builders make blobs, proposers make blocks
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@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
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<!-- DON'T EDIT THIS SECTION, INSTEAD RE-RUN doctoc TO UPDATE -->
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- [Introduction](#introduction)
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- [Glossary](#glossary)
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- [Custom types](#custom-types)
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- [Constants](#constants)
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- [Misc](#misc)
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@ -23,15 +24,25 @@
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- [Updated containers](#updated-containers)
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- [`AttestationData`](#attestationdata)
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- [`BeaconBlockBody`](#beaconblockbody)
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- [`Builder`](#builder)
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- [`BeaconState`](#beaconstate)
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- [New containers](#new-containers)
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- [`DataCommitment`](#datacommitment)
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- [ShardBlobBody](#shardblobbody)
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- [`ShardBlobBodySummary`](#shardblobbodysummary)
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- [`ShardBlob`](#shardblob)
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- [`ShardBlobHeader`](#shardblobheader)
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- [`SignedShardBlob`](#signedshardblob)
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- [`SignedShardBlobHeader`](#signedshardblobheader)
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- [ShardBlock](#shardblock)
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- [`ShardBlockHeader`](#shardblockheader)
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- [`SignedShardBlock`](#signedshardblock)
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- [`SignedShardBlockHeader`](#signedshardblockheader)
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- [`PendingShardHeader`](#pendingshardheader)
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- [`ShardBlobReference`](#shardblobreference)
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- [`SignedShardBlobReference`](#signedshardblobreference)
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- [`ShardBlockReference`](#shardblockreference)
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- [`SignedShardBlockReference`](#signedshardblockreference)
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- [`ShardProposerSlashing`](#shardproposerslashing)
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- [`ShardWork`](#shardwork)
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- [Helper functions](#helper-functions)
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@ -51,6 +62,7 @@
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- [Block processing](#block-processing)
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- [Operations](#operations)
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- [Extended Attestation processing](#extended-attestation-processing)
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- [`charge_builder`](#charge_builder)
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- [`process_shard_header`](#process_shard_header)
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- [`process_shard_proposer_slashing`](#process_shard_proposer_slashing)
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- [Epoch transition](#epoch-transition)
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@ -68,6 +80,13 @@ This document describes the extensions made to the Phase 0 design of The Beacon
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based on the ideas [here](https://hackmd.io/G-Iy5jqyT7CXWEz8Ssos8g) and more broadly [here](https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.09044),
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using KZG10 commitments to commit to data to remove any need for fraud proofs (and hence, safety-critical synchrony assumptions) in the design.
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### Glossary
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- **Data**: A list of KZG points, to translate a byte string into
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- **Blob**: Data with commitments and meta-data, like a flattened bundle of L2 transactions.
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- **Builder**: Builds blobs and bids for proposal slots with fee-paying blob-headers, responsible for availability.
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- **Shard proposer**: Validator, selects a signed blob-header, taking bids for shard data opportunity.
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- **Shard block**: Unique per `(slot, shard, proposer)`, selected signed blob
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## Custom types
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@ -78,6 +97,7 @@ We define the following Python custom types for type hinting and readability:
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| `Shard` | `uint64` | A shard number |
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| `BLSCommitment` | `Bytes48` | A G1 curve point |
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| `BLSPoint` | `uint256` | A number `x` in the range `0 <= x < MODULUS` |
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| `BuilderIndex` | `uint64` | Builder registry index |
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## Constants
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| Name | Value |
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| - | - |
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| `DOMAIN_SHARD_PROPOSER` | `DomainType('0x80000000')` |
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| `DOMAIN_SHARD_COMMITTEE` | `DomainType('0x81000000')` |
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| `DOMAIN_SHARD_BUILDER` | `DomainType('0x81000000')` |
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### Shard Work Status
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@ -118,6 +138,7 @@ The following values are (non-configurable) constants used throughout the specif
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| `MAX_SHARD_PROPOSER_SLASHINGS` | `2**4` (= 16) | Maximum amount of shard proposer slashing operations per block |
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| `MAX_SHARD_HEADERS_PER_SHARD` | `4` | |
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| `SHARD_STATE_MEMORY_SLOTS` | `uint64(2**8)` (= 256) | Number of slots for which shard commitments and confirmation status is directly available in the state |
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| `BUILDER_REGISTRY_LIMIT` | `uint64(2**40)` (= 1,099,511,627,776) | builders |
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### Shard block samples
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@ -162,8 +183,8 @@ class AttestationData(Container):
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# FFG vote
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source: Checkpoint
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target: Checkpoint
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# Shard header root
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shard_header_root: Root # [New in Sharding]
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# Hash-tree-root of ShardBlock
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shard_block_root: Root # [New in Sharding]
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```
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### `BeaconBlockBody`
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```python
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class BeaconBlockBody(merge.BeaconBlockBody): # [extends The Merge block body]
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shard_proposer_slashings: List[ShardProposerSlashing, MAX_SHARD_PROPOSER_SLASHINGS]
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shard_headers: List[SignedShardBlobHeader, MAX_SHARDS * MAX_SHARD_HEADERS_PER_SHARD]
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shard_headers: List[SignedShardBlockHeader, MAX_SHARDS * MAX_SHARD_HEADERS_PER_SHARD]
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```
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### `Builder`
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```python
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class Builder(Container):
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pubkey: BLSPubkey
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# TODO: fields for either an expiry mechanism (refunding execution account with remaining balance)
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# and/or a builder-transaction mechanism.
