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go-waku/docs/tutorials/onchain-rln-relay-chat2.md

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Spam-protected chat2 application with on-chain group management

This document is a tutorial on how to run the chat2 application in the spam-protected mode using the Waku-RLN-Relay protocol and with dynamic/on-chain group management. In the on-chain/dynamic group management, the state of the group members i.e., their identity commitment keys is moderated via a membership smart contract deployed on the Sepolia network which is one of the Ethereum testnets. Members can be dynamically added to the group and the group size can grow up to 2^20 members. This differs from the prior test scenarios in which the RLN group was static and the set of members' keys was hardcoded and fixed.

Prerequisites

To complete this tutorial, you will need

  1. An rln keystore file with credentials to the rln membership smart contract you wish to use. You may obtain this by registering to the smart contract and generating a keystore. It is possible to use go-waku to register into the smart contract:
make
./build/waku generate-rln-credentials --eth-account-private-key=<private-key> --eth-contract-address=<0x000...> --eth-client-address=<eth-client-rpc-or-wss-endpoint> --cred-path=rlnKeystore.json

Overview

Figure 1 provides an overview of the interaction of the chat2 clients with the test fleets and the membership contract. At a high level, when a chat2 client is run with Waku-RLN-Relay mounted in on-chain mode, the passed in credential will get displayed on the console of your chat2 client. You may copy the displayed RLN credential and reuse them for the future execution of the chat2 application. Proper instructions in this regard is provided in the following section. Under the hood, the chat2 client constantly listens to the membership contract and keeps itself updated with the latest state of the group.

In the following test setting, the chat2 clients are to be connected to the Waku test fleets as their first hop. The test fleets will act as routers and are also set to run Waku-RLN-Relay over the same pubsub topic and content topic as chat2 clients i.e., the default pubsub topic of /waku/2/default-waku/proto and the content topic of /toy-chat/3/mingde/proto. Spam messages published on the said combination of topics will be caught by the test fleet nodes and will not be routed. Note that spam protection does not rely on the presence of the test fleets. In fact, all the chat2 clients are also capable of catching and dropping spam messages if they receive any. You can test it by connecting two chat2 clients (running Waku-RLN-Relay) directly to each other and see if they can spot each other's spam activities.

Figure 1.

Set up

Prerequisites

  1. Install Go language, by following the instructions from https://go.dev/doc/install and a C compiler (If using a debian based distro, you can run apt install build-essential)

  2. Clone the repository

git clone https://github.com/waku-org/go-waku
cd go-waku

Build chat2

make chat2

Set up a chat2 client

Run the following command to set up your chat2 client.

./build/chat2 --fleet=test \
--content-topic=/toy-chat/3/mingde/proto \
--rln-relay=true \
--rln-relay-dynamic=true \
--rln-relay-eth-contract-address=0x9C09146844C1326c2dBC41c451766C7138F88155 \
--rln-relay-cred-path=xxx/xx/rlnKeystore.json \
--rln-relay-cred-password=xxxx \
--rln-relay-eth-client-address=xxxx

In this command

  • the --fleet=test indicates that the chat2 app gets connected to the test fleets.
  • the toy-chat/3/mingde/proto passed to the --content-topic option indicates the content topic on which the chat2 application is going to run.
  • the --rln-relay flag is set to true to enable the Waku-RLN-Relay protocol for spam protection.
  • the --rln-relay-dynamic flag is set to true to enable the on-chain mode of Waku-RLN-Relay protocol with dynamic group management.
  • the --rln-relay-eth-contract-address option gets the address of the membership contract. The current address of the contract is 0x9C09146844C1326c2dBC41c451766C7138F88155. You may check the state of the contract on the Sepolia testnet.
  • the --rln-relay-cred-path option denotes the path to the keystore file described above
  • the --rln-relay-cred-password option denotes the password to the keystore
  • the rln-relay-eth-client-address is the WebSocket address of the hosted node on the Sepolia testnet. You need to replace the xxxx with the actual node's address.

