status-im
/
eth2.0-specs
mirror of https://github.com/status-im/eth2.0-specs.git
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Single effective balance per review by Vitalik—significant simplification

This commit is contained in:
Justin Drake 2019-04-22 16:13:46 +10:00
parent d6644edcc9
commit c123fb1b97
1 changed files with 40 additions and 66 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

106
specs/core/0_beacon-chain.md
View File

@ -58,7 +58,6 @@
- [`is_active_validator`](#is_active_validator) - [`is_active_validator`](#is_active_validator)
- [`is_slashable_validator`](#is_slashable_validator) - [`is_slashable_validator`](#is_slashable_validator)
- [`get_active_validator_indices`](#get_active_validator_indices) - [`get_active_validator_indices`](#get_active_validator_indices)
- [`get_current_epoch_effective_balance`](#get_current_epoch_effective_balance)
- [`increase_balance`](#increase_balance) - [`increase_balance`](#increase_balance)
- [`decrease_balance`](#decrease_balance) - [`decrease_balance`](#decrease_balance)
- [`get_permuted_index`](#get_permuted_index) - [`get_permuted_index`](#get_permuted_index)
@ -77,7 +76,6 @@
- [`get_attesting_indices`](#get_attesting_indices) - [`get_attesting_indices`](#get_attesting_indices)
- [`int_to_bytes1`, `int_to_bytes2`, ...](#int_to_bytes1-int_to_bytes2-) - [`int_to_bytes1`, `int_to_bytes2`, ...](#int_to_bytes1-int_to_bytes2-)
- [`bytes_to_int`](#bytes_to_int) - [`bytes_to_int`](#bytes_to_int)
- [`get_effective_balance`](#get_effective_balance)
- [`get_total_balance`](#get_total_balance) - [`get_total_balance`](#get_total_balance)
- [`get_domain`](#get_domain) - [`get_domain`](#get_domain)
- [`get_bitfield_bit`](#get_bitfield_bit) - [`get_bitfield_bit`](#get_bitfield_bit)
@ -194,7 +192,7 @@ These configurations are updated for releases, but may be out of sync during `de
| `MIN_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT` | `2**0 * 10**9` (= 1,000,000,000) | Gwei | | `MIN_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT` | `2**0 * 10**9` (= 1,000,000,000) | Gwei |
| `MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT` | `2**5 * 10**9` (= 32,000,000,000) | Gwei | | `MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT` | `2**5 * 10**9` (= 32,000,000,000) | Gwei |
| `EJECTION_BALANCE` | `2**4 * 10**9` (= 16,000,000,000) | Gwei | | `EJECTION_BALANCE` | `2**4 * 10**9` (= 16,000,000,000) | Gwei |
| `HIGH_BALANCE_INCREMENT` | `2**0 * 10**9` (= 1,000,000,000) | Gwei | | `EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT` | `2**0 * 10**9` (= 1,000,000,000) | Gwei |
### Initial values ### Initial values
@ -710,21 +708,6 @@ def get_active_validator_indices(state: BeaconState, epoch: Epoch) -> List[Valid
return [i for i, v in enumerate(state.validator_registry) if is_active_validator(v, epoch)] return [i for i, v in enumerate(state.validator_registry) if is_active_validator(v, epoch)]
``` ```
### `get_current_epoch_effective_balance`
```python
def get_current_epoch_effective_balance(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex) -> Gwei:
"""
Get validator effective balance for the current epoch
"""
balance = min(state.balances[index], MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT)
validator = state.validator_registry[index]
HALF_INCREMENT = HIGH_BALANCE_INCREMENT // 2
if state.slot == GENESIS_SLOT or (validator.effective_balance > balance or validator.effective_balance + 3 * HALF_INCREMENT < balance):
return balance - balance % HIGH_BALANCE_INCREMENT
return validator.effective_balance
```
### `increase_balance` ### `increase_balance`
```python ```python
@ -944,7 +927,7 @@ def get_beacon_proposer_index(state: BeaconState, slot: Slot=None) -> ValidatorI
while True: while True:
candidate = first_committee[(epoch + i) % len(first_committee)] candidate = first_committee[(epoch + i) % len(first_committee)]
random_byte = hash(generate_seed(state, epoch) + int_to_bytes8(i // 32))[i % 32] random_byte = hash(generate_seed(state, epoch) + int_to_bytes8(i // 32))[i % 32]
if get_effective_balance(state, candidate, epoch) * 256 > MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT * random_byte: if state.validator_registry[candidate].effective_balance * 256 > MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT * random_byte:
return candidate return candidate
i += 1 i += 1
``` ```
@ -992,24 +975,14 @@ def bytes_to_int(data: bytes) -> int:
return int.from_bytes(data, 'little') return int.from_bytes(data, 'little')
``` ```
### `get_effective_balance`
```python
def get_effective_balance(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex, epoch: Epoch) -> Gwei:
"""
Return the effective balance (also known as "balance at stake") for a validator with the given ``index``.