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```
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### `BeaconState`
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previous_epoch_attestations: List[PendingAttestation, MAX_ATTESTATIONS * SLOTS_PER_EPOCH]
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current_epoch_attestations: List[PendingAttestation, MAX_ATTESTATIONS * SLOTS_PER_EPOCH]
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# [New fields]
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# Builder registry.
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builders: List[Builder, BUILDER_REGISTRY_LIMIT]
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builder_balances: List[Gwei, BUILDER_REGISTRY_LIMIT]
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# A ring buffer of the latest slots, with information per active shard.
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shard_buffer: Vector[List[ShardWork, MAX_SHARDS], SHARD_STATE_MEMORY_SLOTS]
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shard_gasprice: uint64
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## New containers
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The shard data itself is network-layer only, and can be found in the [P2P specification](./p2p-interface.md).
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The beacon chain registers just the commitments of the shard data.
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### `DataCommitment`
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```python
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length: uint64
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```
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### ShardBlobBody
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Unsigned shard data, bundled by a shard-builder.
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Unique, signing different bodies as shard proposer for the same `(slot, shard)` is slashable.
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```python
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class ShardBlobBody(Container):
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# The actual data commitment
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commitment: DataCommitment
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# Proof that the degree < commitment.length
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degree_proof: BLSCommitment
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# The actual data. Should match the commitment and degree proof.
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data: List[BLSPoint, POINTS_PER_SAMPLE * MAX_SAMPLES_PER_BLOCK]
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# Latest block root of the Beacon Chain, before shard_blob.slot
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beacon_block_root: Root
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# Builder of the data, pays data-fee to proposer
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builder_index: BuilderIndex
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# TODO: fee payment amount fields (EIP 1559 like)
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```
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### `ShardBlobBodySummary`
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Summary version of the `ShardBlobBody`, omitting the data payload, while preserving the data-commitments.
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The commitments are not further collapsed to a single hash,
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to avoid an extra network roundtrip between proposer and builder, to include the header on-chain more quickly.
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```python
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class ShardBlobBodySummary(Container):
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# The actual data commitment
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@ -214,36 +269,110 @@ class ShardBlobBodySummary(Container):
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data_root: Root
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# Latest block root of the Beacon Chain, before shard_blob.slot
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beacon_block_root: Root
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# Builder of the data, pays data-fee to proposer
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builder_index: BuilderIndex
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# TODO: fee payment amount fields (EIP 1559 like)
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```
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### `ShardBlob`
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`ShardBlobBody` wrapped with the header data that is unique to the shard blob proposal.
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```python
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class ShardBlob(Container):
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slot: Slot
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shard: Shard
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# Blob contents
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body: ShardBlobBody
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```
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### `ShardBlobHeader`
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Header version of `ShardBlob`. Separates designation (slot, shard) and contents (blob).
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```python
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class ShardBlobHeader(Container):
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# Slot and shard that this header is intended for
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slot: Slot
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shard: Shard
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# SSZ-summary of ShardBlobBody
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# Blob contents, without the full data
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body_summary: ShardBlobBodySummary
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# Proposer of the shard-blob
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proposer_index: ValidatorIndex
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```
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### `SignedShardBlob`
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Full blob data, signed by the shard builder, ensuring fee payment.