For --rln-relay-eth-client-address, if you do not know how to obtain it, you may use the following tutorial on the prerequisites of running on-chain spam-protected chat2.

You may set up more than one chat client, using the --rln-relay-cred-path flag, specifying in each client a different path to store the credentials.

Once you run the command, you will see the following message:

Setting up dynamic rln...

At this phase, RLN is being setup by obtaining the membership information from the smart contract. Afterwards, messages related to setting up the connections of your chat app will be shown, the content may differ on your screen though:

INFO: Welcome, Anonymous!
INFO: type /help to see available commands 

INFO Listening on 
  - /ip4/75.157.120.249/tcp/60001/p2p/16Uiu2HAmQXuZmbjFWGagthwVsPFrc5ZrZ9c53qdUA45TWoZaokQn

The registered RLN identity key, the RLN identity commitment key, and the index of the registered credential will be displayed as given below. The RLN identity key is not shown in the figure (replaced by a string of xs) for security reasons. But, you will see your RLN identity key.

INFO: RLN config:
- Your membership index is: 63
- Your RLN identity key is: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
- Your RLN identity commitment key is: 6c6598126ba10d1b70100893b76d7f8d7343eeb8f5ecfd48371b421c5aa6f012

INFO: attempting DNS discovery with enrtree://ANTL4SLG2COUILKAPE7EF2BYNL2SHSHVCHLRD5J7ZJLN5R3PRJD2Y@prod.waku.nodes.status.im
INFO: Discovered and connecting to [/dns4/node-01.gc-us-central1-a.wakuv2.prod.statusim.net/tcp/8000/wss/p2p/16Uiu2HAmVkKntsECaYfefR1V2yCR79CegLATuTPE6B9TxgxBiiiA /dns4/node-01.ac-cn-hongkong- c.wakuv2.prod.statusim.net/tcp/8000/wss/p2p/16Uiu2HAm4v86W3bmT1BiH6oSPzcsSr24iDQpSN5Qa992BCjjwgrD /dns4/node-01.do-ams3.wakuv2.prod.statusim.net/tcp/8000/wss/p2p/16Uiu2HAmL5okWopX7NqZWBUKVqW8iUxCEmd5GMHLVPwCgzYzQv3e]
INFO: Connected to 16Uiu2HAmVkKntsECaYfefR1V2yCR79CegLATuTPE6B9TxgxBiiiA
INFO: Connected to 16Uiu2HAmL5okWopX7NqZWBUKVqW8iUxCEmd5GMHLVPwCgzYzQv3e
INFO: Connected to 16Uiu2HAm4v86W3bmT1BiH6oSPzcsSr24iDQpSN5Qa992BCjjwgrD
INFO: No store node configured. Choosing one at random...

You will also see some historical messages being fetched, again the content may be different on your end:

[Jul 26 10:41 Bob] hi
[Jul 26 10:41 Bob] hi
[Jun 29 16:21 Alice] spam1
[Jun 29 16:21 Alice] hiiii
[Jun 29 16:21 Alice] hello
[Jun 29 16:19 Bob] hi
[Jun 29 16:19 Bob] hi
[Jun 29 16:19 Alice] hi
[Jun 29 16:15 b] hi
[Jun 29 16:15 h] hi
...

Finally, the chat prompt Send a message... will appear which means your chat2 client is ready. Once you type a chat line and hit enter, you will see a message that indicates the epoch at which the message is sent e.g.,

INFO: RLN Epoch: 165886530

[Jul 26 12:55 Anonymous] Hi

The numerical value 165886530 indicates the epoch of the message Hi. You will see a different value than 165886530 on your screen. If two messages sent by the same chat2 client happen to have the same RLN epoch value, then one of them will be detected as spam and won't be routed (by test fleets in this test setting). You'll also see a ERROR: validation failed message At the time of this tutorial, the epoch duration is set to 10 seconds. You can inspect the current epoch value by checking the following constant variable in the go-rln codebase. Thus, if you send two messages less than 10 seconds apart, they are likely to get the same rln epoch values.

