Update 0_beacon-chain.md
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@ -19,10 +19,10 @@
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- [State list lengths](#state-list-lengths)
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- [Reward and penalty quotients](#reward-and-penalty-quotients)
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- [Status flags](#status-flags)
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- [Max operations per block](#max-operations-per-block)
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- [Max transactions per block](#max-transactions-per-block)
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- [Signature domains](#signature-domains)
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- [Data structures](#data-structures)
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- [Beacon chain operations](#beacon-chain-operations)
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- [Beacon chain transactions](#beacon-chain-transactions)
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- [Proposer slashings](#proposer-slashings)
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- [`ProposerSlashing`](#proposerslashing)
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- [Attester slashings](#attester-slashings)
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@ -36,8 +36,8 @@
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- [`Deposit`](#deposit)
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- [`DepositData`](#depositdata)
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- [`DepositInput`](#depositinput)
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- [Exits](#exits)
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- [`Exit`](#exit)
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- [Voluntary exits](#voluntary-exits)
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- [`VoluntaryExit`](#voluntaryexit)
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- [Beacon chain blocks](#beacon-chain-blocks)
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- [`BeaconBlock`](#beaconblock)
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- [`BeaconBlockBody`](#beaconblockbody)
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@ -98,15 +98,15 @@
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- [`activate_validator`](#activate_validator)
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- [`initiate_validator_exit`](#initiate_validator_exit)
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- [`exit_validator`](#exit_validator)
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- [`penalize_validator`](#penalize_validator)
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- [`slash_validator`](#slash_validator)
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- [`prepare_validator_for_withdrawal`](#prepare_validator_for_withdrawal)
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- [Ethereum 1.0 deposit contract](#ethereum-10-deposit-contract)
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- [Deposit arguments](#deposit-arguments)
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- [Withdrawal credentials](#withdrawal-credentials)
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- [`Deposit` logs](#deposit-logs)
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- [`Eth2Genesis` log](#chainstart-log)
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- [`Eth2Genesis` log](#eth2genesis-log)
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- [Vyper code](#vyper-code)
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- [On startup](#on-startup)
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- [On genesis](#on-genesis)
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- [Beacon chain processing](#beacon-chain-processing)
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- [Beacon chain fork choice rule](#beacon-chain-fork-choice-rule)
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- [Beacon chain state transition function](#beacon-chain-state-transition-function)
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@ -118,12 +118,12 @@
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- [Proposer signature](#proposer-signature)
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- [RANDAO](#randao)
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- [Eth1 data](#eth1-data)
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- [Operations](#operations)
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- [Transactions](#transactions)
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- [Proposer slashings](#proposer-slashings-1)
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- [Attester slashings](#attester-slashings-1)
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- [Attestations](#attestations-1)
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- [Deposits](#deposits-1)
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- [Exits](#exits-1)
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- [Voluntary exits](#voluntary-exits-1)
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- [Per-epoch processing](#per-epoch-processing)
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- [Helper variables](#helper-variables)
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- [Eth1 data](#eth1-data-1)
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@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ Code snippets appearing in `this style` are to be interpreted as Python code.
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| - | - |
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| `BASE_REWARD_QUOTIENT` | `2**5` (= 32) |
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| `WHISTLEBLOWER_REWARD_QUOTIENT` | `2**9` (= 512) |
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| `INCLUDER_REWARD_QUOTIENT` | `2**3` (= 8) |
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| `ATTESTATION_INCLUSION_REWARD_QUOTIENT` | `2**3` (= 8) |
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| `INACTIVITY_PENALTY_QUOTIENT` | `2**24` (= 16,777,216) |
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* The `BASE_REWARD_QUOTIENT` parameter dictates the per-epoch reward. It corresponds to ~2.54% annual interest assuming 10 million participating ETH in every epoch.
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@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ Code snippets appearing in `this style` are to be interpreted as Python code.
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| `INITIATED_EXIT` | `2**0` (= 1) |
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| `WITHDRAWABLE` | `2**1` (= 2) |
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### Max operations per block
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### Max transactions per block
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| Name | Value |
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| - | - |
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@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ Code snippets appearing in `this style` are to be interpreted as Python code.
