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to
# those terms.
import
strutils, times, options,
nimcrypto, json_rpc/rpcserver, hexstrings, stint, byteutils, ranges/typedranges,
eth_common, eth_p2p, eth_keys, eth_trie/db, rlp,
../utils/header, ../transaction, ../config, ../vm_state, ../constants, ../vm_types,
../vm_state_transactions, ../utils/addresses,
../db/[db_chain, state_db, storage_types],
rpc_types, rpc_utils, ../vm/[message, computation, interpreter_dispatch]
#[
Note:
* Hexstring types (HexQuantitySt, HexDataStr, EthAddressStr, EthHashStr)
are parsed to check format before the RPC blocks are executed and will
raise an exception if invalid.
* Many of the RPC calls do not validate hex string types when output, only
type cast to avoid extra processing.
]#
# Work around for https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/8645
proc `%`*(value: Time): JsonNode =
result = %value.toSeconds
template balance(addressDb: ReadOnlyStateDb, address: EthAddress): GasInt =
# TODO: Account balance u256 but GasInt is int64?
addressDb.getBalance(address).truncate(int64)
proc binarySearchGas(vmState: var BaseVMState, transaction: Transaction, sender: EthAddress, gasPrice: GasInt, tolerance = 1): GasInt =
proc dummyComputation(vmState: var BaseVMState, transaction: Transaction, sender: EthAddress): BaseComputation =
# Note that vmState may be altered
setupComputation(
vmState,
transaction,
sender)
proc dummyTransaction(gasLimit, gasPrice: GasInt, destination: EthAddress, value: UInt256): Transaction =
Transaction(
accountNonce: 0.AccountNonce,
gasPrice: gasPrice,
gasLimit: gasLimit,
to: destination,
value: value
)
var
hiGas = vmState.gasLimit
loGas = transaction.intrinsicGas
gasPrice = transaction.gasPrice # TODO: Or zero?
proc tryTransaction(vmState: var BaseVMState, gasLimit: GasInt): bool =
var
spoofTransaction = dummyTransaction(gasLimit, gasPrice, transaction.to, transaction.value)
computation = vmState.dummyComputation(spoofTransaction, sender)
computation.executeOpcodes
if not computation.isError:
return true
if vmState.tryTransaction(loGas):
return loGas
if not vmState.tryTransaction(hiGas):
return 0.GasInt # TODO: Reraise error from computation
var
minVal = vmState.gasLimit
maxVal = transaction.intrinsicGas
while loGas - hiGas > tolerance:
let midPoint = (loGas + hiGas) div 2
if vmState.tryTransaction(midPoint):
minVal = midPoint
else:
maxVal = midPoint
result = minVal
proc setupEthRpc*(node: EthereumNode, chain: BaseChainDB, rpcsrv: RpcServer) =
func getAccountDb(header: BlockHeader): ReadOnlyStateDB =
## Retrieves the account db from canonical head
let vmState = newBaseVMState(header, chain)
result = vmState.readOnlyStateDB()
func accountDbFromTag(tag: string, readOnly = true): ReadOnlyStateDB =
result = getAccountDb(chain.headerFromTag(tag))
proc getBlockBody(hash: KeccakHash): BlockBody =
if not chain.getBlockBody(hash, result):
raise newException(ValueError, "Cannot find hash")
rpcsrv.rpc("net_version") do() -> uint:
let conf = getConfiguration()
result = conf.net.networkId
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_syncing") do() -> JsonNode:
## Returns SyncObject or false when not syncing.
# TODO: Requires PeerPool to check sync state.
# TODO: Use variant objects
var
res: JsonNode
sync: SyncState
if true:
# TODO: Populate sync state, this is a placeholder
sync.startingBlock = GENESIS_BLOCK_NUMBER
sync.currentBlock = chain.getCanonicalHead().blockNumber
sync.highestBlock = chain.getCanonicalHead().blockNumber
result = %sync
else:
result = newJBool(false)
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_coinbase") do() -> EthAddress:
## Returns the current coinbase address.
result = chain.getCanonicalHead().coinbase
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_mining") do() -> bool:
## Returns true if the client is mining, otherwise false.
discard
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_hashrate") do() -> int:
## Returns the number of hashes per second that the node is mining with.
discard
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_gasPrice") do() -> int64:
## Returns an integer of the current gas price in wei.
discard
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_accounts") do() -> seq[EthAddressStr]:
## Returns a list of addresses owned by client.
result = @[]
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_blockNumber") do() -> BlockNumber:
## Returns integer of the current block number the client is on.
result = chain.getCanonicalHead().blockNumber
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getBalance") do(data: EthAddressStr, quantityTag: string) -> UInt256:
## Returns the balance of the account of given address.
##
## data: address to check for balance.
## quantityTag: integer block number, or the string "latest", "earliest" or "pending", see the default block parameter.
## Returns integer of the current balance in wei.
let
accountDb = accountDbFromTag(quantityTag)
addrBytes = data.toAddress
balance = accountDb.getBalance(addrBytes)
result = balance
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getStorageAt") do(data: EthAddressStr, quantity: int, quantityTag: string) -> UInt256:
## Returns the value from a storage position at a given address.
##
## data: address of the storage.
## quantity: integer of the position in the storage.
## quantityTag: integer block number, or the string "latest", "earliest" or "pending", see the default block parameter.
## Returns: the value at this storage position.
let
accountDb = accountDbFromTag(quantityTag)
addrBytes = data.toAddress
storage = accountDb.getStorage(addrBytes, quantity.u256)
if storage[1]:
result = storage[0]
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getTransactionCount") do(data: EthAddressStr, quantityTag: string) -> AccountNonce:
## Returns the number of transactions sent from an address.
##
## data: address.
## quantityTag: integer block number, or the string "latest", "earliest" or "pending", see the default block parameter.
## Returns integer of the number of transactions send from this address.
let
addrBytes = data.toAddress
accountDb = accountDbFromTag(quantityTag)
result = accountDb.getNonce(addrBytes)
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getBlockTransactionCountByHash") do(data: EthHashStr) -> int:
## Returns the number of transactions in a block from a block matching the given block hash.
##
## data: hash of a block
## Returns integer of the number of transactions in this block.
var hashData = data.toHash
result = getBlockBody(hashData).transactions.len
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getBlockTransactionCountByNumber") do(quantityTag: string) -> int:
## Returns the number of transactions in a block matching the given block number.
##
## data: integer of a block number, or the string "earliest", "latest" or "pending", as in the default block parameter.
## Returns integer of the number of transactions in this block.
let header = chain.headerFromTag(quantityTag)
result = getBlockBody(header.hash).transactions.len
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getUncleCountByBlockHash") do(data: EthHashStr) -> int:
## Returns the number of uncles in a block from a block matching the given block hash.
##
## data: hash of a block.
## Returns integer of the number of uncles in this block.
var hashData = data.toHash
result = getBlockBody(hashData).uncles.len
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getUncleCountByBlockNumber") do(quantityTag: string) -> int:
## Returns the number of uncles in a block from a block matching the given block number.
##
## quantityTag: integer of a block number, or the string "latest", "earliest" or "pending", see the default block parameter.
## Returns integer of uncles in this block.
let header = chain.headerFromTag(quantityTag)
result = getBlockBody(header.hash).uncles.len
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getCode") do(data: EthAddressStr, quantityTag: string) -> HexDataStr:
## Returns code at a given address.
##
## data: address
## quantityTag: integer block number, or the string "latest", "earliest" or "pending", see the default block parameter.
## Returns the code from the given address.
let
accountDb = accountDbFromTag(quantityTag)
addrBytes = toAddress(data)
storage = accountDb.getCode(addrBytes)
# Easier to return the string manually here rather than expect ByteRange to be marshalled
result = byteutils.toHex(storage.toOpenArray).HexDataStr
template sign(privateKey: PrivateKey, message: string): string =
# TODO: Is message length encoded as bytes or characters?
let msgData = "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n" & $message.len & message
$signMessage(privateKey, msgData)
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_sign") do(data: EthAddressStr, message: HexDataStr) -> HexDataStr:
## The sign method calculates an Ethereum specific signature with: sign(keccak256("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n" + len(message) + message))).
