Merge pull request #2257 from mkalinin/consensus-upgrade
Pure consensus upgrade version of the merge
This commit is contained in:
Danny Ryan
GitHub
commit
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# Ethereum 2.0 The Merge
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**Warning:** This document is currently based on [Phase 0](../phase0/beacon-chain.md) but will be rebased to [Altair](../altair/beacon-chain.md) once the latter is shipped.
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**Notice**: This document is a work-in-progress for researchers and implementers.
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## Table of contents
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<!-- TOC -->
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<!-- START doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
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<!-- DON'T EDIT THIS SECTION, INSTEAD RE-RUN doctoc TO UPDATE -->
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- [Introduction](#introduction)
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- [Constants](#constants)
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- [Transition](#transition)
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- [Execution](#execution)
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- [Containers](#containers)
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- [Extended containers](#extended-containers)
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- [`BeaconBlockBody`](#beaconblockbody)
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- [`BeaconState`](#beaconstate)
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- [New containers](#new-containers)
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- [`Transaction`](#transaction)
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- [`ApplicationPayload`](#applicationpayload)
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- [Helper functions](#helper-functions)
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- [Misc](#misc)
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- [`is_transition_completed`](#is_transition_completed)
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- [`is_transition_block`](#is_transition_block)
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- [Block processing](#block-processing)
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- [Application payload processing](#application-payload-processing)
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- [`get_application_state`](#get_application_state)
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- [`application_state_transition`](#application_state_transition)
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- [`process_application_payload`](#process_application_payload)
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<!-- END doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
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<!-- /TOC -->
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## Introduction
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This is a patch implementing the executable beacon chain proposal.
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It enshrines application-layer execution and validity as a first class citizen at the core of the beacon chain.
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## Custom types
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We define the following Python custom types for type hinting and readability:
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| Name | SSZ equivalent | Description |
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| - | - | - |
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| `OpaqueTransaction` | `ByteList[MAX_BYTES_PER_OPAQUE_TRANSACTION]` | a byte-list containing a single [typed transaction envelope](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2718#opaque-byte-array-rather-than-an-rlp-array) structured as `TransactionType \|\| TransactionPayload` |
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## Constants
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### Transition
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| Name | Value |
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| - | - |
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| `TRANSITION_TOTAL_DIFFICULTY` | **TBD** |
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### Execution
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| Name | Value |
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| - | - |
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| `MAX_BYTES_PER_OPAQUE_TRANSACTION` | `uint64(2**20)` (= 1,048,576) |
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| `MAX_APPLICATION_TRANSACTIONS` | `uint64(2**14)` (= 16,384) |
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| `BYTES_PER_LOGS_BLOOM` | `uint64(2**8)` (= 256) |
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## Containers
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### Extended containers
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*Note*: Extended SSZ containers inherit all fields from the parent in the original
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order and append any additional fields to the end.
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#### `BeaconBlockBody`
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*Note*: `BeaconBlockBody` fields remain unchanged other than the addition of `application_payload`.
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```python
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class BeaconBlockBody(phase0.BeaconBlockBody):
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application_payload: ApplicationPayload # [New in Merge] application payload
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```
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#### `BeaconState`
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*Note*: `BeaconState` fields remain unchanged other than addition of `application_state_root` and `application_block_hash`.
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```python
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class BeaconState(phase0.BeaconState):
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# Application-layer
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application_state_root: Bytes32 # [New in Merge]
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application_block_hash: Bytes32 # [New in Merge]
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```
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### New containers
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#### `ApplicationPayload`
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The application payload included in a `BeaconBlockBody`.
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```python
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class ApplicationPayload(Container):
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block_hash: Bytes32 # Hash of application block
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coinbase: Bytes20
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state_root: Bytes32
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gas_limit: uint64
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gas_used: uint64
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receipt_root: Bytes32
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logs_bloom: ByteVector[BYTES_PER_LOGS_BLOOM]
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transactions: List[OpaqueTransaction, MAX_APPLICATION_TRANSACTIONS]
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```
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## Helper functions
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### Misc
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#### `is_transition_completed`
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```python
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def is_transition_completed(state: BeaconState) -> boolean:
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return state.application_block_hash != Bytes32()
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```
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#### `is_transition_block`
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```python
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def is_transition_block(state: BeaconState, block_body: BeaconBlockBody) -> boolean:
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return state.application_block_hash == Bytes32() and block_body.application_payload.block_hash != Bytes32()
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```
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### Block processing
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```python
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def process_block(state: BeaconState, block: BeaconBlock) -> None:
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process_block_header(state, block)
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process_randao(state, block.body)
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process_eth1_data(state, block.body)
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process_operations(state, block.body)
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process_application_payload(state, block.body) # [New in Merge]
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```
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#### Application payload processing
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##### `get_application_state`
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*Note*: `ApplicationState` class is an abstract class representing ethereum application state.