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| `MAX_ATTESTER_SLASHINGS` | `2**0` (= 1) |
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| `MAX_ATTESTATIONS` | `2**7` (= 128) |
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| `MAX_DEPOSITS` | `2**4` (= 16) |
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| `MAX_EXITS` | `2**4` (= 16) |
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| `MAX_VOLUNTARY_EXITS` | `2**4` (= 16) |
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### Signature domains
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@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ Code snippets appearing in `this style` are to be interpreted as Python code.
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The following data structures are defined as [SimpleSerialize (SSZ)](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/master/specs/simple-serialize.md) objects.
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### Beacon chain operations
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### Beacon chain transactions
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#### Proposer slashings
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@ -425,9 +425,9 @@ The following data structures are defined as [SimpleSerialize (SSZ)](https://git
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}
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```
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#### Exits
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#### Voluntary exits
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##### `Exit`
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##### `VoluntaryExit`
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```python
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{
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@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ The following data structures are defined as [SimpleSerialize (SSZ)](https://git
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'attester_slashings': [AttesterSlashing],
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'attestations': [Attestation],
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'deposits': [Deposit],
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'exits': [Exit],
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'voluntary_exits': [VoluntaryExit],
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}
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```
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@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ We define the following Python custom types for type hinting and readability:
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| `Slot` | `uint64` | a slot number |
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| `Epoch` | `uint64` | an epoch number |
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| `Shard` | `uint64` | a shard number |
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| `ValidatorIndex` | `uint64` | an index in the validator registry |
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| `ValidatorIndex` | `uint64` | a validator registry index |
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| `Gwei` | `uint64` | an amount in Gwei |
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| `Bytes32` | `bytes32` | 32 bytes of binary data |
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| `BLSPubkey` | `bytes48` | a BLS12-381 public key |
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@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ def slot_to_epoch(slot: Slot) -> Epoch:
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### `get_previous_epoch`
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```python
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def get_previous_epoch(state: BeaconState) -> EpochNumber:
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def get_previous_epoch(state: BeaconState) -> Epoch:
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"""`
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Return the previous epoch of the given ``state``.
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If the current epoch is ``GENESIS_EPOCH``, return ``GENESIS_EPOCH``.
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@ -1335,12 +1335,12 @@ def exit_validator(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex) -> None:
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validator.exit_epoch = get_entry_exit_effect_epoch(get_current_epoch(state))
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```
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#### `penalize_validator`
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#### `slash_validator`
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```python
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def penalize_validator(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex) -> None:
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def slash_validator(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex) -> None:
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"""
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Penalize the validator of the given ``index``.
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Slash the validator with index ``index``.
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Note that this function mutates ``state``.
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"""
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exit_validator(state, index)
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@ -1389,11 +1389,12 @@ Every Ethereum 1.0 deposit, of size between `MIN_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT` and `MAX_DEPOSI
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### `Eth2Genesis` log
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When sufficiently many full deposits have been made the deposit contract emits the `Eth2Genesis` log. The beacon chain state may then be initialized by calling the `get_initial_beacon_state` function (defined below) where:
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When sufficiently many full deposits have been made the deposit contract emits the `Eth2Genesis` log. The beacon chain state may then be initialized by calling the `get_genesis_beacon_state` function (defined below) where:
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* `genesis_time` equals `time` in the `Eth2Genesis` log
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* `latest_eth1_data.deposit_root` equals `deposit_root` in the `Eth2Genesis` log, and `latest_eth1_data.block_hash` equals the hash of the block that included the log
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* `initial_validator_deposits` is a list of `Deposit` objects built according to the `Deposit` logs up to the deposit that triggered the `Eth2Genesis` log, processed in the order in which they were emitted (oldest to newest)
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* `latest_eth1_data.deposit_root` equals `deposit_root` in the `Eth2Genesis` log
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* `latest_eth1_data.block_hash` equals the hash of the block that included the log
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* `genesis_validator_deposits` is a list of `Deposit` objects built according to the `Deposit` logs up to the deposit that triggered the `Eth2Genesis` log, processed in the order in which they were emitted (oldest to newest)
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### Vyper code
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@ -1407,7 +1408,7 @@ For convenience, we provide the interface to the contract here:
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* `get_deposit_root() -> bytes32`: returns the current root of the deposit tree
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* `deposit(bytes[512])`: adds a deposit instance to the deposit tree, incorporating the input argument and the value transferred in the given call. Note: the amount of value transferred *must* be within `MIN_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT` and `MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT`, inclusive. Each of these constants are specified in units of Gwei.
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## On startup
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## On genesis
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A valid block with slot `GENESIS_SLOT` (a "genesis block") has the following values. Other validity rules (e.g. requiring a signature) do not apply.
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@ -1415,7 +1416,7 @@ A valid block with slot `GENESIS_SLOT` (a "genesis block") has the following val
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{
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slot=GENESIS_SLOT,
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parent_root=ZERO_HASH,
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state_root=STARTUP_STATE_ROOT,
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state_root=GENESIS_STATE_ROOT,
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randao_reveal=EMPTY_SIGNATURE,
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eth1_data=Eth1Data(
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deposit_root=ZERO_HASH,
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@ -1432,14 +1433,14 @@ A valid block with slot `GENESIS_SLOT` (a "genesis block") has the following val
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}
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```
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`STARTUP_STATE_ROOT` (in the above "genesis block") is generated from the `get_initial_beacon_state` function below. When enough full deposits have been made to the deposit contract and the `Eth2Genesis` log has been emitted, `get_initial_beacon_state` will execute to compute the `hash_tree_root` of `BeaconState`.
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`GENESIS_STATE_ROOT` (in the above "genesis block") is generated from the `get_genesis_beacon_state` function below. When enough full deposits have been made to the deposit contract and the `Eth2Genesis` log has been emitted, `get_genesis_beacon_state` will execute to compute the `hash_tree_root` of `BeaconState`.
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```python
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def get_initial_beacon_state(initial_validator_deposits: List[Deposit],
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def get_genesis_beacon_state(genesis_validator_deposits: List[Deposit],
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genesis_time: int,
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latest_eth1_data: Eth1Data) -> BeaconState:
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"""
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Get the initial ``BeaconState``.
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Get the genesis ``BeaconState``.
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"""
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state = BeaconState(
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# Misc
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@ -1482,11 +1483,11 @@ def get_initial_beacon_state(initial_validator_deposits: List[Deposit],
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# Ethereum 1.0 chain data
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latest_eth1_data=latest_eth1_data,
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eth1_data_votes=[],
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deposit_index=len(initial_validator_deposits)
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deposit_index=len(genesis_validator_deposits)
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)
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# Process initial deposits
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for deposit in initial_validator_deposits:
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# Process genesis deposits
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for deposit in genesis_validator_deposits:
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process_deposit(
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state=state,
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pubkey=deposit.deposit_data.deposit_input.pubkey,
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withdrawal_credentials=deposit.deposit_data.deposit_input.withdrawal_credentials,
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)
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# Process initial activations
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# Process genesis activations
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for validator_index, _ in enumerate(state.validator_registry):
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if get_effective_balance(state, validator_index) >= MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT:
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activate_validator(state, validator_index, is_genesis=True)
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@ -1636,7 +1637,7 @@ Below are the processing steps that happen at every `block`.
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* If there exists an `eth1_data_vote` in `states.eth1_data_votes` for which `eth1_data_vote.eth1_data == block.eth1_data` (there will be at most one), set `eth1_data_vote.vote_count += 1`.
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* Otherwise, append to `state.eth1_data_votes` a new `Eth1DataVote(eth1_data=block.eth1_data, vote_count=1)`.
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#### Operations
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#### Transactions
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##### Proposer slashings
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@ -1651,7 +1652,7 @@ For each `proposer_slashing` in `block.body.proposer_slashings`:
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* Verify that `proposer.slashed_epoch > get_current_epoch(state)`.
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* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=proposer.pubkey, message_hash=hash_tree_root(proposer_slashing.proposal_data_1), signature=proposer_slashing.proposal_signature_1, domain=get_domain(state.fork, slot_to_epoch(proposer_slashing.proposal_data_1.slot), DOMAIN_PROPOSAL))`.
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* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=proposer.pubkey, message_hash=hash_tree_root(proposer_slashing.proposal_data_2), signature=proposer_slashing.proposal_signature_2, domain=get_domain(state.fork, slot_to_epoch(proposer_slashing.proposal_data_2.slot), DOMAIN_PROPOSAL))`.
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* Run `penalize_validator(state, proposer_slashing.proposer_index)`.
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* Run `slash_validator(state, proposer_slashing.proposer_index)`.
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##### Attester slashings
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@ -1667,7 +1668,7 @@ For each `attester_slashing` in `block.body.attester_slashings`:
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* Verify that `verify_slashable_attestation(state, slashable_attestation_2)`.
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* Let `slashable_indices = [index for index in slashable_attestation_1.validator_indices if index in slashable_attestation_2.validator_indices and state.validator_registry[index].slashed_epoch > get_current_epoch(state)]`.
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* Verify that `len(slashable_indices) >= 1`.
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* Run `penalize_validator(state, index)` for each `index` in `slashable_indices`.
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* Run `slash_validator(state, index)` for each `index` in `slashable_indices`.
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##### Attestations
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@ -1755,11 +1756,11 @@ process_deposit(
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* Set `state.deposit_index += 1`.
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##### Exits
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##### Voluntary exits
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Verify that `len(block.body.exits) <= MAX_EXITS`.
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Verify that `len(block.body.voluntary_exits) <= MAX_VOLUNTARY_EXITS`.
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For each `exit` in `block.body.exits`:
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For each `exit` in `block.body.voluntary_exits`:
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* Let `validator = state.validator_registry[exit.validator_index]`.
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* Verify that `validator.exit_epoch > get_entry_exit_effect_epoch(get_current_epoch(state))`.
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##### Attestation inclusion
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For each `index` in `previous_epoch_attester_indices`, we determine the proposer `proposer_index = get_beacon_proposer_index(state, inclusion_slot(state, index))` and set `state.validator_balances[proposer_index] += base_reward(state, index) // INCLUDER_REWARD_QUOTIENT`.
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For each `index` in `previous_epoch_attester_indices`, we determine the proposer `proposer_index = get_beacon_proposer_index(state, inclusion_slot(state, index))` and set `state.validator_balances[proposer_index] += base_reward(state, index) // ATTESTATION_INCLUSION_REWARD_QUOTIENT`.
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##### Crosslinks
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@ -1995,18 +1996,16 @@ If a validator registry update does _not_ happen do the following:
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**Invariant**: the active index root that is hashed into the shuffling seed actually is the `hash_tree_root` of the validator set that is used for that epoch.
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Regardless of whether or not a validator set change happens, run the following:
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Regardless of whether or not a validator set change happens run `process_slashings(state)` and `process_withdrawals(state):
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```python
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def process_penalties_and_exits(state: BeaconState) -> None:
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def process_slashings(state: BeaconState) -> None:
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"""
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Process the penalties and prepare the validators who are eligible to withdrawal.
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Process the slashings.
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Note that this function mutates ``state``.
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"""
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current_epoch = get_current_epoch(state)
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# The active validators
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active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(state.validator_registry, current_epoch)
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# The total effective balance of active validators
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total_balance = sum(get_effective_balance(state, i) for i in active_validator_indices)
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for index, validator in enumerate(state.validator_registry):
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@ -2017,6 +2016,15 @@ def process_penalties_and_exits(state: BeaconState) -> None:
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total_penalties = total_at_end - total_at_start
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penalty = get_effective_balance(state, index) * min(total_penalties * 3, total_balance) // total_balance
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state.validator_balances[index] -= penalty
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```
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```python
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def process_withdrawals(state: BeaconState) -> None:
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"""
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Process the withdrawals.
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Note that this function mutates ``state``.
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"""
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current_epoch = get_current_epoch(state)
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def eligible(index):
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validator = state.validator_registry[index]
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