## By adding a prefix to the message makes the calculated signature recognisable as an Ethereum specific signature.
## This prevents misuse where a malicious DApp can sign arbitrary data (e.g. transaction) and use the signature to impersonate the victim.
## Note the address to sign with must be unlocked.
##
## data: address.
## message: message to sign.
## Returns signature.
let accountDb = getAccountDb(chain.getCanonicalHead())
var privateKey: PrivateKey # TODO: Get from key store
result = ("0x" & sign(privateKey, message.string)).HexDataStr
proc setupTransaction(send: EthSend): Transaction =
let
source = send.source.toAddress
destination = send.to.toAddress
data = send.data.string.fromHex
contractCreation = false # TODO: Check if has code
v = 0.byte # TODO
r = 0.u256
s = 0.u256
result = initTransaction(send.nonce, send.gasPrice, send.gas, destination, send.value, data, v, r, s, contractCreation)
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_sendTransaction") do(obj: EthSend) -> HexDataStr:
## Creates new message call transaction or a contract creation, if the data field contains code.
##
## obj: the transaction object.
## Returns the transaction hash, or the zero hash if the transaction is not yet available.
## Note: Use eth_getTransactionReceipt to get the contract address, after the transaction was mined, when you created a contract.
# TODO: Relies on pending pool implementation
discard
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_sendRawTransaction") do(data: string, quantityTag: int) -> HexDataStr:
## Creates new message call transaction or a contract creation for signed transactions.
##
## data: the signed transaction data.
## Returns the transaction hash, or the zero hash if the transaction is not yet available.
## Note: Use eth_getTransactionReceipt to get the contract address, after the transaction was mined, when you created a contract.
# TODO: Relies on pending pool implementation
discard
proc setupComputation(vmState: BaseVMState, blockNumber: BlockNumber,
value: UInt256, data: seq[byte],
sender, destination: EthAddress,
gasLimit, gasPrice: GasInt): BaseComputation =
let
# Handle optional defaults.
message = newMessage(
gas = gasLimit,
gasPrice = gasPrice,
to = destination,
sender = sender,
value = value,
data = data,
code = vmState.readOnlyStateDB.getCode(destination).toSeq,
options = newMessageOptions(origin = sender,
createAddress = destination))
result = newBaseComputation(vmState, blockNumber, message)
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_call") do(call: EthCall, quantityTag: string) -> HexDataStr:
## Executes a new message call immediately without creating a transaction on the block chain.
##
## call: the transaction call object.
## quantityTag: integer block number, or the string "latest", "earliest" or "pending", see the default block parameter.
## Returns the return value of executed contract.
let header = headerFromTag(chain, quantityTag)
var
vmState = newBaseVMState(header, chain)
gasLimit =
if call.gas.isSome: call.gas.get
else: 0.GasInt
gasPrice =
if call.gasPrice.isSome: call.gasPrice.get
else: 0.GasInt
# Set defaults for gas limit if required
# Price remains zero by default
if gaslimit == 0.GasInt:
gasLimit = header.gasLimit
var
sender = if call.source.isSome: call.source.get.toAddress else: ZERO_ADDRESS
# Note that destination is a required parameter for call.
# In geth if it's zero they use the first wallet address,
# if no wallets, remains as ZERO_ADDRESS
# TODO: Wallets
destination = if call.to.isSome: call.to.get.toAddress else: ZERO_ADDRESS
data = if call.data.isSome: call.data.get.string.fromHex else: @[]
value = if call.value.isSome: call.value.get else: 0.u256
comp = setupComputation(vmState, header.blockNumber, value, data, sender, destination, gasLimit, gasPrice)
discard comp.execComputation
result = ("0x" & nimcrypto.toHex(comp.output)).HexDataStr
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_estimateGas") do(call: EthCall, quantityTag: string) -> GasInt:
## Generates and returns an estimate of how much gas is necessary to allow the transaction to complete.
## The transaction will not be added to the blockchain. Note that the estimate may be significantly more than
## the amount of gas actually used by the transaction, for a variety of reasons including EVM mechanics and node performance.
##
## call: the transaction call object.
## quantityTag: integer block number, or the string "latest", "earliest" or "pending", see the default block parameter.
## Returns the amount of gas used.
var
header = chain.headerFromTag(quantityTag)
vmState = newBaseVMState(header, chain)
let
gasLimit = if
call.gas.isSome and call.gas.get > 0.GasInt: call.gas.get
else: header.gasLimit
gasPrice = if
call.gasPrice.isSome and call.gasPrice.get > 0: call.gasPrice.get
else: 0.GasInt
sender = if
call.source.isSome: call.source.get.toAddress
else: ZERO_ADDRESS
destination = if
call.to.isSome: call.to.get.toAddress
else: ZERO_ADDRESS
curState = vmState.readOnlyStateDb()
nonce = curState.getNonce(sender)
value = if
call.value.isSome: call.value.get
else: 0.u256
transaction = Transaction(
accountNonce: nonce,
gasPrice: gasPrice,
gasLimit: gasLimit,
to: destination,
value: value,
payload: @[]
)
result = vmState.binarySearchGas(transaction, sender, gasPrice)
func populateBlockObject(header: BlockHeader, blockBody: BlockBody): BlockObject =
result.number = some(header.blockNumber)
result.hash = some(header.hash)
result.parentHash = header.parentHash
result.nonce = header.nonce.toUint
# Calculate hash for all uncle headers
var
rawdata = newSeq[byte](blockBody.uncles.len * 32)
startIdx = 0
for i in 0 ..< blockBody.uncles.len:
rawData[startIdx .. startIdx + 32] = blockBody.uncles[i].hash.data
startIdx += 32
result.sha3Uncles = keccak256.digest(rawData)
result.logsBloom = some(header.bloom)
result.transactionsRoot = header.txRoot
result.stateRoot = header.stateRoot
result.receiptsRoot = header.receiptRoot
result.miner = ZERO_ADDRESS # TODO: Get miner address
result.difficulty = header.difficulty
result.totalDifficulty = header.difficulty # TODO: Calculate
result.extraData = header.extraData
result.size = 0 # TODO: Calculate block size
result.gasLimit = header.gasLimit
result.gasUsed = header.gasUsed
result.timestamp = header.timeStamp
result.transactions = blockBody.transactions
result.uncles = @[]
for i in 0 ..< blockBody.uncles.len:
result.uncles[i] = blockBody.uncles[i].hash
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getBlockByHash") do(data: EthHashStr, fullTransactions: bool) -> Option[BlockObject]:
## Returns information about a block by hash.
##
## data: Hash of a block.
## fullTransactions: If true it returns the full transaction objects, if false only the hashes of the transactions.
## Returns BlockObject or nil when no block was found.
let
h = data.toHash
header = chain.getBlockHeader(h)
result = some(populateBlockObject(header, getBlockBody(h)))
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getBlockByNumber") do(quantityTag: string, fullTransactions: bool) -> Option[BlockObject]:
## Returns information about a block by block number.
##
## quantityTag: integer of a block number, or the string "earliest", "latest" or "pending", as in the default block parameter.
## fullTransactions: If true it returns the full transaction objects, if false only the hashes of the transactions.
## Returns BlockObject or nil when no block was found.
let
header = chain.headerFromTag(quantityTag)
result = some(populateBlockObject(header, getBlockBody(header.hash)))
proc populateTransactionObject(transaction: Transaction, txIndex: int64, blockHeader: BlockHeader, blockHash: Hash256): TransactionObject =
let
vmState = newBaseVMState(blockHeader, chain)
accountDb = vmState.readOnlyStateDB()
address = transaction.getSender()
txCount = accountDb.getNonce(address)
txHash = transaction.rlpHash
accountGas = accountDb.balance(address)
result.hash = txHash
result.nonce = txCount
result.blockHash = some(blockHash)
result.blockNumber = some(blockHeader.blockNumber)
result.transactionIndex = some(txIndex)
result.source = transaction.getSender()
result.to = some(transaction.to)
result.value = transaction.value
result.gasPrice = transaction.gasPrice
result.gas = accountGas
result.input = transaction.payload
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getTransactionByHash") do(data: EthHashStr) -> TransactionObject:
## Returns the information about a transaction requested by transaction hash.
##
## data: hash of a transaction.
## Returns requested transaction information.
let
h = data.toHash()
txDetails = chain.getTransactionKey(h)
header = chain.getBlockHeader(txDetails.blockNumber)
blockHash = chain.getBlockHash(txDetails.blockNumber)
transaction = getBlockBody(blockHash).transactions[txDetails.index]
populateTransactionObject(transaction, txDetails.index, header, blockHash)
# TODO: if the requested transaction not in blockchain
# try to look for pending transaction in txpool
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex") do(data: EthHashStr, quantity: int) -> TransactionObject:
## Returns information about a transaction by block hash and transaction index position.
##
## data: hash of a block.
## quantity: integer of the transaction index position.
## Returns requested transaction information.
let
blockHash = data.toHash()
header = chain.getBlockHeader(blockHash)
transaction = getBlockBody(blockHash).transactions[quantity]
populateTransactionObject(transaction, quantity, header, blockHash)
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex") do(quantityTag: string, quantity: int) -> TransactionObject:
## Returns information about a transaction by block number and transaction index position.
##
## quantityTag: a block number, or the string "earliest", "latest" or "pending", as in the default block parameter.
## quantity: the transaction index position.
let
header = chain.headerFromTag(quantityTag)
blockHash = header.hash
transaction = getBlockBody(blockHash).transactions[quantity]
populateTransactionObject(transaction, quantity, header, blockHash)
proc populateReceipt(receipt: Receipt, gasUsed: GasInt, tx: Transaction, txIndex: int, blockHeader: BlockHeader): ReceiptObject =
result.transactionHash = tx.rlpHash
result.transactionIndex = txIndex
result.blockHash = blockHeader.hash
result.blockNumber = blockHeader.blockNumber
result.sender = tx.getSender()
result.to = some(tx.to)
result.cumulativeGasUsed = receipt.cumulativeGasUsed
result.gasUsed = gasUsed
if tx.isContractCreation:
var sender: EthAddress
if tx.getSender(sender):
let contractAddress = generateAddress(sender, tx.accountNonce)
result.contractAddress = some(contractAddress)
else:
assert(false)
else:
result.contractAddress = none(EthAddress)
result.logs = receipt.logs
result.logsBloom = receipt.bloom
# post-transaction stateroot (pre Byzantium).
if receipt.hasStateRoot:
result.root = some(receipt.stateRoot)
else:
# 1 = success, 0 = failure.
result.status = some(receipt.status)
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getTransactionReceipt") do(data: EthHashStr) -> ReceiptObject:
## Returns the receipt of a transaction by transaction hash.
##
## data: hash of a transaction.
## Returns transaction receipt.
let
h = data.toHash
txDetails = chain.getTransactionKey(h)
header = chain.getBlockHeader(txDetails.blockNumber)
body = getBlockBody(header.hash)
var
idx = 0
prevGasUsed = GasInt(0)
for receipt in chain.getReceipts(header):
let gasUsed = receipt.cumulativeGasUsed - prevGasUsed
prevGasUsed = receipt.cumulativeGasUsed
if idx == txDetails.index:
return populateReceipt(receipt, gasUsed, body.transactions[txDetails.index], txDetails.index, header)
idx.inc
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getUncleByBlockHashAndIndex") do(data: EthHashStr, quantity: int) -> Option[BlockObject]:
## Returns information about a uncle of a block by hash and uncle index position.
##
## data: hash of block.
## quantity: the uncle's index position.
## Returns BlockObject or nil when no block was found.
let
blockHash = data.toHash()
body = getBlockBody(blockHash)
if quantity < 0 or quantity >= body.uncles.len:
raise newException(ValueError, "Uncle index out of range")
let uncle = body.uncles[quantity]
result = some(populateBlockObject(uncle, body))
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getUncleByBlockNumberAndIndex") do(quantityTag: string, quantity: int) -> Option[BlockObject]:
# Returns information about a uncle of a block by number and uncle index position.
##
## quantityTag: a block number, or the string "earliest", "latest" or "pending", as in the default block parameter.
## quantity: the uncle's index position.
## Returns BlockObject or nil when no block was found.
let
header = chain.headerFromTag(quantityTag)
body = getBlockBody(header.hash)
if quantity < 0 or quantity >= body.uncles.len:
raise newException(ValueError, "Uncle index out of range")
let uncle = body.uncles[quantity]
result = some(populateBlockObject(uncle, body))
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_newFilter") do(filterOptions: FilterOptions) -> int:
## Creates a filter object, based on filter options, to notify when the state changes (logs).
## To check if the state has changed, call eth_getFilterChanges.
## Topics are order-dependent. A transaction with a log with topics [A, B] will be matched by the following topic filters:
## [] "anything"
## [A] "A in first position (and anything after)"
## [null, B] "anything in first position AND B in second position (and anything after)"
## [A, B] "A in first position AND B in second position (and anything after)"
## [[A, B], [A, B]] "(A OR B) in first position AND (A OR B) in second position (and anything after)"
##
## filterOptions: settings for this filter.
## Returns integer filter id.
discard
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_newBlockFilter") do() -> int:
## Creates a filter in the node, to notify when a new block arrives.
## To check if the state has changed, call eth_getFilterChanges.
##
## Returns integer filter id.
discard
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_newPendingTransactionFilter") do() -> int:
## Creates a filter in the node, to notify when a new block arrives.
## To check if the state has changed, call eth_getFilterChanges.
##
## Returns integer filter id.
discard
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_uninstallFilter") do(filterId: int) -> bool:
## Uninstalls a filter with given id. Should always be called when watch is no longer needed.
## Additonally Filters timeout when they aren't requested with eth_getFilterChanges for a period of time.
##
## filterId: The filter id.
## Returns true if the filter was successfully uninstalled, otherwise false.
discard
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getFilterChanges") do(filterId: int) -> seq[FilterLog]:
## Polling method for a filter, which returns an list of logs which occurred since last poll.
##
## filterId: the filter id.
result = @[]
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getFilterLogs") do(filterId: int) -> seq[FilterLog]:
## filterId: the filter id.
## Returns a list of all logs matching filter with given id.
result = @[]
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getLogs") do(filterOptions: FilterOptions) -> seq[FilterLog]:
## filterOptions: settings for this filter.
## Returns a list of all logs matching a given filter object.
result = @[]
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_getWork") do() -> array[3, UInt256]:
## Returns the hash of the current block, the seedHash, and the boundary condition to be met ("target").
## Returned list has the following properties:
## DATA, 32 Bytes - current block header pow-hash.
## DATA, 32 Bytes - the seed hash used for the DAG.
## DATA, 32 Bytes - the boundary condition ("target"), 2^256 / difficulty.
discard
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_submitWork") do(nonce: int64, powHash: HexDataStr, mixDigest: HexDataStr) -> bool:
## Used for submitting a proof-of-work solution.
##
## nonce: the nonce found.
## headerPow: the header's pow-hash.
## mixDigest: the mix digest.
## Returns true if the provided solution is valid, otherwise false.
discard
rpcsrv.rpc("eth_submitHashrate") do(hashRate: HexDataStr, id: HexDataStr) -> bool:
## Used for submitting mining hashrate.
##
## hashRate: a hexadecimal string representation (32 bytes) of the hash rate.
## id: a random hexadecimal(32 bytes) ID identifying the client.
## Returns true if submitting went through succesfully and false otherwise.
discard