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Let `get_application_state(application_state_root: Bytes32) -> ApplicationState` be the function that given the root hash returns a copy of ethereum application state.
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The body of the function is implementation dependent.
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##### `application_state_transition`
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Let `application_state_transition(application_state: ApplicationState, application_payload: ApplicationPayload) -> None` be the transition function of ethereum application state.
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The body of the function is implementation dependent.
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*Note*: `application_state_transition` must throw `AssertionError` if either the transition itself or one of the post-transition verifications has failed.
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##### `process_application_payload`
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```python
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def process_application_payload(state: BeaconState, body: BeaconBlockBody) -> None:
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"""
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Note: This function is designed to be able to be run in parallel with the other `process_block` sub-functions
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"""
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if is_transition_completed(state):
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application_state = get_application_state(state.application_state_root)
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application_state_transition(application_state, body.application_payload)
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state.application_state_root = body.application_payload.state_root
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state.application_block_hash = body.application_payload.block_hash
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elif is_transition_block(state, body):
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assert body.application_payload == ApplicationPayload(block_hash=body.application_payload.block_hash)
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state.application_block_hash = body.application_payload.block_hash
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else:
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assert body.application_payload == ApplicationPayload()
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```
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@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
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# Ethereum 2.0 The Merge
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**Notice**: This document is a work-in-progress for researchers and implementers.
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## Table of contents
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<!-- TOC -->
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<!-- START doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
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<!-- DON'T EDIT THIS SECTION, INSTEAD RE-RUN doctoc TO UPDATE -->
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- [Introduction](#introduction)
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- [Helpers](#helpers)
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- [`PowBlock`](#powblock)
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- [`get_pow_block`](#get_pow_block)
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- [`is_valid_transition_block`](#is_valid_transition_block)
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- [Updated fork-choice handlers](#updated-fork-choice-handlers)
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- [`on_block`](#on_block)
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<!-- END doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
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<!-- /TOC -->
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## Introduction
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This is the modification of the fork choice according to the executable beacon chain proposal.
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*Note*: It introduces the process of transition from the last PoW block to the first PoS block.
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### Helpers
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#### `PowBlock`
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```python
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class PowBlock(Container):
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block_hash: Bytes32
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is_processed: boolean
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is_valid: boolean
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total_difficulty: uint256
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```
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#### `get_pow_block`
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Let `get_pow_block(hash: Bytes32) -> PowBlock` be the function that given the hash of the PoW block returns its data.
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*Note*: The `eth_getBlockByHash` JSON-RPC method does not distinguish invalid blocks from blocks that haven't been processed yet. Either extending this existing method or implementing a new one is required.
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#### `is_valid_transition_block`
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Used by fork-choice handler, `on_block`.
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```python
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def is_valid_transition_block(block: PowBlock) -> boolean:
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is_total_difficulty_reached = block.total_difficulty >= TRANSITION_TOTAL_DIFFICULTY
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return block.is_valid and is_total_difficulty_reached
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```
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### Updated fork-choice handlers
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#### `on_block`
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*Note*: The only modification is the addition of the verification of transition block conditions.
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```python
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def on_block(store: Store, signed_block: SignedBeaconBlock) -> None:
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block = signed_block.message
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# Parent block must be known
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assert block.parent_root in store.block_states
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# Make a copy of the state to avoid mutability issues
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pre_state = copy(store.block_states[block.parent_root])
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# Blocks cannot be in the future. If they are, their consideration must be delayed until the are in the past.
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assert get_current_slot(store) >= block.slot
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# Check that block is later than the finalized epoch slot (optimization to reduce calls to get_ancestor)
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finalized_slot = compute_start_slot_at_epoch(store.finalized_checkpoint.epoch)
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assert block.slot > finalized_slot
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# Check block is a descendant of the finalized block at the checkpoint finalized slot
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assert get_ancestor(store, block.parent_root, finalized_slot) == store.finalized_checkpoint.root
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# [New in Merge]
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if is_transition_block(pre_state, block.body):
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# Delay consideration of block until PoW block is processed by the PoW node
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pow_block = get_pow_block(block.body.application_payload.block_hash)
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assert pow_block.is_processed
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assert is_valid_transition_block(pow_block)
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# Check the block is valid and compute the post-state
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state = pre_state.copy()
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state_transition(state, signed_block, True)
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# Add new block to the store
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store.blocks[hash_tree_root(block)] = block
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# Add new state for this block to the store
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store.block_states[hash_tree_root(block)] = state
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# Update justified checkpoint
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if state.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch > store.justified_checkpoint.epoch:
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if state.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch > store.best_justified_checkpoint.epoch:
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store.best_justified_checkpoint = state.current_justified_checkpoint
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if should_update_justified_checkpoint(store, state.current_justified_checkpoint):
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store.justified_checkpoint = state.current_justified_checkpoint
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# Update finalized checkpoint
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if state.finalized_checkpoint.epoch > store.finalized_checkpoint.epoch:
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store.finalized_checkpoint = state.finalized_checkpoint
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# Potentially update justified if different from store
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if store.justified_checkpoint != state.current_justified_checkpoint:
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# Update justified if new justified is later than store justified
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if state.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch > store.justified_checkpoint.epoch:
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store.justified_checkpoint = state.current_justified_checkpoint
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return
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# Update justified if store justified is not in chain with finalized checkpoint
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finalized_slot = compute_start_slot_at_epoch(store.finalized_checkpoint.epoch)
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ancestor_at_finalized_slot = get_ancestor(store, store.justified_checkpoint.root, finalized_slot)
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if ancestor_at_finalized_slot != store.finalized_checkpoint.root:
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store.justified_checkpoint = state.current_justified_checkpoint
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```
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# Ethereum 2.0 The Merge
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**Warning:** This document is currently based on [Phase 0](../phase0/validator.md) but will be rebased to [Altair](../altair/validator.md) once the latter is shipped.
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**Notice**: This document is a work-in-progress for researchers and implementers.
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## Table of contents
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<!-- TOC -->
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<!-- START doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
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<!-- DON'T EDIT THIS SECTION, INSTEAD RE-RUN doctoc TO UPDATE -->
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- [Introduction](#introduction)
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- [Prerequisites](#prerequisites)
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- [Beacon chain responsibilities](#beacon-chain-responsibilities)
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- [Block proposal](#block-proposal)
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- [Constructing the `BeaconBlockBody`](#constructing-the-beaconblockbody)
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- [Application Payload](#application-payload)
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- [`get_pow_chain_head`](#get_pow_chain_head)
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- [`produce_application_payload`](#produce_application_payload)
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<!-- END doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
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<!-- /TOC -->
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## Introduction
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This document represents the changes to be made in the code of an "honest validator" to implement executable beacon chain proposal.
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## Prerequisites
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This document is an extension of the [Phase 0 -- Validator](../phase0/validator.md). All behaviors and definitions defined in the Phase 0 doc carry over unless explicitly noted or overridden.
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All terminology, constants, functions, and protocol mechanics defined in the updated Beacon Chain doc of [The Merge](./beacon-chain.md) are requisite for this document and used throughout. Please see related Beacon Chain doc before continuing and use them as a reference throughout.
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## Beacon chain responsibilities
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All validator responsibilities remain unchanged other than those noted below. Namely, the transition block handling and the addition of `ApplicationPayload`.
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### Block proposal
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#### Constructing the `BeaconBlockBody`
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##### Application Payload
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###### `get_pow_chain_head`
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Let `get_pow_chain_head() -> PowBlock` be the function that returns the head of the PoW chain. The body of the function is implementation specific.
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###### `produce_application_payload`
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Let `produce_application_payload(parent_hash: Bytes32) -> ApplicationPayload` be the function that produces new instance of application payload.
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The body of this function is implementation dependent.
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* Set `block.body.application_payload = get_application_payload(state)` where:
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```python
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def get_application_payload(state: BeaconState) -> ApplicationPayload:
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if not is_transition_completed(state):
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pow_block = get_pow_chain_head()
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if pow_block.total_difficulty < TRANSITION_TOTAL_DIFFICULTY:
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# Pre-merge, empty payload
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return ApplicationPayload()
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else:
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# Signify merge via last PoW block_hash and an otherwise empty payload
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return ApplicationPayload(block_hash=pow_block.block_hash)
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# Post-merge, normal payload
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application_parent_hash = state.application_block_hash
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return produce_application_payload(state.application_block_hash)
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```
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