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```python
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class SignedShardBlob(Container):
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message: ShardBlob
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signature: BLSSignature
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```
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### `SignedShardBlobHeader`
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Header of the blob, the signature is equally applicable to `SignedShardBlob`.
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Shard proposers can accept `SignedShardBlobHeader` as a data-transaction.
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```python
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class SignedShardBlobHeader(Container):
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message: ShardBlobHeader
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signature: BLSSignature
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```
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### ShardBlock
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Full blob data signed by builder, to be confirmed by proxy as `ShardBlockHeader`.
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```python
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class ShardBlock(Container):
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# Shard data with fee payment by bundle builder
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signed_blob: SignedShardBlob
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# Proposer of the shard-blob
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proposer_index: ValidatorIndex
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```
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### `ShardBlockHeader`
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Header version of `ShardBlock`, selecting a `SignedShardBlobHeader`.
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```python
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class ShardBlockHeader(Container):
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# Shard commitments and fee payment by blob builder
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signed_blob_header: SignedShardBlobHeader
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# Proposer of the shard-blob
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proposer_index: ValidatorIndex
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```
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### `SignedShardBlock`
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Shard blob, signed for payment, and signed for proposal. Propagated to attesters.
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```python
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class SignedShardBlock(Container):
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message: ShardBlock
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signature: BLSSignature
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```
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### `SignedShardBlockHeader`
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Header version of `SignedShardBlock`, substituting the full data within the blob for just the hash-tree-root.
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The signature is equally applicable to `SignedShardBlock`,
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which the builder can publish as soon as the signed header is seen.
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```python
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class SignedShardBlockHeader(Container):
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message: ShardBlockHeader
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signature: BLSSignature
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```
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### `PendingShardHeader`
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```python
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class PendingShardHeader(Container):
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# KZG10 commitment to the data
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commitment: DataCommitment
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# hash_tree_root of the ShardHeader (stored so that attestations can be checked against it)
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# hash_tree_root of the ShardBlockHeader (stored so that attestations can be checked against it)
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root: Root
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# Who voted for the header
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votes: Bitlist[MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE]
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### `ShardBlobReference`
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Reference version of `ShardBlobHeader`, substituting the body for just a hash-tree-root.
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```python
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class ShardBlobReference(Container):
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# Slot and shard that this reference is intended for
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slot: Slot
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shard: Shard
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# Hash-tree-root of ShardBlobBody
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# Blob hash-tree-root for reference, enough for uniqueness
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body_root: Root
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# Proposer of the shard-blob
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proposer_index: ValidatorIndex
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```
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### `SignedShardBlobReference`
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`ShardBlobReference`, signed by the blob builder. The builder-signature is part of the block identity.
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```python
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class SignedShardBlobReference(Container):
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message: ShardBlobReference
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signature: BLSSignature
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```
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### `ShardBlockReference`
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```python
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class ShardBlockReference(Container):
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# Blob, minimized for efficient slashing
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signed_blob_reference: SignedShardBlobReference
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# Proposer of the shard-blob
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proposer_index: ValidatorIndex
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```
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### `SignedShardBlockReference`
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```python
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class SignedShardBlockReference(Container):
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message: ShardBlockReference
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signature: BLSSignature
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```
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### `ShardProposerSlashing`
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```python
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class ShardProposerSlashing(Container):
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signed_reference_1: SignedShardBlobReference
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signed_reference_2: SignedShardBlobReference
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signed_reference_1: SignedShardBlockReference
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signed_reference_2: SignedShardBlockReference
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```
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### `ShardWork`
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current_headers: Sequence[PendingShardHeader] = committee_work.status.value
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# Find the corresponding header, abort if it cannot be found
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header_index = [header.root for header in current_headers].index(attestation.data.shard_header_root)
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header_index = [header.root for header in current_headers].index(attestation.data.shard_block_root)
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pending_header: PendingShardHeader = current_headers[header_index]
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full_committee = get_beacon_committee(state, attestation.data.slot, attestation.data.index)
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)
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```
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#### `charge_builder`
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```python
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def charge_builder(state: BeaconState, index: BuilderIndex, fee: Gwei) -> None:
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"""
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Decrease the builder balance at index ``index`` by ``fee``, with underflow check.