After sending a chat message, you may experience some delay before the next chat prompt appears. The reason is that under the hood a zero-knowledge proof is being generated and attached to your message.

Try to spam the network by violating the message rate limit i.e., sending more than one message per epoch. Your messages will be routed via test fleets that are running in spam-protected mode over the same content topic i.e., /toy-chat/3/mingde/proto as your chat client. Your spam activity will be detected by them and your message will not reach the rest of the chat clients. You can check this by running a second chat user and verifying that spam messages are not displayed as they are filtered by the test fleets. Furthermore, the chat client will prompt you with the following warning message indicating that the message rate is being violated:

ERROR: message rate violation!

A sample test scenario is illustrated in the Sample test output section.

Once you are done with the test, make sure you close all the chat2 clients by typing the /exit command.

>> /exit
Bye!

How to reuse RLN credential

You may pass the --rln-relay-cred-path config option to specify a path to a file for retrieving persisted RLN credentials. If the keystore exists in the path provided, it is used, and will default to the 0th element in the credential array. If the keystore does not exist in the path provided, a new keystore will be created and added to the directory it was supposed to be in.

You may provide an index to the credential you wish to use by passing the --rln-relay-cred-index config option.

You may provide an index to the membership you wish to use (within the same membership set) by passing the --rln-relay-membership-group-index config option.

./build/chat2  --fleet=test \
--content-topic=/toy-chat/3/mingde/proto \
--rln-relay=true \
--rln-relay-dynamic=true \
--rln-relay-eth-contract-address=0x9C09146844C1326c2dBC41c451766C7138F88155 \
--rln-relay-eth-client-address=your_sepolia_node \
--rln-relay-cred-path=./rlnKeystore.json \
--rln-relay-cred-password=your_password \
--rln-relay-membership-index=0 \
--rln-relay-membership-group-index=0

Sample test output

In this section, a sample test of running two chat clients is provided. Note that the value used for --rln-relay-eth-client-address in the following code snippets is junk and not valid.

The two chat clients namely Alice and Bob are connected to the test fleets. Alice sends 4 messages i.e., message1, message2, message3, and message4. However, only three of them reach Bob. This is because the two messages message2 and message3 have identical RLN epoch values, so, one of them gets discarded by the test fleets as a spam message. The test fleets do not relay message3 further, hence Bob never receives it. You can check this fact by looking at Bob's console, where message3 is missing.

Alice

./build/chat2 --fleet=test --content-topic=/toy-chat/3/mingde/proto --rln-relay=true --rln-relay-dynamic=true --rln-relay-eth-contract-address=0x9C09146844C1326c2dBC41c451766C7138F88155 --rln-relay-cred-path=rlnKeystore.json --rln-relay-cred-password=password --rln-relay-eth-client-address=wss://sepolia.infura.io/ws/v3/12345678901234567890123456789012 --nickname=Alice

Seting up dynamic rln
INFO: Welcome, Alice!
INFO: type /help to see available commands

INFO Listening on 
  - /ip4/75.157.120.249/tcp/60001/p2p/16Uiu2HAmQXuZmbjFWGagthwVsPFrc5ZrZ9c53qdUA45TWoZaokQn

INFO: RLN config:
  - Your membership index is: 64
  - Your rln identity key is: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
  - Your rln identity commitment key is: bd093cbf14fb933d53f596c33f98b3df83b7e9f7a1906cf4355fac712077cb28

INFO: attempting DNS discovery with enrtree://ANTL4SLG2COUILKAPE7EF2BYNL2SHSHVCHLRD5J7ZJLN5R3PRJD2Y@prod.waku.nodes.status.im
INFO: Discovered and connecting to [/dns4/node-01.gc-us-central1-a.wakuv2.prod.statusim.net/tcp/8000/wss/p2p/16Uiu2HAmVkKntsECaYfefR1V2yCR79CegLATuTPE6B9TxgxBiiiA /dns4/node-01.ac-cn-hongkong- c.wakuv2.prod.statusim.net/tcp/8000/wss/p2p/16Uiu2HAm4v86W3bmT1BiH6oSPzcsSr24iDQpSN5Qa992BCjjwgrD /dns4/node-01.do-ams3.wakuv2.prod.statusim.net/tcp/8000/wss/p2p/16Uiu2HAmL5okWopX7NqZWBUKVqW8iUxCEmd5GMHLVPwCgzYzQv3e]
INFO: Connected to 16Uiu2HAmVkKntsECaYfefR1V2yCR79CegLATuTPE6B9TxgxBiiiA
INFO: Connected to 16Uiu2HAmL5okWopX7NqZWBUKVqW8iUxCEmd5GMHLVPwCgzYzQv3e
INFO: Connected to 16Uiu2HAm4v86W3bmT1BiH6oSPzcsSr24iDQpSN5Qa992BCjjwgrD
INFO: No store node configured. Choosing one at random...

>> message1

INFO RLN Epoch: 165886591

[Jul 26 13:05 Alice] message1

>> message2

INFO RLN Epoch: 165886592

[Jul 26 13:05 Alice] message2

>> message3

INFO RLN Epoch: 165886592
ERROR: validation failed

>> message4

INFO RLN Epoch: 165886593

[Jul 26 13:05 Alice] message4
>>

Bob

./build/chat2 --fleet=test --content-topic=/toy-chat/3/mingde/proto --rln-relay=true --rln-relay-dynamic=true --rln-relay-eth-contract-address=0x9C09146844C1326c2dBC41c451766C7138F88155 --rln-relay-cred-path=rlnKeystore.json --rln-relay-cred-index=1 --rln-relay-cred-password=password --rln-relay-eth-client-address=wss://sepolia.infura.io/ws/v3/12345678901234567890123456789012 --nickname=Bob

Seting up dynamic rln
INFO: Welcome, Bob!
INFO: type /help to see available commands

INFO Listening on 
  - /ip4/75.157.120.249/tcp/60001/p2p/16Uiu2HAmQXuZmbjFWGagthwVsPFrc5ZrZ9c53qdUA45TWoZaokQn

INFO: RLN config:
  - Your membership index is: 65
  - Your rln identity key is: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
  - Your rln identity commitment key is: bd093cbf14fb933d53f596c33f98b3df83b7e9f7a1906cf4355fac712077cb28

INFO: attempting DNS discovery with enrtree://ANTL4SLG2COUILKAPE7EF2BYNL2SHSHVCHLRD5J7ZJLN5R3PRJD2Y@prod.waku.nodes.status.im
INFO: Discovered and connecting to [/dns4/node-01.gc-us-central1-a.wakuv2.prod.statusim.net/tcp/8000/wss/p2p/16Uiu2HAmVkKntsECaYfefR1V2yCR79CegLATuTPE6B9TxgxBiiiA /dns4/node-01.ac-cn-hongkong- c.wakuv2.prod.statusim.net/tcp/8000/wss/p2p/16Uiu2HAm4v86W3bmT1BiH6oSPzcsSr24iDQpSN5Qa992BCjjwgrD /dns4/node-01.do-ams3.wakuv2.prod.statusim.net/tcp/8000/wss/p2p/16Uiu2HAmL5okWopX7NqZWBUKVqW8iUxCEmd5GMHLVPwCgzYzQv3e]
INFO: Connected to 16Uiu2HAmVkKntsECaYfefR1V2yCR79CegLATuTPE6B9TxgxBiiiA
INFO: Connected to 16Uiu2HAmL5okWopX7NqZWBUKVqW8iUxCEmd5GMHLVPwCgzYzQv3e
INFO: Connected to 16Uiu2HAm4v86W3bmT1BiH6oSPzcsSr24iDQpSN5Qa992BCjjwgrD
INFO: No store node configured. Choosing one at random...

[Jul 26 13:05 Alice] message1
[Jul 26 13:05 Alice] message2
[Jul 26 13:05 Alice] message4