Merge pull request #1686 from ethereum/v011x

Release `v0.11.1` to master

Makefile

@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@ test: pyspec
 	. venv/bin/activate; cd $(PY_SPEC_DIR); \
 	python -m pytest -n 4 --cov=eth2spec.phase0.spec --cov=eth2spec.phase1.spec --cov-report="html:$(COV_HTML_OUT)" --cov-branch eth2spec
 
+find_test: pyspec
+	. venv/bin/activate; cd $(PY_SPEC_DIR); \
+	python -m pytest -k=$(K) --cov=eth2spec.phase0.spec --cov=eth2spec.phase1.spec --cov-report="html:$(COV_HTML_OUT)" --cov-branch eth2spec
+
 citest: pyspec
 	mkdir -p tests/core/pyspec/test-reports/eth2spec; . venv/bin/activate; cd $(PY_SPEC_DIR); \
 	python -m pytest -n 4 --junitxml=eth2spec/test_results.xml eth2spec

setup.py

@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ from dataclasses import (
     field,
 )
 
+from lru import LRU
+
 from eth2spec.utils.ssz.ssz_impl import hash_tree_root
 from eth2spec.utils.ssz.ssz_typing import (
     View, boolean, Container, List, Vector, uint64,
@@ -114,6 +116,8 @@ from dataclasses import (
     field,
 )
 
+from lru import LRU
+
 from eth2spec.utils.ssz.ssz_impl import hash_tree_root
 from eth2spec.utils.ssz.ssz_typing import (
     View, boolean, Container, List, Vector, uint64, uint8, bit,
@@ -152,8 +156,8 @@ def hash(x: bytes) -> Bytes32:  # type: ignore
     return hash_cache[x]
 
 
-def cache_this(key_fn, value_fn):  # type: ignore
+def cache_this(key_fn, value_fn, lru_size):  # type: ignore
-    cache_dict = {}  # type: ignore
+    cache_dict = LRU(size=lru_size)
 
     def wrapper(*args, **kw):  # type: ignore
         key = key_fn(*args, **kw)
@@ -164,35 +168,50 @@ def cache_this(key_fn, value_fn):  # type: ignore
     return wrapper
 
 
+_compute_shuffled_index = compute_shuffled_index
+compute_shuffled_index = cache_this(
+    lambda index, index_count, seed: (index, index_count, seed),
+    _compute_shuffled_index, lru_size=SLOTS_PER_EPOCH * 3)
+
+_get_total_active_balance = get_total_active_balance
+get_total_active_balance = cache_this(
+    lambda state: (state.validators.hash_tree_root(), compute_epoch_at_slot(state.slot)),
+    _get_total_active_balance, lru_size=10)
+
 _get_base_reward = get_base_reward
 get_base_reward = cache_this(
-    lambda state, index: (state.validators.hash_tree_root(), state.slot),
+    lambda state, index: (state.validators.hash_tree_root(), state.slot, index),
-    _get_base_reward)
+    _get_base_reward, lru_size=2048)
 
 _get_committee_count_at_slot = get_committee_count_at_slot
 get_committee_count_at_slot = cache_this(
     lambda state, epoch: (state.validators.hash_tree_root(), epoch),
-    _get_committee_count_at_slot)
+    _get_committee_count_at_slot, lru_size=SLOTS_PER_EPOCH * 3)
 
 _get_active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices
 get_active_validator_indices = cache_this(
     lambda state, epoch: (state.validators.hash_tree_root(), epoch),
-    _get_active_validator_indices)
+    _get_active_validator_indices, lru_size=3)
 
 _get_beacon_committee = get_beacon_committee
 get_beacon_committee = cache_this(
     lambda state, slot, index: (state.validators.hash_tree_root(), state.randao_mixes.hash_tree_root(), slot, index),
-    _get_beacon_committee)
+    _get_beacon_committee, lru_size=SLOTS_PER_EPOCH * MAX_COMMITTEES_PER_SLOT * 3)
 