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"""
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assert state.builder_balances[index] >= fee
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state.builder_balances[index] -= fee
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```
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##### `process_shard_header`
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```python
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def process_shard_header(state: BeaconState, signed_header: SignedShardBlobHeader) -> None:
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header = signed_header.message
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def process_shard_header(state: BeaconState, signed_block_header: SignedShardBlockHeader) -> None:
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block_header: ShardBlockHeader = signed_block_header.message
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signed_blob_header: SignedShardBlobHeader = block_header.signed_blob_header
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blob_header: ShardBlobHeader = signed_blob_header.message
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slot = blob_header.slot
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shard = blob_header.shard
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# Verify the header is not 0, and not from the future.
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assert Slot(0) < header.slot <= state.slot
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header_epoch = compute_epoch_at_slot(header.slot)
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assert Slot(0) < slot <= state.slot
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header_epoch = compute_epoch_at_slot(slot)
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# Verify that the header is within the processing time window
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assert header_epoch in [get_previous_epoch(state), get_current_epoch(state)]
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# Verify that the shard is active
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assert header.shard < get_active_shard_count(state, header_epoch)
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assert shard < get_active_shard_count(state, header_epoch)
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# Verify that the block root matches,
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# to ensure the header will only be included in this specific Beacon Chain sub-tree.
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assert header.body_summary.beacon_block_root == get_block_root_at_slot(state, header.slot - 1)
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assert blob_header.body_summary.beacon_block_root == get_block_root_at_slot(state, slot - 1)
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# Check that this data is still pending
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committee_work = state.shard_buffer[header.slot % SHARD_STATE_MEMORY_SLOTS][header.shard]
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committee_work = state.shard_buffer[slot % SHARD_STATE_MEMORY_SLOTS][shard]
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assert committee_work.status.selector == SHARD_WORK_PENDING
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# Check that this header is not yet in the pending list
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current_headers: List[PendingShardHeader, MAX_SHARD_HEADERS_PER_SHARD] = committee_work.status.value
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header_root = hash_tree_root(header)
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header_root = hash_tree_root(block_header)
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assert header_root not in [pending_header.root for pending_header in current_headers]
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# Verify proposer
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assert header.proposer_index == get_shard_proposer_index(state, header.slot, header.shard)
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# Verify signature
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signing_root = compute_signing_root(header, get_domain(state, DOMAIN_SHARD_PROPOSER))
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assert bls.Verify(state.validators[header.proposer_index].pubkey, signing_root, signed_header.signature)
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assert block_header.proposer_index == get_shard_proposer_index(state, slot, shard)
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# Verify proposer signature
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block_signing_root = compute_signing_root(block_header, get_domain(state, DOMAIN_SHARD_PROPOSER))
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proposer_pubkey = state.validators[block_header.proposer_index].pubkey
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assert bls.Verify(proposer_pubkey, block_signing_root, signed_block_header.signature)
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# Verify builder requirements
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blob_summary: ShardBlobBodySummary = blob_header.body_summary
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builder_index = blob_summary.builder_index
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# Verify builder signature
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builder = state.builders[builder_index]
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blob_signing_root = compute_signing_root(blob_header, get_domain(state, DOMAIN_SHARD_BUILDER)) # TODO new constant
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assert bls.Verify(builder.pubkey, blob_signing_root, signed_blob_header.signature)
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# Verify the length by verifying the degree.