"""
return get_current_epoch_effective_balance(state, index) if epoch == get_current_epoch(state) else state.validator_registry[index].effective_balance
```
### `get_total_balance` ### `get_total_balance`
```python ```python
def get_total_balance(state: BeaconState, validators: List[ValidatorIndex], epoch: Epoch) -> Gwei: def get_total_balance(state: BeaconState, indices: List[ValidatorIndex]) -> Gwei:
""" """
Return the combined effective balance of an array of ``validators``. Return the combined effective balance of an array of ``validators``.
""" """
return sum([get_effective_balance(state, index, epoch) for index in validators]) return sum([state.validator_registry[index].effective_balance for index in indices])
``` ```
### `get_domain` ### `get_domain`
@ -1244,9 +1217,10 @@ def slash_validator(state: BeaconState, slashed_index: ValidatorIndex, whistlebl
""" """
current_epoch = get_current_epoch(state) current_epoch = get_current_epoch(state)
initiate_validator_exit(state, slashed_index) initiate_validator_exit(state, slashed_index)
state.validator_registry[slashed_index].slashed = True slashed_validator = state.validator_registry[slashed_index]
state.validator_registry[slashed_index].withdrawable_epoch = current_epoch + LATEST_SLASHED_EXIT_LENGTH slashed_validator.slashed = True
slashed_balance = get_effective_balance(state, slashed_index, current_epoch) slashed_validator.withdrawable_epoch = current_epoch + LATEST_SLASHED_EXIT_LENGTH
slashed_balance = slashed_validator.effective_balance
state.latest_slashed_balances[current_epoch % LATEST_SLASHED_EXIT_LENGTH] += slashed_balance state.latest_slashed_balances[current_epoch % LATEST_SLASHED_EXIT_LENGTH] += slashed_balance
proposer_index = get_beacon_proposer_index(state) proposer_index = get_beacon_proposer_index(state)
@ -1463,8 +1437,8 @@ The steps below happen when `state.slot > GENESIS_SLOT and (state.slot + 1) % SL
We define epoch transition helper functions: We define epoch transition helper functions:
```python ```python
def get_total_active_balance(state: BeaconState, epoch: Epoch) -> Gwei: def get_total_active_balance(state: BeaconState) -> Gwei:
return get_total_balance(state, get_active_validator_indices(state, epoch), epoch) return get_total_balance(state, get_active_validator_indices(state, get_current_epoch(state)))
``` ```
```python ```python
@ -1497,8 +1471,8 @@ def get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state: BeaconState, attestations: List[Pendi
``` ```
```python ```python
def get_attesting_balance(state: BeaconState, attestations: List[PendingAttestation], epoch: Epoch) -> Gwei: def get_attesting_balance(state: BeaconState, attestations: List[PendingAttestation]) -> Gwei:
return get_total_balance(state, get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state, attestations), epoch) return get_total_balance(state, get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state, attestations))
``` ```
```python ```python
@ -1526,7 +1500,7 @@ def get_winning_crosslink_and_attesting_indices(state: BeaconState, epoch: Epoch
return [a for a in shard_attestations if get_crosslink_from_attestation_data(state, a.data) == crosslink] return [a for a in shard_attestations if get_crosslink_from_attestation_data(state, a.data) == crosslink]
# Winning crosslink has the crosslink data root with the most balance voting for it (ties broken lexicographically) # Winning crosslink has the crosslink data root with the most balance voting for it (ties broken lexicographically)
winning_crosslink = max(candidate_crosslinks, key=lambda crosslink: ( winning_crosslink = max(candidate_crosslinks, key=lambda crosslink: (
get_attesting_balance(state, get_attestations_for(crosslink), epoch), crosslink.crosslink_data_root get_attesting_balance(state, get_attestations_for(crosslink)), crosslink.crosslink_data_root
)) ))
return winning_crosslink, get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state, get_attestations_for(winning_crosslink)) return winning_crosslink, get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state, get_attestations_for(winning_crosslink))
@ -1557,13 +1531,13 @@ def process_justification_and_finalization(state: BeaconState) -> None:
state.previous_justified_epoch = state.current_justified_epoch state.previous_justified_epoch = state.current_justified_epoch
state.previous_justified_root = state.current_justified_root state.previous_justified_root = state.current_justified_root
state.justification_bitfield = (state.justification_bitfield << 1) % 2**64 state.justification_bitfield = (state.justification_bitfield << 1) % 2**64
previous_epoch_matching_target_balance = get_attesting_balance(state, get_matching_target_attestations(state, previous_epoch), previous_epoch) previous_epoch_matching_target_balance = get_attesting_balance(state, get_matching_target_attestations(state, previous_epoch))
if previous_epoch_matching_target_balance * 3 >= get_total_active_balance(state, previous_epoch) * 2: if previous_epoch_matching_target_balance * 3 >= get_total_active_balance(state) * 2:
state.current_justified_epoch = get_previous_epoch(state) state.current_justified_epoch = get_previous_epoch(state)
state.current_justified_root = get_block_root(state, get_epoch_start_slot(state.current_justified_epoch)) state.current_justified_root = get_block_root(state, get_epoch_start_slot(state.current_justified_epoch))
state.justification_bitfield |= (1 << 1) state.justification_bitfield |= (1 << 1)
current_epoch_matching_target_balance = get_attesting_balance(state, get_matching_target_attestations(state, current_epoch), current_epoch) current_epoch_matching_target_balance = get_attesting_balance(state, get_matching_target_attestations(state, current_epoch))
if current_epoch_matching_target_balance * 3 >= get_total_active_balance(state, current_epoch) * 2: if current_epoch_matching_target_balance * 3 >= get_total_active_balance(state) * 2:
state.current_justified_epoch = get_current_epoch(state) state.current_justified_epoch = get_current_epoch(state)
state.current_justified_root = get_block_root(state, get_epoch_start_slot(state.current_justified_epoch)) state.current_justified_root = get_block_root(state, get_epoch_start_slot(state.current_justified_epoch))
state.justification_bitfield |= (1 << 0) state.justification_bitfield |= (1 << 0)
@ -1601,7 +1575,7 @@ def process_crosslinks(state: BeaconState) -> None:
epoch = slot_to_epoch(slot) epoch = slot_to_epoch(slot)
for crosslink_committee, shard in get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(state, slot): for crosslink_committee, shard in get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(state, slot):
winning_crosslink, attesting_indices = get_winning_crosslink_and_attesting_indices(state, epoch, shard) winning_crosslink, attesting_indices = get_winning_crosslink_and_attesting_indices(state, epoch, shard)
if 3 * get_total_balance(state, attesting_indices, epoch) >= 2 * get_total_balance(state, crosslink_committee, epoch): if 3 * get_total_balance(state, attesting_indices) >= 2 * get_total_balance(state, crosslink_committee):
state.current_crosslinks[shard] = winning_crosslink state.current_crosslinks[shard] = winning_crosslink
``` ```
@ -1610,18 +1584,18 @@ def process_crosslinks(state: BeaconState) -> None:
First, we define additional helpers: First, we define additional helpers:
```python ```python
def get_base_reward(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex, epoch: Epoch) -> Gwei: def get_base_reward(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex) -> Gwei:
adjusted_quotient = integer_squareroot(get_total_active_balance(state, epoch)) // BASE_REWARD_QUOTIENT adjusted_quotient = integer_squareroot(get_total_active_balance(state)) // BASE_REWARD_QUOTIENT
if adjusted_quotient == 0: if adjusted_quotient == 0:
return 0 return 0
return get_effective_balance(state, index, epoch) // adjusted_quotient // BASE_REWARDS_PER_EPOCH return state.validator_registry[index].effective_balance // adjusted_quotient // BASE_REWARDS_PER_EPOCH
``` ```
```python ```python
def get_attestation_deltas(state: BeaconState) -> Tuple[List[Gwei], List[Gwei]]: def get_attestation_deltas(state: BeaconState) -> Tuple[List[Gwei], List[Gwei]]:
previous_epoch = get_previous_epoch(state) previous_epoch = get_previous_epoch(state)
total_balance = get_total_active_balance(state, previous_epoch) total_balance = get_total_active_balance(state)
eligible_validator_indices = [ eligible_validator_indices = [
index for index, validator in enumerate(state.validator_registry) index for index, validator in enumerate(state.validator_registry)
if is_active_validator(validator, previous_epoch) or (validator.slashed and previous_epoch < validator.withdrawable_epoch) if is_active_validator(validator, previous_epoch) or (validator.slashed and previous_epoch < validator.withdrawable_epoch)
@ -1629,7 +1603,7 @@ def get_attestation_deltas(state: BeaconState) -> Tuple[List[Gwei], List[Gwei]]:
rewards = [0 for index in range(len(state.validator_registry))] rewards = [0 for index in range(len(state.validator_registry))]
penalties = [0 for index in range(len(state.validator_registry))] penalties = [0 for index in range(len(state.validator_registry))]
for index in eligible_validator_indices: for index in eligible_validator_indices:
base_reward = get_base_reward(state, index, previous_epoch) base_reward = get_base_reward(state, index)
# Micro-incentives for attestations matching FFG source, FFG target, and head # Micro-incentives for attestations matching FFG source, FFG target, and head
for attestations in ( for attestations in (
@ -1638,7 +1612,7 @@ def get_attestation_deltas(state: BeaconState) -> Tuple[List[Gwei], List[Gwei]]:
get_matching_source_attestations(state, previous_epoch), get_matching_source_attestations(state, previous_epoch),
): ):
if index in get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state, attestations): if index in get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state, attestations):
rewards[index] += base_reward * get_attesting_balance(state, attestations, previous_epoch) // total_balance rewards[index] += base_reward * get_attesting_balance(state, attestations) // total_balance
else: else:
penalties[index] += base_reward penalties[index] += base_reward
@ -1656,7 +1630,7 @@ def get_attestation_deltas(state: BeaconState) -> Tuple[List[Gwei], List[Gwei]]:
if finality_delay > MIN_EPOCHS_TO_INACTIVITY_PENALTY: if finality_delay > MIN_EPOCHS_TO_INACTIVITY_PENALTY:
penalties[index] += BASE_REWARDS_PER_EPOCH * base_reward penalties[index] += BASE_REWARDS_PER_EPOCH * base_reward
if index not in get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state, get_matching_target_attestations(state, previous_epoch)): if index not in get_unslashed_attesting_indices(state, get_matching_target_attestations(state, previous_epoch)):
penalties[index] += get_effective_balance(state, index, previous_epoch) * finality_delay // INACTIVITY_PENALTY_QUOTIENT penalties[index] += state.validator_registry[index].effective_balance * finality_delay // INACTIVITY_PENALTY_QUOTIENT
return [rewards, penalties] return [rewards, penalties]
``` ```
@ -1669,10 +1643,10 @@ def get_crosslink_deltas(state: BeaconState) -> Tuple[List[Gwei], List[Gwei]]:
epoch = slot_to_epoch(slot) epoch = slot_to_epoch(slot)
for crosslink_committee, shard in get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(state, slot): for crosslink_committee, shard in get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(state, slot):
winning_crosslink, attesting_indices = get_winning_crosslink_and_attesting_indices(state, epoch, shard) winning_crosslink, attesting_indices = get_winning_crosslink_and_attesting_indices(state, epoch, shard)
attesting_balance = get_total_balance(state, attesting_indices, epoch) attesting_balance = get_total_balance(state, attesting_indices)
committee_balance = get_total_balance(state, crosslink_committee, epoch) committee_balance = get_total_balance(state, crosslink_committee)
for index in crosslink_committee: for index in crosslink_committee:
base_reward = get_base_reward(state, index, epoch) base_reward = get_base_reward(state, index)
if index in attesting_indices: if index in attesting_indices:
rewards[index] += base_reward * attesting_balance // committee_balance rewards[index] += base_reward * attesting_balance // committee_balance
else: else:
@ -1726,7 +1700,7 @@ Run the following function:
def process_slashings(state: BeaconState) -> None: def process_slashings(state: BeaconState) -> None:
current_epoch = get_current_epoch(state) current_epoch = get_current_epoch(state)
active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(state, current_epoch) active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(state, current_epoch)
total_balance = get_total_balance(state, active_validator_indices, current_epoch) total_balance = get_total_balance(state, active_validator_indices)
# Compute `total_penalties` # Compute `total_penalties`
total_at_start = state.latest_slashed_balances[(current_epoch + 1) % LATEST_SLASHED_EXIT_LENGTH] total_at_start = state.latest_slashed_balances[(current_epoch + 1) % LATEST_SLASHED_EXIT_LENGTH]
@ -1736,8 +1710,8 @@ def process_slashings(state: BeaconState) -> None:
for index, validator in enumerate(state.validator_registry): for index, validator in enumerate(state.validator_registry):
if validator.slashed and current_epoch == validator.withdrawable_epoch - LATEST_SLASHED_EXIT_LENGTH // 2: if validator.slashed and current_epoch == validator.withdrawable_epoch - LATEST_SLASHED_EXIT_LENGTH // 2:
penalty = max( penalty = max(
get_effective_balance(state, index, current_epoch) * min(total_penalties * 3, total_balance) // total_balance, validator.effective_balance * min(total_penalties * 3, total_balance) // total_balance,
get_effective_balance(state, index, current_epoch) // MIN_PENALTY_QUOTIENT validator.effective_balance // MIN_PENALTY_QUOTIENT
) )
decrease_balance(state, index, penalty) decrease_balance(state, index, penalty)
``` ```
@ -1753,9 +1727,12 @@ def process_final_updates(state: BeaconState) -> None:
# Reset eth1 data votes # Reset eth1 data votes
if state.slot % SLOTS_PER_ETH1_VOTING_PERIOD == 0: if state.slot % SLOTS_PER_ETH1_VOTING_PERIOD == 0:
state.eth1_data_votes = [] state.eth1_data_votes = []
# Update effective balances # Update effective balances with hysteresis
for index, validator in enumerate(state.validator_registry): for index, validator in enumerate(state.validator_registry):
validator.effective_balance = get_current_epoch_effective_balance(state, index) balance = min(state.balances[index], MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT)
HALF_INCREMENT = EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT // 2
if balance < validator.effective_balance or validator.effective_balance + 3 * HALF_INCREMENT < balance:
validator.effective_balance = balance - balance % EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT
# Update start shard # Update start shard
state.latest_start_shard = (state.latest_start_shard + get_shard_delta(state, current_epoch)) % SHARD_COUNT state.latest_start_shard = (state.latest_start_shard + get_shard_delta(state, current_epoch)) % SHARD_COUNT
# Set active index root # Set active index root
@ -1980,20 +1957,17 @@ def process_deposit(state: BeaconState, deposit: Deposit) -> None:
if not bls_verify(pubkey, signing_root(deposit.data), deposit.data.signature, get_domain(state, DOMAIN_DEPOSIT)): if not bls_verify(pubkey, signing_root(deposit.data), deposit.data.signature, get_domain(state, DOMAIN_DEPOSIT)):
return return
# Add new validator # Add validator and balance entries
validator = Validator( state.validator_registry.append(Validator(
pubkey=pubkey, pubkey=pubkey,
withdrawal_credentials=deposit.data.withdrawal_credentials, withdrawal_credentials=deposit.data.withdrawal_credentials,
activation_eligibility_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH, activation_eligibility_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH,
activation_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH, activation_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH,
exit_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH, exit_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH,
withdrawable_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH, withdrawable_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH,
) effective_balance=amount - amount % EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT
state.validator_registry.append(validator) ))
# Add initial balance
state.balances.append(amount) state.balances.append(amount)
validator.effective_balance = get_current_epoch_effective_balance(state, len(state.validator_registry) - 1)
else: else:
# Increase balance by deposit amount # Increase balance by deposit amount
index = validator_pubkeys.index(pubkey) index = validator_pubkeys.index(pubkey)