 _get_matching_target_attestations = get_matching_target_attestations
 get_matching_target_attestations = cache_this(
     lambda state, epoch: (state.hash_tree_root(), epoch),
-    _get_matching_target_attestations)
+    _get_matching_target_attestations, lru_size=10)
 
 _get_matching_head_attestations = get_matching_head_attestations
 get_matching_head_attestations = cache_this(
     lambda state, epoch: (state.hash_tree_root(), epoch),
-    _get_matching_head_attestations)'''
+    _get_matching_head_attestations, lru_size=10)
+
+_get_attesting_indices = get_attesting_indices
+get_attesting_indices = cache_this(
+    lambda state, data, bits: (state.validators.hash_tree_root(), data.hash_tree_root(), bits.hash_tree_root()),
+    _get_attesting_indices, lru_size=SLOTS_PER_EPOCH * MAX_COMMITTEES_PER_SLOT * 3)'''
 
 
 def objects_to_spec(spec_object: SpecObject, imports: str, fork: str) -> str:
@@ -481,6 +500,7 @@ setup(
         "py_ecc==2.0.0",
         "dataclasses==0.6",
         "remerkleable==0.1.12",
-        "ruamel.yaml==0.16.5"
+        "ruamel.yaml==0.16.5",
+        "lru-dict==1.1.6"
     ]
 )

specs/phase0/beacon-chain.md

@@ -996,10 +996,11 @@ def get_beacon_proposer_index(state: BeaconState) -> ValidatorIndex:
 ```python
 def get_total_balance(state: BeaconState, indices: Set[ValidatorIndex]) -> Gwei:
     """
-    Return the combined effective balance of the ``indices``. (1 Gwei minimum to avoid divisions by zero.)
+    Return the combined effective balance of the ``indices``.
+    ``EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT`` Gwei minimum to avoid divisions by zero.
     Math safe up to ~10B ETH, afterwhich this overflows uint64.
     """
-    return Gwei(max(1, sum([state.validators[index].effective_balance for index in indices])))
+    return Gwei(max(EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT, sum([state.validators[index].effective_balance for index in indices])))
 ```
 
 #### `get_total_active_balance`
@@ -1008,6 +1009,7 @@ def get_total_balance(state: BeaconState, indices: Set[ValidatorIndex]) -> Gwei:
 def get_total_active_balance(state: BeaconState) -> Gwei:
     """
     Return the combined effective balance of the active validators.
+    Note: ``get_total_balance`` returns ``EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT`` Gwei minimum to avoid divisions by zero.
     """
     return get_total_balance(state, set(get_active_validator_indices(state, get_current_epoch(state))))
 ```
@@ -1289,6 +1291,10 @@ def get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state: BeaconState,
 
 ```python
 def get_attesting_balance(state: BeaconState, attestations: Sequence[PendingAttestation]) -> Gwei:
+    """
+    Return the combined effective balance of the set of unslashed validators participating in ``attestations``.
+    Note: ``get_total_balance`` returns ``EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT`` Gwei minimum to avoid divisions by zero.
+    """
     return get_total_balance(state, get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state, attestations))
 ```
 
@@ -1366,7 +1372,7 @@ def get_attestation_deltas(state: BeaconState) -> Tuple[Sequence[Gwei], Sequence
             if index in unslashed_attesting_indices:
                 increment = EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT  # Factored out from balance totals to avoid uint64 overflow
                 reward_numerator = get_base_reward(state, index) * (attesting_balance // increment)
-                rewards[index] = reward_numerator // (total_balance // increment)
+                rewards[index] += reward_numerator // (total_balance // increment)
             else:
                 penalties[index] += get_base_reward(state, index)
 

specs/phase0/p2p-interface.md

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ It consists of four main sections:
   - [Multiplexing](#multiplexing)
 - [Eth2 network interaction domains](#eth2-network-interaction-domains)
   - [Configuration](#configuration)
+  - [MetaData](#metadata)
   - [The gossip domain: gossipsub](#the-gossip-domain-gossipsub)
     - [Topics and messages](#topics-and-messages)
       - [Global topics](#global-topics)
@@ -49,6 +50,8 @@ It consists of four main sections:
       - [Goodbye](#goodbye)
       - [BeaconBlocksByRange](#beaconblocksbyrange)
       - [BeaconBlocksByRoot](#beaconblocksbyroot)
+      - [Ping](#ping)
+      - [GetMetaData](#getmetadata)
   - [The discovery domain: discv5](#the-discovery-domain-discv5)
     - [Integration into libp2p stacks](#integration-into-libp2p-stacks)
     - [ENR structure](#enr-structure)
@@ -157,8 +160,7 @@ The following SecIO parameters MUST be supported by all stacks:
 The [Libp2p-noise](https://github.com/libp2p/specs/tree/master/noise) secure
 channel handshake with `secp256k1` identities will be used for mainnet.
 
-As specified in the libp2p specification, clients MUST support the `XX` handshake pattern and
+As specified in the libp2p specification, clients MUST support the `XX` handshake pattern.
-can optionally implement the `IK` and `XXfallback` patterns for optimistic 0-RTT.
 
 ## Protocol Negotiation
 
@@ -196,6 +198,24 @@ This section outlines constants that are used in this spec.
 | `ATTESTATION_PROPAGATION_SLOT_RANGE` | `32` | The maximum number of slots during which an attestation can be propagated. |
 | `MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY` | `500ms` | The maximum milliseconds of clock disparity assumed between honest nodes. |
 
+## MetaData
+
+Clients MUST locally store the following `MetaData`:
+
+```
+(
+  seq_number: uint64
+  attnets: Bitvector[ATTESTATION_SUBNET_COUNT]
+)
+```
+
+Where
+
+- `seq_number` is a `uint64` starting at `0` used to version the node's metadata. If any other field in the local `MetaData` changes, the node MUST increment `seq_number` by 1.
+- `attnets` is a `Bitvector` representing the node's persistent attestation subnet subscriptions.
+
+*Note*: `MetaData.seq_number` is used for versioning of the node's metadata, is entirely independent of the ENR sequence number, and will in most cases be out of sync with the ENR sequence number.
+
 ## The gossip domain: gossipsub
 
 Clients MUST support the [gossipsub](https://github.com/libp2p/specs/tree/master/pubsub/gossipsub) libp2p protocol.
@@ -260,9 +280,10 @@ There are two primary global topics used to propagate beacon blocks and aggregat
 
 - `beacon_block` - This topic is used solely for propagating new signed beacon blocks to all nodes on the networks. Signed blocks are sent in their entirety. The following validations MUST pass before forwarding the `signed_beacon_block` on the network
     - The block is not from a future slot (with a `MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY` allowance) -- i.e. validate that `signed_beacon_block.message.slot <= current_slot` (a client MAY queue future blocks for processing at the appropriate slot).
-    - The block is from a slot greater than the latest finalized slot (with a `MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY` allowance) -- i.e. validate that `signed_beacon_block.message.slot > compute_start_slot_at_epoch(state.finalized_checkpoint.epoch)` (a client MAY choose to validate and store such blocks for additional purposes -- e.g. slashing detection, archive nodes, etc).
+    - The block is from a slot greater than the latest finalized slot -- i.e. validate that `signed_beacon_block.message.slot > compute_start_slot_at_epoch(state.finalized_checkpoint.epoch)` (a client MAY choose to validate and store such blocks for additional purposes -- e.g. slashing detection, archive nodes, etc).
     - The block is the first block with valid signature received for the proposer for the slot, `signed_beacon_block.message.slot`.
-    - The proposer signature, `signed_beacon_block.signature`, is valid.
+    - The proposer signature, `signed_beacon_block.signature`, is valid with respect to the `proposer_index` pubkey.
+    - The block is proposed by the expected `proposer_index` for the block's slot in the context of the current shuffling (defined by `parent_root`/`slot`). If the `proposer_index` cannot immediately be verified against the expected shuffling, the block MAY be queued for later processing while proposers for the block's branch are calculated.
 - `beacon_aggregate_and_proof` - This topic is used to propagate aggregated attestations (as `SignedAggregateAndProof`s) to subscribing nodes (typically validators) to be included in future blocks. The following validations MUST pass before forwarding the `signed_aggregate_and_proof` on the network. (We define the following for convenience -- `aggregate_and_proof = signed_aggregate_and_proof.message` and `aggregate = aggregate_and_proof.aggregate`)
     - `aggregate.data.slot` is within the last `ATTESTATION_PROPAGATION_SLOT_RANGE` slots (with a `MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY` allowance) -- i.e. `aggregate.data.slot + ATTESTATION_PROPAGATION_SLOT_RANGE >= current_slot >= aggregate.data.slot` (a client MAY queue future aggregates for processing at the appropriate slot).
     - The aggregate attestation defined by `hash_tree_root(aggregate)` has _not_ already been seen (via aggregate gossip, within a block, or through the creation of an equivalent aggregate locally).
@@ -601,6 +622,60 @@ Clients MUST support requesting blocks since the latest finalized epoch.
 
 Clients MUST respond with at least one block, if they have it. Clients MAY limit the number of blocks in the response.
 
+#### Ping
+
+**Protocol ID:** `/eth2/beacon_chain/req/ping/1/`
+
+Request Content:
+
+```
+(
+  uint64
+)
+```
+
+Response Content:
+
+```
+(
+  uint64
+)
+```
+
+Sent intermittently, the `Ping` protocol checks liveness of connected peers.
+Peers request and respond with their local metadata sequence number (`MetaData.seq_number`).
+
+If the peer does not respond to the `Ping` request, the client MAY disconnect from the peer.
+
+A client can then determine if their local record of a peer's MetaData is up to date
+and MAY request an updated version via the `MetaData` RPC method if not.
+
+The request MUST be encoded as an SSZ-field.
+
+The response MUST consist of a single `response_chunk`.
+
+#### GetMetaData
+
+**Protocol ID:** `/eth2/beacon_chain/req/metadata/1/`
+
+No Request Content.
+
+Response Content:
+
+```
+(
+  MetaData
+)
+```
+
+Requests the MetaData of a peer. The request opens and negotiates the stream without
+sending any request content. Once established the receiving peer responds with
+it's local most up-to-date MetaData.
+
+The response MUST be encoded as an SSZ-container.
+
+The response MUST consist of a single `response_chunk`.
+
 ## The discovery domain: discv5
 
 Discovery Version 5 ([discv5](https://github.com/ethereum/devp2p/blob/master/discv5/discv5.md)) is used for peer discovery, both in the interoperability testnet and mainnet.
@@ -622,6 +697,9 @@ This integration enables the libp2p stack to subsequently form connections and s
 The Ethereum Node Record (ENR) for an Ethereum 2.0 client MUST contain the following entries (exclusive of the sequence number and signature, which MUST be present in an ENR):
 
 -  The compressed secp256k1 publickey, 33 bytes (`secp256k1` field).
+
+The ENR MAY contain the following entries:
+
 -  An IPv4 address (`ip` field) and/or IPv6 address (`ip6` field).
 -  A TCP port (`tcp` field) representing the local libp2p listening port.
 -  A UDP port (`udp` field) representing the local discv5 listening port.
@@ -630,12 +708,16 @@ Specifications of these parameters can be found in the [ENR Specification](http:
 
 #### Attestation subnet bitfield
 
-The ENR MAY contain an entry (`attnets`) signifying the attestation subnet bitfield with the following form to more easily discover peers participating in particular attestation gossip subnets.
+The ENR `attnets` entry signifies the attestation subnet bitfield with the following form to more easily discover peers participating in particular attestation gossip subnets.
 
 | Key          | Value                                            |
 |:-------------|:-------------------------------------------------|
 | `attnets`    | SSZ `Bitvector[ATTESTATION_SUBNET_COUNT]`        |
 
+If a node's `MetaData.attnets` has any non-zero bit, the ENR MUST include the `attnets` entry with the same value as `MetaData.attnets`.
+
+If a node's `MetaData.attnets` is composed of all zeros, the ENR MAY optionally include the `attnets` entry or leave it out entirely.
+
 #### Interop
 
 In the interoperability testnet, all peers will support all capabilities defined in this document (gossip, full Req/Resp suite, discovery protocol), therefore the ENR record does not need to carry Eth2 capability information, as it would be superfluous.

specs/phase0/validator.md

@@ -200,9 +200,11 @@ The beacon chain shufflings are designed to provide a minimum of 1 epoch lookahe
 
 Specifically a validator should:
 * Call `get_committee_assignment(state, next_epoch, validator_index)` when checking for next epoch assignments.
-* Join the pubsub topic -- `committee_index{committee_index % ATTESTATION_SUBNET_COUNT}_beacon_attestation`.
+* Find peers of the pubsub topic `committee_index{committee_index % ATTESTATION_SUBNET_COUNT}_beacon_attestation`.
-    * For any current peer subscribed to the topic, the validator simply sends a `subscribe` message for the new topic.
+    * If an _insufficient_ number of current peers are subscribed to the topic, the validator must discover new peers on this topic. Via the discovery protocol, find peers with an ENR containing the `attnets` entry such that `ENR["attnets"][committee_index % ATTESTATION_SUBNET_COUNT] == True`. Then validate that the peers are still persisted on the desired topic by requesting `GetMetaData` and checking the resulting `attnets` field.
-    * If an _insufficient_ number of current peers are subscribed to the topic, the validator must discover new peers on this topic. Via the discovery protocol, find peers with an ENR containing the `attnets` entry such that `ENR["attnets"][committee_index % ATTESTATION_SUBNET_COUNT] == True`.
+    * If the validator is assigned to be an aggregator for the slot (see `is_aggregator()`), then subscribe to the topic.
+
+*Note*: If the validator is _not_ assigned to be an aggregator, the validator only needs sufficient number of peers on the topic to be able to publish messages. The validator does not need to _subscribe_ and listen to all messages on the topic.
 
 ## Beacon chain responsibilities
 
@@ -404,12 +406,12 @@ Set `attestation.data = attestation_data` where `attestation_data` is the `Attes
 
 ##### Aggregate signature
 
-Set `attestation.signature = signed_attestation_data` where `signed_attestation_data` is obtained from:
+Set `attestation.signature = attestation_signature` where `attestation_signature` is obtained from:
 
 ```python
-def get_signed_attestation_data(state: BeaconState, attestation: IndexedAttestation, privkey: int) -> BLSSignature:
+def get_attestation_signature(state: BeaconState, attestation_data: AttestationData, privkey: int) -> BLSSignature:
-    domain = get_domain(state, DOMAIN_BEACON_ATTESTER, attestation.data.target.epoch)
+    domain = get_domain(state, DOMAIN_BEACON_ATTESTER, attestation_data.target.epoch)
-    signing_root = compute_signing_root(attestation.data, domain)
+    signing_root = compute_signing_root(attestation_data, domain)
     return bls.Sign(privkey, signing_root)
 ```
 

tests/core/pyspec/eth2spec/test/context.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from .helpers.genesis import create_genesis_state
 
 from .utils import vector_test, with_meta_tags
 
+from random import Random
 from typing import Any, Callable, Sequence, TypedDict, Protocol
 
 from importlib import reload
@@ -71,6 +72,14 @@ def default_activation_threshold(spec):
     return spec.MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE
 
 
+def zero_activation_threshold(spec):
+    """
+    Helper method to use 0 gwei as the activation threshold for state creation for tests.
+    Usage: `@with_custom_state(threshold_fn=zero_activation_threshold, ...)`
+    """
+    return 0
+
+
 def default_balances(spec):
     """
     Helper method to create a series of default balances.
@@ -100,8 +109,18 @@ def misc_balances(spec):
     Usage: `@with_custom_state(balances_fn=misc_balances, ...)`
     """
     num_validators = spec.SLOTS_PER_EPOCH * 8
-    num_misc_validators = spec.SLOTS_PER_EPOCH
+    balances = [spec.MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE * 2 * i // num_validators for i in range(num_validators)]
-    return [spec.MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE] * num_validators + [spec.MIN_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT] * num_misc_validators
+    rng = Random(1234)
+    rng.shuffle(balances)
+    return balances
+
+
+def low_single_balance(spec):
+    """
+    Helper method to create a single of balance of 1 Gwei.
+    Usage: `@with_custom_state(balances_fn=low_single_balance, ...)`
+    """
+    return [1]
 
 
 def single_phase(fn):

tests/core/pyspec/eth2spec/test/helpers/attestations.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def build_attestation_data(spec, state, slot, index):
     )
 
 
-def get_valid_attestation(spec, state, slot=None, index=None, signed=False):
+def get_valid_attestation(spec, state, slot=None, index=None, empty=False, signed=False):
     if slot is None:
         slot = state.slot
     if index is None:
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ def get_valid_attestation(spec, state, slot=None, index=None, signed=False):
         aggregation_bits=aggregation_bits,
         data=attestation_data,
     )
+    if not empty:
         fill_aggregate_attestation(spec, state, attestation)
     if signed:
         sign_attestation(spec, state, attestation)

tests/core/pyspec/eth2spec/test/phase_0/block_processing/test_process_attestation.py

@@ -292,14 +292,12 @@ def test_bad_source_root(spec, state):
 @with_all_phases
 @spec_state_test
 def test_empty_aggregation_bits(spec, state):
-    attestation = get_valid_attestation(spec, state)
+    attestation = get_valid_attestation(spec, state, empty=True)
     state.slot += spec.MIN_ATTESTATION_INCLUSION_DELAY
 
-    attestation.aggregation_bits = Bitlist[spec.MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE](
+    assert attestation.aggregation_bits == Bitlist[spec.MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE](
         *([0b0] * len(attestation.aggregation_bits)))
 
-    sign_attestation(spec, state, attestation)
-
     yield from run_attestation_processing(spec, state, attestation)
 
 

tests/core/pyspec/eth2spec/test/phase_0/epoch_processing/test_process_rewards_and_penalties.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-from copy import deepcopy
-
 from eth2spec.test.context import (
     spec_state_test, with_all_phases, spec_test,
-    misc_balances, with_custom_state, default_activation_threshold,
+    misc_balances, with_custom_state,
+    low_single_balance, zero_activation_threshold,
     single_phase,
 )
 from eth2spec.test.helpers.state import (
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ def run_process_rewards_and_penalties(spec, state):
 @with_all_phases
 @spec_state_test
 def test_genesis_epoch_no_attestations_no_penalties(spec, state):
-    pre_state = deepcopy(state)
+    pre_state = state.copy()
 
     assert spec.compute_epoch_at_slot(state.slot) == spec.GENESIS_EPOCH
 
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ def test_genesis_epoch_full_attestations_no_rewards(spec, state):
     # ensure has not cross the epoch boundary
     assert spec.compute_epoch_at_slot(state.slot) == spec.GENESIS_EPOCH
 
-    pre_state = deepcopy(state)
+    pre_state = state.copy()
 
     yield from run_process_rewards_and_penalties(spec, state)
 
@@ -60,12 +59,12 @@ def test_genesis_epoch_full_attestations_no_rewards(spec, state):
         assert state.balances[index] == pre_state.balances[index]
 
 
-def prepare_state_with_full_attestations(spec, state):
+def prepare_state_with_full_attestations(spec, state, empty=False):
     attestations = []
     for slot in range(spec.SLOTS_PER_EPOCH + spec.MIN_ATTESTATION_INCLUSION_DELAY):
         # create an attestation for each slot in epoch
         if slot < spec.SLOTS_PER_EPOCH:
-            attestation = get_valid_attestation(spec, state, signed=True)
+            attestation = get_valid_attestation(spec, state, empty=empty, signed=True)
             attestations.append(attestation)
         # fill each created slot in state after inclusion delay
         if slot - spec.MIN_ATTESTATION_INCLUSION_DELAY >= 0:
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ def prepare_state_with_full_attestations(spec, state):
 def test_full_attestations(spec, state):
     attestations = prepare_state_with_full_attestations(spec, state)
 
-    pre_state = deepcopy(state)
+    pre_state = state.copy()
 
     yield from run_process_rewards_and_penalties(spec, state)
 
@@ -122,18 +121,19 @@ def test_full_attestations_random_incorrect_fields(spec, state):
 
 @with_all_phases
 @spec_test
-@with_custom_state(balances_fn=misc_balances, threshold_fn=default_activation_threshold)
+@with_custom_state(balances_fn=misc_balances, threshold_fn=lambda spec: spec.MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE // 2)
 @single_phase
 def test_full_attestations_misc_balances(spec, state):
     attestations = prepare_state_with_full_attestations(spec, state)
 
-    pre_state = deepcopy(state)
+    pre_state = state.copy()
 
     yield from run_process_rewards_and_penalties(spec, state)
 
     attesting_indices = spec.get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state, attestations)
     assert len(attesting_indices) > 0
     assert len(attesting_indices) != len(pre_state.validators)
+    assert any(v.effective_balance != spec.MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE for v in state.validators)
     for index in range(len(pre_state.validators)):
         if index in attesting_indices:
             assert state.balances[index] > pre_state.balances[index]
@@ -141,13 +141,35 @@ def test_full_attestations_misc_balances(spec, state):
             assert state.balances[index] < pre_state.balances[index]
         else:
             assert state.balances[index] == pre_state.balances[index]
+    # Check if base rewards are consistent with effective balance.
+    brs = {}
+    for index in attesting_indices:
+        br = spec.get_base_reward(state, index)
+        if br in brs:
+            assert brs[br] == state.validators[index].effective_balance
+        else:
+            brs[br] = state.validators[index].effective_balance
+
+
+@with_all_phases
+@spec_test
+@with_custom_state(balances_fn=low_single_balance, threshold_fn=zero_activation_threshold)
+@single_phase
+def test_full_attestations_one_validaor_one_gwei(spec, state):
+    attestations = prepare_state_with_full_attestations(spec, state)
+
+    yield from run_process_rewards_and_penalties(spec, state)
+
+    # Few assertions. Mainly to check that this extreme case can run without exception
+    attesting_indices = spec.get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state, attestations)
+    assert len(attesting_indices) == 1
 
 
 @with_all_phases
 @spec_state_test
 def test_no_attestations_all_penalties(spec, state):
     next_epoch(spec, state)
-    pre_state = deepcopy(state)
+    pre_state = state.copy()
 
     assert spec.compute_epoch_at_slot(state.slot) == spec.GENESIS_EPOCH + 1
 
@@ -157,6 +179,22 @@ def test_no_attestations_all_penalties(spec, state):
         assert state.balances[index] < pre_state.balances[index]
 
 
+@with_all_phases
+@spec_state_test
+def test_empty_attestations(spec, state):
+    attestations = prepare_state_with_full_attestations(spec, state, empty=True)
+
+    pre_state = state.copy()
+
+    yield from run_process_rewards_and_penalties(spec, state)
+
+    attesting_indices = spec.get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state, attestations)
+    assert len(attesting_indices) == 0
+
+    for index in range(len(pre_state.validators)):
+        assert state.balances[index] < pre_state.balances[index]
+
+
 @with_all_phases
 @spec_state_test
 def test_duplicate_attestation(spec, state):
@@ -173,8 +211,8 @@ def test_duplicate_attestation(spec, state):
 
     assert len(participants) > 0
 
-    single_state = deepcopy(state)
+    single_state = state.copy()
-    dup_state = deepcopy(state)
+    dup_state = state.copy()
 
     inclusion_slot = state.slot + spec.MIN_ATTESTATION_INCLUSION_DELAY
     add_attestations_to_state(spec, single_state, [attestation], inclusion_slot)
@@ -220,7 +258,7 @@ def test_attestations_some_slashed(spec, state):
     assert spec.compute_epoch_at_slot(state.slot) == spec.GENESIS_EPOCH + 1
     assert len(state.previous_epoch_attestations) == spec.SLOTS_PER_EPOCH
 
-    pre_state = deepcopy(state)
+    pre_state = state.copy()
 
     yield from run_process_rewards_and_penalties(spec, state)