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body_summary = header.body_summary
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@ -594,12 +769,16 @@ def process_shard_header(state: BeaconState, signed_header: SignedShardBlobHeade
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== bls.Pairing(body_summary.commitment.point, G2_SETUP[-body_summary.commitment.length])
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)
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# Charge builder, with hard balance requirement
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fee = Gwei(123) # TODO
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charge_builder(state, builder_index, fee)
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||||
# Initialize the pending header
|
||||
index = compute_committee_index_from_shard(state, header.slot, header.shard)
|
||||
committee_length = len(get_beacon_committee(state, header.slot, index))
|
||||
index = compute_committee_index_from_shard(state, slot, shard)
|
||||
committee_length = len(get_beacon_committee(state, slot, index))
|
||||
initial_votes = Bitlist[MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE]([0] * committee_length)
|
||||
pending_header = PendingShardHeader(
|
||||
commitment=body_summary.commitment,
|
||||
commitment=blob_summary.commitment,
|
||||
root=header_root,
|
||||
votes=initial_votes,
|
||||
weight=0,
|
||||
|
@ -619,17 +798,22 @@ The goal is to ensure that a proof can only be constructed if `deg(B) < l` (ther
|
|||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
def process_shard_proposer_slashing(state: BeaconState, proposer_slashing: ShardProposerSlashing) -> None:
|
||||
reference_1 = proposer_slashing.signed_reference_1.message
|
||||
reference_2 = proposer_slashing.signed_reference_2.message
|
||||
reference_1: ShardBlockReference = proposer_slashing.signed_reference_1.message
|
||||
reference_2 : ShardBlockReference = proposer_slashing.signed_reference_2.message
|
||||
blob_1 = reference_1.signed_blob_reference.message
|
||||
blob_2 = reference_2.signed_blob_reference.message
|
||||
|
||||
# Verify header slots match
|
||||
assert reference_1.slot == reference_2.slot
|
||||
assert blob_1.slot == blob_2.slot
|
||||
# Verify header shards match
|
||||
assert reference_1.shard == reference_2.shard
|
||||
assert blob_1.shard == blob_2.shard
|
||||
# Verify header proposer indices match
|
||||
assert reference_1.proposer_index == reference_2.proposer_index
|
||||
# Verify the headers are different (i.e. different body)
|
||||
assert reference_1 != reference_2
|
||||
# Verify the headers are different (i.e. different body, or different builder signature)
|
||||
assert (
|
||||
blob_1.body_root != blob_2.body_root
|
||||
or reference_1.signed_blob_reference.signature != reference_2.signed_blob_reference.signature
|
||||
)
|
||||
# Verify the proposer is slashable
|
||||
proposer = state.validators[reference_1.proposer_index]
|
||||
assert is_slashable_validator(proposer, get_current_epoch(state))
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -11,10 +11,6 @@
|
|||
- [Introduction](#introduction)
|
||||
- [Constants](#constants)
|
||||
- [Misc](#misc)
|
||||
- [New containers](#new-containers)
|
||||
- [ShardBlobBody](#shardblobbody)
|
||||
- [ShardBlob](#shardblob)
|
||||
- [SignedShardBlob](#signedshardblob)
|
||||
- [Gossip domain](#gossip-domain)
|
||||
- [Topics and messages](#topics-and-messages)
|
||||
- [Shard blob subnets](#shard-blob-subnets)
|
||||
|
@ -40,47 +36,6 @@ The adjustments and additions for Shards are outlined in this document.
|
|||
| ---- | ----- | ----------- |
|
||||
| `SHARD_BLOB_SUBNET_COUNT` | `64` | The number of `shard_blob_{subnet_id}` subnets used in the gossipsub protocol. |
|
||||
|
||||
## New containers
|
||||
|
||||
### ShardBlobBody
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
class ShardBlobBody(Container):
|
||||
# The actual data commitment
|
||||
commitment: DataCommitment
|
||||
# Proof that the degree < commitment.length
|
||||
degree_proof: BLSCommitment
|
||||
# The actual data. Should match the commitment and degree proof.
|
||||
data: List[BLSPoint, POINTS_PER_SAMPLE * MAX_SAMPLES_PER_BLOCK]
|
||||
# Latest block root of the Beacon Chain, before shard_blob.slot
|
||||
beacon_block_root: Root
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The user MUST always verify the commitments in the `body` are valid for the `data` in the `body`.
|
||||
|
||||
### ShardBlob
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
class ShardBlob(Container):
|
||||
# Slot and shard that this blob is intended for
|
||||
slot: Slot
|
||||
shard: Shard
|
||||
# Shard data with related commitments and beacon anchor
|
||||
body: ShardBlobBody
|
||||
# Proposer of the shard-blob
|
||||
proposer_index: ValidatorIndex
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This is the expanded form of the `ShardBlobHeader` type.
|
||||
|
||||
### SignedShardBlob
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
class SignedShardBlob(Container):
|
||||
message: ShardBlob
|
||||
signature: BLSSignature
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Gossip domain
|
||||
|
||||
### Topics and messages
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue