Merge pull request #499 from ethereum/prioritize-epochs

make epochs first class citizens
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Danny Ryan 2019-01-27 17:28:16 -07:00 committed by GitHub
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@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
- [Deposit contract](#deposit-contract)
- [Initial values](#initial-values)
- [Time parameters](#time-parameters)
- [State list lengths](#state-list-lengths)
- [Reward and penalty quotients](#reward-and-penalty-quotients)
- [Status flags](#status-flags)
- [Max operations per block](#max-operations-per-block)
@ -61,14 +62,17 @@
- [Helper functions](#helper-functions)
- [`hash`](#hash)
- [`hash_tree_root`](#hash_tree_root)
- [`slot_to_epoch`](#slot_to_epoch)
- [`get_current_epoch`](#get_current_epoch)
- [`get_epoch_start_slot`](#get_epoch_start_slot)
- [`is_active_validator`](#is_active_validator)
- [`get_active_validator_indices`](#get_active_validator_indices)
- [`shuffle`](#shuffle)
- [`split`](#split)
- [`get_committee_count_per_slot`](#get_committee_count_per_slot)
- [`get_epoch_committee_count`](#get_epoch_committee_count)
- [`get_shuffling`](#get_shuffling)
- [`get_previous_epoch_committee_count_per_slot`](#get_previous_epoch_committee_count_per_slot)
- [`get_current_epoch_committee_count_per_slot`](#get_current_epoch_committee_count_per_slot)
- [`get_previous_epoch_committee_count`](#get_previous_epoch_committee_count)
- [`get_current_epoch_committee_count`](#get_current_epoch_committee_count)
- [`get_crosslink_committees_at_slot`](#get_crosslink_committees_at_slot)
- [`get_block_root`](#get_block_root)
- [`get_randao_mix`](#get_randao_mix)
@ -85,7 +89,7 @@
- [`is_double_vote`](#is_double_vote)
- [`is_surround_vote`](#is_surround_vote)
- [`integer_squareroot`](#integer_squareroot)
- [`entry_exit_effect_slot`](#entry_exit_effect_slot)
- [`get_entry_exit_effect_epoch`](#get_entry_exit_effect_epoch)
- [`bls_verify`](#bls_verify)
- [`bls_verify_multiple`](#bls_verify_multiple)
- [`bls_aggregate_pubkeys`](#bls_aggregate_pubkeys)
@ -93,10 +97,10 @@
- [Routine for processing deposits](#routine-for-processing-deposits)
- [Routines for updating validator status](#routines-for-updating-validator-status)
- [Per-slot processing](#per-slot-processing)
- [Misc counters](#misc-counters)
- [Slot](#slot)
- [Block roots](#block-roots)
- [Per-block processing](#per-block-processing)
- [Slot](#slot)
- [Slot](#slot-1)
- [Proposer signature](#proposer-signature)
- [RANDAO](#randao)
- [Eth1 data](#eth1-data)
@ -168,10 +172,6 @@ Code snippets appearing in `this style` are to be interpreted as Python code. Be
| `MAX_BALANCE_CHURN_QUOTIENT` | `2**5` (= 32) | - |
| `BEACON_CHAIN_SHARD_NUMBER` | `2**64 - 1` | - |
| `MAX_CASPER_VOTES` | `2**10` (= 1,024) | votes |
| `LATEST_BLOCK_ROOTS_LENGTH` | `2**13` (= 8,192) | block roots |
| `LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH` | `2**13` (= 8,192) | randao mixes |
| `LATEST_INDEX_ROOTS_LENGTH` | `2**13` (= 8,192) | index roots |
| `LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH` | `2**13` (= 8,192) | epochs | ~36 days |
| `MAX_WITHDRAWALS_PER_EPOCH` | `2**2` (= 4) | withdrawals |
* For the safety of crosslinks `TARGET_COMMITTEE_SIZE` exceeds [the recommended minimum committee size of 111](https://vitalik.ca/files/Ithaca201807_Sharding.pdf); with sufficient active validators (at least `EPOCH_LENGTH * TARGET_COMMITTEE_SIZE`), the shuffling algorithm ensures committee sizes at least `TARGET_COMMITTEE_SIZE`. (Unbiasable randomness with a Verifiable Delay Function (VDF) will improve committee robustness and lower the safe minimum committee size.)
@ -191,8 +191,9 @@ Code snippets appearing in `this style` are to be interpreted as Python code. Be
| - | - |
| `GENESIS_FORK_VERSION` | `0` |
| `GENESIS_SLOT` | `0` |
| `GENESIS_EPOCH` | `slot_to_epoch(GENESIS_SLOT)` |
| `GENESIS_START_SHARD` | `0` |
| `FAR_FUTURE_SLOT` | `2**64 - 1` |
| `FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH` | `2**64 - 1` |
| `ZERO_HASH` | `int_to_bytes32(0)` |
| `EMPTY_SIGNATURE` | `int_to_bytes96(0)` |
| `BLS_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX_BYTE` | `int_to_bytes1(0)` |
@ -204,10 +205,18 @@ Code snippets appearing in `this style` are to be interpreted as Python code. Be
| `SLOT_DURATION` | `6` | seconds | 6 seconds |
| `MIN_ATTESTATION_INCLUSION_DELAY` | `2**2` (= 4) | slots | 24 seconds |
| `EPOCH_LENGTH` | `2**6` (= 64) | slots | 6.4 minutes |
| `SEED_LOOKAHEAD` | `2**6` (= 64) | slots | 6.4 minutes |
| `ENTRY_EXIT_DELAY` | `2**8` (= 256) | slots | 25.6 minutes |
| `ETH1_DATA_VOTING_PERIOD` | `2**10` (= 1,024) | slots | ~1.7 hours |
| `MIN_VALIDATOR_WITHDRAWAL_TIME` | `2**14` (= 16,384) | slots | ~27 hours |
| `SEED_LOOKAHEAD` | `2**0` (= 1) | epochs | 6.4 minutes |
| `ENTRY_EXIT_DELAY` | `2**2` (= 4) | epochs | 25.6 minutes |
| `ETH1_DATA_VOTING_PERIOD` | `2**4` (= 16) | epochs | ~1.7 hours |
| `MIN_VALIDATOR_WITHDRAWAL_EPOCHS` | `2**8` (= 256) | epochs | ~27 hours |
### State list lengths
| Name | Value | Unit |
| `LATEST_BLOCK_ROOTS_LENGTH` | `2**13` (= 8,192) | slots |
| `LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH` | `2**13` (= 8,192) | epochs |
| `LATEST_INDEX_ROOTS_LENGTH` | `2**13` (= 8,192) | epochs |
| `LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH` | `2**13` (= 8,192) | epochs |
### Reward and penalty quotients
@ -334,8 +343,8 @@ The following data structures are defined as [SimpleSerialize (SSZ)](https://git
'shard_block_root': 'bytes32',
# Last crosslink's hash of root
'latest_crosslink_root': 'bytes32',
# Slot of the last justified beacon block
'justified_slot': 'uint64',
# Last justified epoch in the beacon state
'justified_epoch': 'uint64',
# Hash of the last justified beacon block
'justified_block_root': 'bytes32',
}
@ -399,8 +408,8 @@ The following data structures are defined as [SimpleSerialize (SSZ)](https://git
```python
{
# Minimum slot for processing exit
'slot': 'uint64',
# Minimum epoch for processing exit
'epoch': 'uint64',
# Index of the exiting validator
'validator_index': 'uint24',
# Validator signature
@ -471,7 +480,7 @@ The following data structures are defined as [SimpleSerialize (SSZ)](https://git
# Validator registry
'validator_registry': [Validator],
'validator_balances': ['uint64'],
'validator_registry_update_slot': 'uint64',
'validator_registry_update_epoch': 'uint64',
'validator_registry_exit_count': 'uint64',
# Randomness and committees
@ -479,8 +488,8 @@ The following data structures are defined as [SimpleSerialize (SSZ)](https://git
'latest_vdf_outputs': ['bytes32'],
'previous_epoch_start_shard': 'uint64',
'current_epoch_start_shard': 'uint64',
'previous_epoch_calculation_slot': 'uint64',
'current_epoch_calculation_slot': 'uint64',
'previous_calculation_epoch': 'uint64',
'current_calculation_epoch': 'uint64',
'previous_epoch_seed': 'bytes32',
'current_epoch_seed': 'bytes32',
@ -488,10 +497,10 @@ The following data structures are defined as [SimpleSerialize (SSZ)](https://git
'custody_challenges': [CustodyChallenge],
# Finality
'previous_justified_slot': 'uint64',
'justified_slot': 'uint64',
'previous_justified_epoch': 'uint64',
'justified_epoch': 'uint64',
'justification_bitfield': 'uint64',
'finalized_slot': 'uint64',
'finalized_epoch': 'uint64',
# Recent state
'latest_crosslinks': [Crosslink],
@ -515,14 +524,14 @@ The following data structures are defined as [SimpleSerialize (SSZ)](https://git
'pubkey': 'bytes48',
# Withdrawal credentials
'withdrawal_credentials': 'bytes32',
# Slot when validator activated
'activation_slot': 'uint64',
# Slot when validator exited
'exit_slot': 'uint64',
# Slot when validator withdrew
'withdrawal_slot': 'uint64',
# Slot when validator was penalized
'penalized_slot': 'uint64',
# Epoch when validator activated
'activation_epoch': 'uint64',
# Epoch when validator exited
'exit_epoch': 'uint64',
# Epoch when validator withdrew
'withdrawal_epoch': 'uint64',
# Epoch when validator was penalized
'penalized_epoch': 'uint64',
# Exit counter when validator exited
'exit_count': 'uint64',
# Status flags
@ -538,8 +547,8 @@ The following data structures are defined as [SimpleSerialize (SSZ)](https://git
```python
{
# Slot number
'slot': 'uint64',
# Epoch number
'epoch': 'uint64',
# Shard block root
'shard_block_root': 'bytes32',
}
@ -568,8 +577,8 @@ The following data structures are defined as [SimpleSerialize (SSZ)](https://git
'previous_version': 'uint64',
# Current fork version
'current_version': 'uint64',
# Fork slot number
'slot': 'uint64',
# Fork epoch number
'epoch': 'uint64',
}
```
@ -602,6 +611,7 @@ We define the following Python custom types for type hinting and readability:
| Name | Type | Description |
| - | - | - |
| `SlotNumber` | unsigned 64-bit integer | the number of a slot |
| `EpochNumber` | unsigned 64-bit integer | the number of an epoch |
| `ShardNumber` | unsigned 64-bit integer | the number of a shard |
| `ValidatorIndex` | unsigned 24-bit integer | the index number of a validator in the registry |
| `Gwei` | unsigned 64-bit integer | an amount in Gwei |
@ -728,8 +738,8 @@ Beacon block production is significantly different because of the proof of stake
The beacon chain fork choice rule is a hybrid that combines justification and finality with Latest Message Driven (LMD) Greediest Heaviest Observed SubTree (GHOST). At any point in time a [validator](#dfn-validator) `v` subjectively calculates the beacon chain head as follows.
* Abstractly define `Store` as the type of storage object for the chain data and `store` be the set of attestations and blocks that the [validator](#dfn-validator) `v` has observed and verified (in particular, block ancestors must be recursively verified). Attestations not yet included in any chain are still included in `store`.
* Let `finalized_head` be the finalized block with the highest slot number. (A block `B` is finalized if there is a descendant of `B` in `store` the processing of which sets `B` as finalized.)
* Let `justified_head` be the descendant of `finalized_head` with the highest slot number that has been justified for at least `EPOCH_LENGTH` slots. (A block `B` is justified if there is a descendant of `B` in `store` the processing of which sets `B` as justified.) If no such descendant exists set `justified_head` to `finalized_head`.
* Let `finalized_head` be the finalized block with the highest epoch. (A block `B` is finalized if there is a descendant of `B` in `store` the processing of which sets `B` as finalized.)
* Let `justified_head` be the descendant of `finalized_head` with the highest epoch that has been justified for at least 1 epoch. (A block `B` is justified if there is a descendant of `B` in `store` the processing of which sets `B` as justified.) If no such descendant exists set `justified_head` to `finalized_head`.
* Let `get_ancestor(store: Store, block: BeaconBlock, slot: SlotNumber) -> BeaconBlock` be the ancestor of `block` with slot number `slot`. The `get_ancestor` function can be defined recursively as `def get_ancestor(store: Store, block: BeaconBlock, slot: SlotNumber) -> BeaconBlock: return block if block.slot == slot else get_ancestor(store, store.get_parent(block), slot)`.
* Let `get_latest_attestation(store: Store, validator: Validator) -> Attestation` be the attestation with the highest slot number in `store` from `validator`. If several such attestations exist, use the one the [validator](#dfn-validator) `v` observed first.
* Let `get_latest_attestation_target(store: Store, validator: Validator) -> BeaconBlock` be the target block in the attestation `get_latest_attestation(store, validator)`.
@ -769,7 +779,7 @@ def lmd_ghost(store: Store, start_state: BeaconState, start_block: BeaconBlock)
We now define the state transition function. At a high level the state transition is made up of two parts:
1. The per-slot transitions, which happens every slot, and only affects a parts of the `state`.
2. The per-epoch transitions, which happens at every epoch boundary (i.e. `state.slot % EPOCH_LENGTH == 0`), and affects the entire `state`.
2. The per-epoch transitions, which happens in the last slot of every epoch (i.e. `(state.slot + 1) % EPOCH_LENGTH == 0`), and affects the entire `state`.
The per-slot transitions generally focus on verifying aggregate signatures and saving temporary records relating to the per-slot activity in the `BeaconState`. The per-epoch transitions focus on the [validator](#dfn-validator) registry, including adjusting balances and activating and exiting [validators](#dfn-validator), as well as processing crosslinks and managing block justification/finalization.
@ -787,23 +797,44 @@ Note: We aim to migrate to a S[T/N]ARK-friendly hash function in a future Ethere
`def hash_tree_root(object: SSZSerializable) -> Bytes32` is a function for hashing objects into a single root utilizing a hash tree structure. `hash_tree_root` is defined in the [SimpleSerialize spec](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/master/specs/simple-serialize.md#tree-hash).
#### `slot_to_epoch`
```python
def slot_to_epoch(slot: SlotNumber) -> EpochNumber:
return slot // EPOCH_LENGTH
```
#### `get_current_epoch`
```python
def get_current_epoch(state: BeaconState) -> EpochNumber:
return slot_to_epoch(state.slot)
```
#### `get_epoch_start_slot`
```python
def get_epoch_start_slot(epoch: EpochNumber) -> SlotNumber:
return epoch * EPOCH_LENGTH
```
#### `is_active_validator`
```python
def is_active_validator(validator: Validator, slot: SlotNumber) -> bool:
def is_active_validator(validator: Validator, epoch: EpochNumber) -> bool:
"""
Checks if ``validator`` is active.
"""
return validator.activation_slot <= slot < validator.exit_slot
return validator.activation_epoch <= epoch < validator.exit_epoch
```
#### `get_active_validator_indices`
```python
def get_active_validator_indices(validators: List[Validator], slot: SlotNumber) -> List[ValidatorIndex]:
def get_active_validator_indices(validators: List[Validator], epoch: EpochNumber) -> List[ValidatorIndex]:
"""
Gets indices of active validators from ``validators``.
"""
return [i for i, v in enumerate(validators) if is_active_validator(v, slot)]
return [i for i, v in enumerate(validators) if is_active_validator(v, epoch)]
```
#### `shuffle`
@ -873,17 +904,17 @@ def split(values: List[Any], split_count: int) -> List[List[Any]]:
]
```
#### `get_committee_count_per_slot`
#### `get_epoch_committee_count`
```python
def get_committee_count_per_slot(active_validator_count: int) -> int:
def get_epoch_committee_count(active_validator_count: int) -> int:
return max(
1,
min(
SHARD_COUNT // EPOCH_LENGTH,
active_validator_count // EPOCH_LENGTH // TARGET_COMMITTEE_SIZE,
)
)
) * EPOCH_LENGTH
```
#### `get_shuffling`
@ -891,52 +922,49 @@ def get_committee_count_per_slot(active_validator_count: int) -> int:
```python
def get_shuffling(seed: Bytes32,
validators: List[Validator],
slot: SlotNumber) -> List[List[ValidatorIndex]]
epoch: EpochNumber) -> List[List[ValidatorIndex]]
"""
Shuffles ``validators`` into crosslink committees seeded by ``seed`` and ``slot``.
Returns a list of ``EPOCH_LENGTH * committees_per_slot`` committees where each
Shuffles ``validators`` into crosslink committees seeded by ``seed`` and ``epoch``.
Returns a list of ``committees_per_epoch`` committees where each
committee is itself a list of validator indices.
"""
# Normalizes slot to start of epoch boundary
slot -= slot % EPOCH_LENGTH
active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(validators, epoch)
active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(validators, slot)
committees_per_slot = get_committee_count_per_slot(len(active_validator_indices))
committees_per_epoch = get_epoch_committee_count(len(active_validator_indices))
# Shuffle
seed = xor(seed, int_to_bytes32(slot))
seed = xor(seed, int_to_bytes32(epoch))
shuffled_active_validator_indices = shuffle(active_validator_indices, seed)
# Split the shuffled list into epoch_length * committees_per_slot pieces
return split(shuffled_active_validator_indices, committees_per_slot * EPOCH_LENGTH)
# Split the shuffled list into committees_per_epoch pieces
return split(shuffled_active_validator_indices, committees_per_epoch)
```
**Invariant**: if `get_shuffling(seed, validators, slot)` returns some value `x` for some `slot <= state.slot + ENTRY_EXIT_DELAY`, it should return the same value `x` for the same `seed` and `slot` and possible future modifications of `validators` forever in phase 0, and until the ~1 year deletion delay in phase 2 and in the future.
**Invariant**: if `get_shuffling(seed, validators, epoch)` returns some value `x` for some `epoch <= get_current_epoch(state) + ENTRY_EXIT_DELAY`, it should return the same value `x` for the same `seed` and `epoch` and possible future modifications of `validators` forever in phase 0, and until the ~1 year deletion delay in phase 2 and in the future.
**Note**: this definition and the next few definitions make heavy use of repetitive computing. Production implementations are expected to appropriately use caching/memoization to avoid redoing work.
#### `get_previous_epoch_committee_count_per_slot`
#### `get_previous_epoch_committee_count`
```python
def get_previous_epoch_committee_count_per_slot(state: BeaconState) -> int:
def get_previous_epoch_committee_count(state: BeaconState) -> int:
previous_active_validators = get_active_validator_indices(
state.validator_registry,
state.previous_epoch_calculation_slot,
state.previous_calculation_epoch,
)
return get_committee_count_per_slot(len(previous_active_validators))
return get_epoch_committee_count(len(previous_active_validators))
```
#### `get_current_epoch_committee_count_per_slot`
#### `get_current_epoch_committee_count`
```python
def get_current_epoch_committee_count_per_slot(state: BeaconState) -> int:
def get_current_epoch_committee_count(state: BeaconState) -> int:
current_active_validators = get_active_validator_indices(
state.validator_registry,
state.current_epoch_calculation_slot,
state.current_calculation_epoch,
)
return get_committee_count_per_slot(len(current_active_validators))
return get_epoch_committee_count(len(current_active_validators))
```
#### `get_crosslink_committees_at_slot`
@ -947,27 +975,31 @@ def get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(state: BeaconState,
"""
Returns the list of ``(committee, shard)`` tuples for the ``slot``.
"""
state_epoch_slot = state.slot - (state.slot % EPOCH_LENGTH)
assert state_epoch_slot <= slot + EPOCH_LENGTH
assert slot < state_epoch_slot + EPOCH_LENGTH
epoch = slot_to_epoch(slot)
current_epoch = get_current_epoch(state)
previous_epoch = current_epoch - 1 if epoch > GENESIS_EPOCH else current_epoch
next_epoch = current_epoch + 1
if slot < state_epoch_slot:
committees_per_slot = get_previous_epoch_committee_count_per_slot(state)
assert previous_epoch <= epoch < next_epoch
if epoch < current_epoch:
committees_per_epoch = get_previous_epoch_committee_count(state)
seed = state.previous_epoch_seed
shuffling_slot = state.previous_epoch_calculation_slot
shuffling_epoch = state.previous_calculation_epoch
shuffling_start_shard = state.previous_epoch_start_shard
else:
committees_per_slot = get_current_epoch_committee_count_per_slot(state)
committees_per_epoch = get_current_epoch_committee_count(state)
seed = state.current_epoch_seed
shuffling_slot = state.current_epoch_calculation_slot
shuffling_epoch = state.current_calculation_epoch
shuffling_start_shard = state.current_epoch_start_shard
shuffling = get_shuffling(
seed,
state.validator_registry,
shuffling_slot,
shuffling_epoch,
)
offset = slot % EPOCH_LENGTH
committees_per_slot = committees_per_epoch // EPOCH_LENGTH
slot_start_shard = (shuffling_start_shard + committees_per_slot * offset) % SHARD_COUNT
return [
@ -1000,46 +1032,41 @@ def get_block_root(state: BeaconState,
```python
def get_randao_mix(state: BeaconState,
slot: SlotNumber) -> Bytes32:
epoch: EpochNumber) -> Bytes32:
"""
Returns the randao mix at a recent ``slot``.
"""
assert state.slot < slot + LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH
assert slot <= state.slot
return state.latest_randao_mixes[slot % LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH]
assert get_current_epoch(state) < epoch + LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH
assert epoch <= get_current_epoch(state)
return state.latest_randao_mixes[epoch % LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH]
```
#### `get_active_index_root`
```python
def get_active_index_root(state: BeaconState,
slot: SlotNumber) -> Bytes32:
epoch: EpochNumber) -> Bytes32:
"""
Returns the index root at a recent ``slot``.
Returns the index root at a recent ``epoch``.
"""
state_epoch = state.slot // EPOCH_LENGTH
given_epoch = slot // EPOCH_LENGTH
assert state_epoch < given_epoch + LATEST_INDEX_ROOTS_LENGTH
assert given_epoch <= state_epoch
return state.latest_index_roots[given_epoch % LATEST_INDEX_ROOTS_LENGTH]
assert get_current_epoch(state) < epoch + LATEST_INDEX_ROOTS_LENGTH
assert epoch <= get_current_epoch(state)
return state.latest_index_roots[epoch % LATEST_INDEX_ROOTS_LENGTH]
```
#### `generate_seed`
```python
def generate_seed(state: BeaconState,
slot: int) -> Bytes32:
epoch: EpochNumber) -> Bytes32:
"""
Generate a seed for the given ``slot``.
Generate a seed for the given ``epoch``.
"""
if slot < SEED_LOOKAHEAD:
randao_mix_slot = GENESIS_SLOT
else:
randao_mix_slot = slot - SEED_LOOKAHEAD
randao_mix_epoch = epoch + LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH - SEED_LOOKAHEAD
return hash(
get_randao_mix(state, randao_mix_slot) +
get_active_index_root(state, slot)
get_randao_mix(state, randao_mix_epoch) +
get_active_index_root(state, epoch)
)
```
@ -1113,8 +1140,8 @@ def get_effective_balance(state: State, index: ValidatorIndex) -> Gwei:
```python
def get_fork_version(fork: Fork,
slot: SlotNumber) -> int:
if slot < fork.slot:
epoch: EpochNumber) -> int:
if epoch < fork.epoch:
return fork.previous_version
else:
return fork.current_version
@ -1124,11 +1151,11 @@ def get_fork_version(fork: Fork,
```python
def get_domain(fork: Fork,
slot: SlotNumber,
epoch: EpochNumber,
domain_type: int) -> int:
return get_fork_version(
fork,
slot
epoch,
) * 2**32 + domain_type
```
@ -1151,7 +1178,7 @@ def verify_slashable_vote_data(state: BeaconState, vote_data: SlashableVoteData)
signature=vote_data.aggregate_signature,
domain=get_domain(
state.fork,
vote_data.data.slot,
slot_to_epoch(vote_data.data.slot),
DOMAIN_ATTESTATION,
),
)
@ -1167,8 +1194,8 @@ def is_double_vote(attestation_data_1: AttestationData,
Returns True if the provided ``AttestationData`` are slashable
due to a 'double vote'.
"""
target_epoch_1 = attestation_data_1.slot // EPOCH_LENGTH
target_epoch_2 = attestation_data_2.slot // EPOCH_LENGTH
target_epoch_1 = slot_to_epoch(attestation_data_1.slot)
target_epoch_2 = slot_to_epoch(attestation_data_2.slot)
return target_epoch_1 == target_epoch_2
```
@ -1184,10 +1211,10 @@ def is_surround_vote(attestation_data_1: AttestationData,
Note: parameter order matters as this function only checks
that ``attestation_data_1`` surrounds ``attestation_data_2``.
"""
source_epoch_1 = attestation_data_1.justified_slot // EPOCH_LENGTH
source_epoch_2 = attestation_data_2.justified_slot // EPOCH_LENGTH
target_epoch_1 = attestation_data_1.slot // EPOCH_LENGTH
target_epoch_2 = attestation_data_2.slot // EPOCH_LENGTH
source_epoch_1 = attestation_data_1.justified_epoch
source_epoch_2 = attestation_data_2.justified_epoch
target_epoch_1 = slot_to_epoch(attestation_data_1.slot)
target_epoch_2 = slot_to_epoch(attestation_data_2.slot)
return (
(source_epoch_1 < source_epoch_2) and
(source_epoch_2 + 1 == target_epoch_2) and
@ -1211,15 +1238,15 @@ def integer_squareroot(n: int) -> int:
return x
```
#### `entry_exit_effect_slot`
#### `get_entry_exit_effect_epoch`
```python
def entry_exit_effect_slot(n: int) -> int:
def get_entry_exit_effect_epoch(epoch: EpochNumber) -> EpochNumber:
"""
An entry or exit triggered in the slot given by the input takes effect at
the slot given by the output.
An entry or exit triggered in the ``epoch`` given by the input takes effect at
the epoch given by the output.
"""
return (n - n % EPOCH_LENGTH) + EPOCH_LENGTH + ENTRY_EXIT_DELAY
return epoch + 1 + ENTRY_EXIT_DELAY
```
#### `bls_verify`
@ -1275,13 +1302,13 @@ def get_initial_beacon_state(initial_validator_deposits: List[Deposit],
fork=Fork(
previous_version=GENESIS_FORK_VERSION,
current_version=GENESIS_FORK_VERSION,
slot=GENESIS_SLOT,
epoch=GENESIS_EPOCH,
),
# Validator registry
validator_registry=[],
validator_balances=[],
validator_registry_update_slot=GENESIS_SLOT,
validator_registry_update_epoch=GENESIS_EPOCH,
validator_registry_exit_count=0,
# Randomness and committees
@ -1289,8 +1316,8 @@ def get_initial_beacon_state(initial_validator_deposits: List[Deposit],
latest_vdf_outputs=[ZERO_HASH for _ in range(LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH // EPOCH_LENGTH)],
previous_epoch_start_shard=GENESIS_START_SHARD,
current_epoch_start_shard=GENESIS_START_SHARD,
previous_epoch_calculation_slot=GENESIS_SLOT,
current_epoch_calculation_slot=GENESIS_SLOT,
previous_calculation_epoch=GENESIS_EPOCH,
current_calculation_epoch=GENESIS_EPOCH,
previous_epoch_seed=ZERO_HASH,
current_epoch_seed=ZERO_HASH,
@ -1298,13 +1325,13 @@ def get_initial_beacon_state(initial_validator_deposits: List[Deposit],
custody_challenges=[],
# Finality
previous_justified_slot=GENESIS_SLOT,
justified_slot=GENESIS_SLOT,
previous_justified_epoch=GENESIS_EPOCH,
justified_epoch=GENESIS_EPOCH,
justification_bitfield=0,
finalized_slot=GENESIS_SLOT,
finalized_epoch=GENESIS_EPOCH,
# Recent state
latest_crosslinks=[Crosslink(slot=GENESIS_SLOT, shard_block_root=ZERO_HASH) for _ in range(SHARD_COUNT)],
latest_crosslinks=[Crosslink(epoch=GENESIS_EPOCH, shard_block_root=ZERO_HASH) for _ in range(SHARD_COUNT)],
latest_block_roots=[ZERO_HASH for _ in range(LATEST_BLOCK_ROOTS_LENGTH)],
latest_index_roots=[ZERO_HASH for _ in range(LATEST_INDEX_ROOTS_LENGTH)],
latest_penalized_balances=[0 for _ in range(LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH)],
@ -1331,8 +1358,8 @@ def get_initial_beacon_state(initial_validator_deposits: List[Deposit],
if get_effective_balance(state, validator_index) >= MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT:
activate_validator(state, validator_index, True)
state.latest_index_roots[GENESIS_SLOT // EPOCH_LENGTH % LATEST_INDEX_ROOTS_LENGTH] = hash_tree_root(get_active_validator_indices(state, GENESIS_SLOT))
state.current_epoch_seed = generate_seed(state, GENESIS_SLOT)
state.latest_index_roots[GENESIS_EPOCH % LATEST_INDEX_ROOTS_LENGTH] = hash_tree_root(get_active_validator_indices(state, GENESIS_EPOCH))
state.current_epoch_seed = generate_seed(state, GENESIS_EPOCH)
return state
```
@ -1358,7 +1385,7 @@ def validate_proof_of_possession(state: BeaconState,
signature=proof_of_possession,
domain=get_domain(
state.fork,
state.slot,
get_current_epoch(state),
DOMAIN_DEPOSIT,
)
)
@ -1391,10 +1418,10 @@ def process_deposit(state: BeaconState,
validator = Validator(
pubkey=pubkey,
withdrawal_credentials=withdrawal_credentials,
activation_slot=FAR_FUTURE_SLOT,
exit_slot=FAR_FUTURE_SLOT,
withdrawal_slot=FAR_FUTURE_SLOT,
penalized_slot=FAR_FUTURE_SLOT,
activation_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH,
exit_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH,
withdrawal_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH,
penalized_epoch=FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH,
exit_count=0,
status_flags=0,
latest_custody_reseed_slot=GENESIS_SLOT,
@ -1420,7 +1447,7 @@ Note: All functions in this section mutate `state`.
def activate_validator(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex, genesis: bool) -> None:
validator = state.validator_registry[index]
validator.activation_slot = GENESIS_SLOT if genesis else entry_exit_effect_slot(state.slot)
validator.activation_epoch = GENESIS_EPOCH if genesis else get_entry_exit_effect_epoch(get_current_epoch(state))
```
```python
@ -1434,10 +1461,10 @@ def exit_validator(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex) -> None:
validator = state.validator_registry[index]
# The following updates only occur if not previous exited
if validator.exit_slot <= entry_exit_effect_slot(state.slot):
if validator.exit_epoch <= get_entry_exit_effect_epoch(get_current_epoch(state)):
return
validator.exit_slot = entry_exit_effect_slot(state.slot)
validator.exit_epoch = get_entry_exit_effect_epoch(get_current_epoch(state))
state.validator_registry_exit_count += 1
validator.exit_count = state.validator_registry_exit_count
@ -1447,13 +1474,13 @@ def exit_validator(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex) -> None:
def penalize_validator(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex) -> None:
exit_validator(state, index)
validator = state.validator_registry[index]
state.latest_penalized_balances[(state.slot // EPOCH_LENGTH) % LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH] += get_effective_balance(state, index)
state.latest_penalized_balances[get_current_epoch(state) % LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH] += get_effective_balance(state, index)
whistleblower_index = get_beacon_proposer_index(state, state.slot)
whistleblower_reward = get_effective_balance(state, index) // WHISTLEBLOWER_REWARD_QUOTIENT
state.validator_balances[whistleblower_index] += whistleblower_reward
state.validator_balances[index] -= whistleblower_reward
validator.penalized_slot = state.slot
validator.penalized_epoch = get_current_epoch(state)
```
```python
@ -1466,10 +1493,9 @@ def prepare_validator_for_withdrawal(state: BeaconState, index: ValidatorIndex)
Below are the processing steps that happen at every slot.
### Misc counters
### Slot
* Set `state.slot += 1`.
* Set `state.latest_randao_mixes[state.slot % LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH] = state.latest_randao_mixes[(state.slot - 1) % LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH]`
### Block roots
@ -1489,13 +1515,13 @@ Below are the processing steps that happen at every `block`.
* Let `block_without_signature_root` be the `hash_tree_root` of `block` where `block.signature` is set to `EMPTY_SIGNATURE`.
* Let `proposal_root = hash_tree_root(ProposalSignedData(state.slot, BEACON_CHAIN_SHARD_NUMBER, block_without_signature_root))`.
* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=state.validator_registry[get_beacon_proposer_index(state, state.slot)].pubkey, message=proposal_root, signature=block.signature, domain=get_domain(state.fork, state.slot, DOMAIN_PROPOSAL))`.
* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=state.validator_registry[get_beacon_proposer_index(state, state.slot)].pubkey, message=proposal_root, signature=block.signature, domain=get_domain(state.fork, get_current_epoch(state), DOMAIN_PROPOSAL))`.
### RANDAO
* Let `proposer = state.validator_registry[get_beacon_proposer_index(state, state.slot)]`.
* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=proposer.pubkey, message=int_to_bytes32(state.slot // EPOCH_LENGTH), signature=block.randao_reveal, domain=get_domain(state.fork, state.slot, DOMAIN_RANDAO))`.
* Set `state.latest_randao_mixes[state.slot % LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH] = xor(state.latest_randao_mixes[state.slot % LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH], hash(block.randao_reveal))`.
* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=proposer.pubkey, message=int_to_bytes32(get_current_epoch(state)), signature=block.randao_reveal, domain=get_domain(state.fork, get_current_epoch(state), DOMAIN_RANDAO))`.
* Set `state.latest_randao_mixes[get_current_epoch(state) % LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH] = xor(get_randao_mix(state, get_current_epoch(state)), hash(block.randao_reveal))`.
### Eth1 data
@ -1514,9 +1540,9 @@ For each `proposer_slashing` in `block.body.proposer_slashings`:
* Verify that `proposer_slashing.proposal_data_1.slot == proposer_slashing.proposal_data_2.slot`.
* Verify that `proposer_slashing.proposal_data_1.shard == proposer_slashing.proposal_data_2.shard`.
* Verify that `proposer_slashing.proposal_data_1.block_root != proposer_slashing.proposal_data_2.block_root`.
* Verify that `proposer.penalized_slot > state.slot`.
* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=proposer.pubkey, message=hash_tree_root(proposer_slashing.proposal_data_1), signature=proposer_slashing.proposal_signature_1, domain=get_domain(state.fork, proposer_slashing.proposal_data_1.slot, DOMAIN_PROPOSAL))`.
* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=proposer.pubkey, message=hash_tree_root(proposer_slashing.proposal_data_2), signature=proposer_slashing.proposal_signature_2, domain=get_domain(state.fork, proposer_slashing.proposal_data_2.slot, DOMAIN_PROPOSAL))`.
* Verify that `proposer.penalized_epoch > get_current_epoch(state)`.
* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=proposer.pubkey, message=hash_tree_root(proposer_slashing.proposal_data_1), signature=proposer_slashing.proposal_signature_1, domain=get_domain(state.fork, slot_to_epoch(proposer_slashing.proposal_data_1.slot), DOMAIN_PROPOSAL))`.
* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=proposer.pubkey, message=hash_tree_root(proposer_slashing.proposal_data_2), signature=proposer_slashing.proposal_signature_2, domain=get_domain(state.fork, slot_to_epoch(proposer_slashing.proposal_data_2.slot), DOMAIN_PROPOSAL))`.
* Run `penalize_validator(state, proposer_slashing.proposer_index)`.
#### Casper slashings
@ -1534,7 +1560,7 @@ For each `casper_slashing` in `block.body.casper_slashings`:
* Verify that `is_double_vote(slashable_vote_data_1.data, slashable_vote_data_2.data)` or `is_surround_vote(slashable_vote_data_1.data, slashable_vote_data_2.data)`.
* Verify that `verify_slashable_vote_data(state, slashable_vote_data_1)`.
* Verify that `verify_slashable_vote_data(state, slashable_vote_data_2)`.
* For each [validator](#dfn-validator) index `i` in `intersection` run `penalize_validator(state, i)` if `state.validator_registry[i].penalized_slot > state.slot`.
* For each [validator](#dfn-validator) index `i` in `intersection` run `penalize_validator(state, i)` if `state.validator_registry[i].penalized_epoch > get_current_epoch(state)`.
#### Attestations
@ -1544,13 +1570,13 @@ For each `attestation` in `block.body.attestations`:
* Verify that `attestation.data.slot + MIN_ATTESTATION_INCLUSION_DELAY <= state.slot`.
* Verify that `attestation.data.slot + EPOCH_LENGTH >= state.slot`.
* Verify that `attestation.data.justified_slot` is equal to `state.justified_slot if attestation.data.slot >= state.slot - (state.slot % EPOCH_LENGTH) else state.previous_justified_slot`.
* Verify that `attestation.data.justified_block_root` is equal to `get_block_root(state, attestation.data.justified_slot)`.
* Verify that `attestation.data.justified_epoch` is equal to `state.justified_epoch if attestation.data.slot >= get_epoch_start_slot(get_current_epoch(state)) else state.previous_justified_epoch`.
* Verify that `attestation.data.justified_block_root` is equal to `get_block_root(state, get_epoch_start_slot(attestation.data.justified_epoch))`.
* Verify that either `attestation.data.latest_crosslink_root` or `attestation.data.shard_block_root` equals `state.latest_crosslinks[shard].shard_block_root`.
* `aggregate_signature` verification:
* Let `participants = get_attestation_participants(state, attestation.data, attestation.aggregation_bitfield)`.
* Let `group_public_key = bls_aggregate_pubkeys([state.validator_registry[v].pubkey for v in participants])`.
* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=group_public_key, message=hash_tree_root(AttestationDataAndCustodyBit(attestation.data, False)), signature=attestation.aggregate_signature, domain=get_domain(state.fork, attestation.data.slot, DOMAIN_ATTESTATION))`.
* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=group_public_key, message=hash_tree_root(AttestationDataAndCustodyBit(attestation.data, False)), signature=attestation.aggregate_signature, domain=get_domain(state.fork, slot_to_epoch(attestation.data.slot), DOMAIN_ATTESTATION))`.
* [TO BE REMOVED IN PHASE 1] Verify that `attestation.data.shard_block_root == ZERO_HASH`.
* Append `PendingAttestation(data=attestation.data, aggregation_bitfield=attestation.aggregation_bitfield, custody_bitfield=attestation.custody_bitfield, slot_included=state.slot)` to `state.latest_attestations`.
@ -1596,10 +1622,10 @@ Verify that `len(block.body.exits) <= MAX_EXITS`.
For each `exit` in `block.body.exits`:
* Let `validator = state.validator_registry[exit.validator_index]`.
* Verify that `validator.exit_slot > entry_exit_effect_slot(state.slot)`.
* Verify that `state.slot >= exit.slot`.
* Let `exit_message = hash_tree_root(Exit(slot=exit.slot, validator_index=exit.validator_index, signature=EMPTY_SIGNATURE))`.
* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=validator.pubkey, message=exit_message, signature=exit.signature, domain=get_domain(state.fork, exit.slot, DOMAIN_EXIT))`.
* Verify that `validator.exit_epoch > get_entry_exit_effect_epoch(get_current_epoch(state))`.
* Verify that `get_current_epoch(state) >= exit.epoch`.
* Let `exit_message = hash_tree_root(Exit(epoch=exit.epoch, validator_index=exit.validator_index, signature=EMPTY_SIGNATURE))`.
* Verify that `bls_verify(pubkey=validator.pubkey, message=exit_message, signature=exit.signature, domain=get_domain(state.fork, exit.epoch, DOMAIN_EXIT))`.
* Run `initiate_validator_exit(state, exit.validator_index)`.
#### Custody
@ -1608,40 +1634,35 @@ For each `exit` in `block.body.exits`:
## Per-epoch processing
The steps below happen when `state.slot % EPOCH_LENGTH == EPOCH_LENGTH - 1`.
The steps below happen when `(state.slot + 1) % EPOCH_LENGTH == 0`.
### Helpers
* Let `next_epoch_start_slot = state.slot + 1`.
* Let `current_epoch_start_slot = state.slot - (EPOCH_LENGTH + 1)`.
* Let `previous_epoch_start_slot = state.slot - 2 * EPOCH_LENGTH + 1` if `state.slot > GENESIS_SLOT + EPOCH_LENGTH` else `current_epoch_start_slot`.
* Let `next_epoch = next_epoch_start_slot // EPOCH_LENGTH`.
* Let `current_epoch = current_epoch_start_slot // EPOCH_LENGTH`.
All [validators](#dfn-validator):
* Let `active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(state.validator_registry, current_epoch_start_slot)`.
* Let `total_balance = sum([get_effective_balance(state, i) for i in active_validator_indices])`.
* Let `current_epoch = get_current_epoch(state)`.
* Let `previous_epoch = current_epoch - 1 if current_epoch > GENESIS_EPOCH else current_epoch`.
* Let `next_epoch = current_epoch + 1`.
[Validators](#dfn-Validator) attesting during the current epoch:
* Let `current_epoch_attestations = [a for a in state.latest_attestations if current_epoch_start_slot <= a.data.slot < next_epoch_start_slot]`. (Note: this is the set of attestations of slots in the epoch `current_epoch_start_slot...next_epoch_start_slot`, _not_ attestations that got included in the chain during the epoch `current_epoch_start_slot...next_epoch_start_slot`.)
* Let `current_total_balance = sum([get_effective_balance(state, i) for i in get_active_validator_indices(state.validator_registry, current_epoch)])`.
* Let `current_epoch_attestations = [a for a in state.latest_attestations if current_epoch == slot_to_epoch(a.data.slot)]`. (Note: this is the set of attestations of slots in the epoch `current_epoch`, _not_ attestations that got included in the chain during the epoch `current_epoch`.)
* Validators justifying the epoch boundary block at the start of the current epoch:
* Let `current_epoch_boundary_attestations = [a for a in current_epoch_attestations if a.data.epoch_boundary_root == get_block_root(state, current_epoch_start_slot) and a.data.justified_slot == state.justified_slot]`.
* Let `current_epoch_boundary_attestations = [a for a in current_epoch_attestations if a.data.epoch_boundary_root == get_block_root(state, get_epoch_start_slot(current_epoch)) and a.data.justified_epoch == state.justified_epoch]`.
* Let `current_epoch_boundary_attester_indices` be the union of the [validator](#dfn-validator) index sets given by `[get_attestation_participants(state, a.data, a.aggregation_bitfield) for a in current_epoch_boundary_attestations]`.
* Let `current_epoch_boundary_attesting_balance = sum([get_effective_balance(state, i) for i in current_epoch_boundary_attester_indices])`.
[Validators](#dfn-Validator) attesting during the previous epoch:
* Let `previous_total_balance = sum([get_effective_balance(state, i) for i in get_active_validator_indices(state.validator_registry, previous_epoch)])`.
* Validators that made an attestation during the previous epoch:
* Let `previous_epoch_attestations = [a for a in state.latest_attestations if previous_epoch_start_slot <= a.data.slot < current_epoch_start_slot]`.
* Let `previous_epoch_attestations = [a for a in state.latest_attestations if previous_epoch == slot_to_epoch(a.data.slot)]`.
* Let `previous_epoch_attester_indices` be the union of the validator index sets given by `[get_attestation_participants(state, a.data, a.aggregation_bitfield) for a in previous_epoch_attestations]`.
* Validators targeting the previous justified slot:
* Let `previous_epoch_justified_attestations = [a for a in current_epoch_attestations + previous_epoch_attestations if a.data.justified_slot == state.previous_justified_slot]`.
* Let `previous_epoch_justified_attestations = [a for a in current_epoch_attestations + previous_epoch_attestations if a.data.justified_epoch == state.previous_justified_epoch]`.
* Let `previous_epoch_justified_attester_indices` be the union of the validator index sets given by `[get_attestation_participants(state, a.data, a.aggregation_bitfield) for a in previous_epoch_justified_attestations]`.
* Let `previous_epoch_justified_attesting_balance = sum([get_effective_balance(state, i) for i in previous_epoch_justified_attester_indices])`.
* Validators justifying the epoch boundary block at the start of the previous epoch:
* Let `previous_epoch_boundary_attestations = [a for a in previous_epoch_justified_attestations if a.data.epoch_boundary_root == get_block_root(state, previous_epoch_start_slot)]`.
* Let `previous_epoch_boundary_attestations = [a for a in previous_epoch_justified_attestations if a.data.epoch_boundary_root == get_block_root(state, get_epoch_start_slot(previous_epoch))]`.
* Let `previous_epoch_boundary_attester_indices` be the union of the validator index sets given by `[get_attestation_participants(state, a.data, a.aggregation_bitfield) for a in previous_epoch_boundary_attestations]`.
* Let `previous_epoch_boundary_attesting_balance = sum([get_effective_balance(state, i) for i in previous_epoch_boundary_attester_indices])`.
* Validators attesting to the expected beacon chain head during the previous epoch:
@ -1649,9 +1670,9 @@ All [validators](#dfn-validator):
* Let `previous_epoch_head_attester_indices` be the union of the validator index sets given by `[get_attestation_participants(state, a.data, a.aggregation_bitfield) for a in previous_epoch_head_attestations]`.
* Let `previous_epoch_head_attesting_balance = sum([get_effective_balance(state, i) for i in previous_epoch_head_attester_indices])`.
**Note**: `previous_epoch_boundary_attesting_balance` balance might be marginally different than `current_epoch_boundary_attesting_balance` during the previous epoch transition. Due to the tight bound on validator churn each epoch and small per-epoch rewards/penalties, the potential balance difference is very low and only marginally affects consensus safety.
**Note**: `previous_total_balance` and `previous_epoch_boundary_attesting_balance` balance might be marginally different than the actual balances during previous epoch transition. Due to the tight bound on validator churn each epoch and small per-epoch rewards/penalties, the potential balance difference is very low and only marginally affects consensus safety.
For every `slot in range(previous_epoch_start_slot, next_epoch_start_slot)`, let `crosslink_committees_at_slot = get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(state, slot)`. For every `(crosslink_committee, shard)` in `crosslink_committees_at_slot`, compute:
For every `slot in range(get_epoch_start_slot(previous_epoch), get_epoch_start_slot(next_epoch))`, let `crosslink_committees_at_slot = get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(state, slot)`. For every `(crosslink_committee, shard)` in `crosslink_committees_at_slot`, compute:
* Let `shard_block_root` be `state.latest_crosslinks[shard].shard_block_root`
* Let `attesting_validator_indices(crosslink_committee, shard_block_root)` be the union of the [validator](#dfn-validator) index sets given by `[get_attestation_participants(state, a.data, a.aggregation_bitfield) for a in current_epoch_attestations + previous_epoch_attestations if a.data.shard == shard and a.data.shard_block_root == shard_block_root]`.
@ -1667,43 +1688,43 @@ Define the following helpers to process attestation inclusion rewards and inclus
### Eth1 data
If `state.slot % ETH1_DATA_VOTING_PERIOD == ETH1_DATA_VOTING_PERIOD - 1`:
If `next_epoch % ETH1_DATA_VOTING_PERIOD == 0`:
* Set `state.latest_eth1_data = eth1_data_vote.data` if `eth1_data_vote.vote_count * 2 > ETH1_DATA_VOTING_PERIOD` for some `eth1_data_vote` in `state.eth1_data_votes`.
* Set `state.latest_eth1_data = eth1_data_vote.data` if `eth1_data_vote.vote_count * 2 > ETH1_DATA_VOTING_PERIOD * EPOCH_LENGTH` for some `eth1_data_vote` in `state.eth1_data_votes`.
* Set `state.eth1_data_votes = []`.
### Justification
First, update the justification bitfield:
* Let `new_justified_slot = state.justified_slot`.
* Set `state.justification_bitfield = (state.justification_bitfield * 2) % 2**64`.
* Set `state.justification_bitfield |= 2` and `new_justified_slot = previous_epoch_start_slot` if `3 * previous_epoch_boundary_attesting_balance >= 2 * total_balance`.
* Set `state.justification_bitfield |= 1` and `new_justified_slot = current_epoch_start_slot` if `3 * current_epoch_boundary_attesting_balance >= 2 * total_balance`.
* Let `new_justified_epoch = state.justified_epoch`.
* Set `state.justification_bitfield = state.justification_bitfield << 1`.
* Set `state.justification_bitfield |= 2` and `new_justified_epoch = previous_epoch` if `3 * previous_epoch_boundary_attesting_balance >= 2 * previous_total_balance`.
* Set `state.justification_bitfield |= 1` and `new_justified_epoch = current_epoch` if `3 * current_epoch_boundary_attesting_balance >= 2 * current_total_balance`.
Next, update last finalized slot if possible:
Next, update last finalized epoch if possible:
* Set `state.finalized_slot = state.previous_justified_slot` if `(state.justification_bitfield >> 1) % 8 == 0b111 and state.previous_justified_slot == previous_epoch_start_slot - 2 * EPOCH_LENGTH`.
* Set `state.finalized_slot = state.previous_justified_slot` if `(state.justification_bitfield >> 1) % 4 == 0b11 and state.previous_justified_slot == previous_epoch_start_slot - EPOCH_LENGTH`.
* Set `state.finalized_slot = state.justified_slot` if `(state.justification_bitfield >> 0) % 8 == 0b111 and state.justified_slot == previous_epoch_start_slot - EPOCH_LENGTH`.
* Set `state.finalized_slot = state.justified_slot` if `(state.justification_bitfield >> 0) % 4 == 0b11 and state.justified_slot == previous_epoch_start_slot`.
* Set `state.finalized_epoch = state.previous_justified_epoch` if `(state.justification_bitfield >> 1) % 8 == 0b111 and state.previous_justified_epoch == previous_epoch - 2`.
* Set `state.finalized_epoch = state.previous_justified_epoch` if `(state.justification_bitfield >> 1) % 4 == 0b11 and state.previous_justified_epoch == previous_epoch - 1`.
* Set `state.finalized_epoch = state.justified_epoch` if `(state.justification_bitfield >> 0) % 8 == 0b111 and state.justified_epoch == previous_epoch - 1`.
* Set `state.finalized_epoch = state.justified_epoch` if `(state.justification_bitfield >> 0) % 4 == 0b11 and state.justified_epoch == previous_epoch`.
Finally, update the following:
* Set `state.previous_justified_slot = state.justified_slot`.
* Set `state.justified_slot = justified_slot`.
* Set `state.previous_justified_epoch = state.justified_epoch`.
* Set `state.justified_epoch = new_justified_epoch`.
### Crosslinks
For every `slot in range(previous_epoch_start_slot, next_epoch_start_slot)`, let `crosslink_committees_at_slot = get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(state, slot)`. For every `(crosslink_committee, shard)` in `crosslink_committees_at_slot`, compute:
For every `slot in range(get_epoch_start_slot(previous_epoch), get_epoch_start_slot(next_epoch))`, let `crosslink_committees_at_slot = get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(state, slot)`. For every `(crosslink_committee, shard)` in `crosslink_committees_at_slot`, compute:
* Set `state.latest_crosslinks[shard] = Crosslink(slot=current_epoch_start_slot, shard_block_root=winning_root(crosslink_committee))` if `3 * total_attesting_balance(crosslink_committee) >= 2 * total_balance(crosslink_committee)`.
* Set `state.latest_crosslinks[shard] = Crosslink(epoch=current_epoch, shard_block_root=winning_root(crosslink_committee))` if `3 * total_attesting_balance(crosslink_committee) >= 2 * total_balance(crosslink_committee)`.
### Rewards and penalties
First, we define some additional helpers:
* Let `base_reward_quotient = integer_squareroot(total_balance) // BASE_REWARD_QUOTIENT`.
* Let `base_reward_quotient = integer_squareroot(previous_total_balance) // BASE_REWARD_QUOTIENT`.
* Let `base_reward(state, index) = get_effective_balance(state, index) // base_reward_quotient // 5` for any validator with the given `index`.
* Let `inactivity_penalty(state, index, epochs_since_finality) = base_reward(state, index) + get_effective_balance(state, index) * epochs_since_finality // INACTIVITY_PENALTY_QUOTIENT // 2` for any validator with the given `index`.
@ -1711,18 +1732,18 @@ First, we define some additional helpers:
Note: When applying penalties in the following balance recalculations implementers should make sure the `uint64` does not underflow.
* Let `epochs_since_finality = (next_epoch_start_slot - state.finalized_slot) // EPOCH_LENGTH`.
* Let `epochs_since_finality = next_epoch - state.finalized_epoch`.
Case 1: `epochs_since_finality <= 4`:
* Expected FFG source:
* Any [validator](#dfn-validator) `index` in `previous_epoch_justified_attester_indices` gains `base_reward(state, index) * previous_epoch_justified_attesting_balance // total_balance`.
* Any [validator](#dfn-validator) `index` in `previous_epoch_justified_attester_indices` gains `base_reward(state, index) * previous_epoch_justified_attesting_balance // previous_total_balance`.
* Any [active validator](#dfn-active-validator) `v` not in `previous_epoch_justified_attester_indices` loses `base_reward(state, index)`.
* Expected FFG target:
* Any [validator](#dfn-validator) `index` in `previous_epoch_boundary_attester_indices` gains `base_reward(state, index) * previous_epoch_boundary_attesting_balance // total_balance`.
* Any [validator](#dfn-validator) `index` in `previous_epoch_boundary_attester_indices` gains `base_reward(state, index) * previous_epoch_boundary_attesting_balance // previous_total_balance`.
* Any [active validator](#dfn-active-validator) `index` not in `previous_epoch_boundary_attester_indices` loses `base_reward(state, index)`.
* Expected beacon chain head:
* Any [validator](#dfn-validator) `index` in `previous_epoch_head_attester_indices` gains `base_reward(state, index) * previous_epoch_head_attesting_balance // total_balance)`.
* Any [validator](#dfn-validator) `index` in `previous_epoch_head_attester_indices` gains `base_reward(state, index) * previous_epoch_head_attesting_balance // previous_total_balance)`.
* Any [active validator](#dfn-active-validator) `index` not in `previous_epoch_head_attester_indices` loses `base_reward(state, index)`.
* Inclusion distance:
* Any [validator](#dfn-validator) `index` in `previous_epoch_attester_indices` gains `base_reward(state, index) * MIN_ATTESTATION_INCLUSION_DELAY // inclusion_distance(state, index)`
@ -1732,7 +1753,7 @@ Case 2: `epochs_since_finality > 4`:
* Any [active validator](#dfn-active-validator) `index` not in `previous_epoch_justified_attester_indices`, loses `inactivity_penalty(state, index, epochs_since_finality)`.
* Any [active validator](#dfn-active-validator) `index` not in `previous_epoch_boundary_attester_indices`, loses `inactivity_penalty(state, index, epochs_since_finality)`.
* Any [active validator](#dfn-active-validator) `index` not in `previous_epoch_head_attester_indices`, loses `base_reward(state, index)`.
* Any [active_validator](#dfn-active-validator) `index` with `validator.penalized_slot <= current_epoch_start_slot`, loses `2 * inactivity_penalty(state, index, epochs_since_finality) + base_reward(state, index)`.
* Any [active_validator](#dfn-active-validator) `index` with `validator.penalized_epoch <= current_epoch`, loses `2 * inactivity_penalty(state, index, epochs_since_finality) + base_reward(state, index)`.
* Any [validator](#dfn-validator) `index` in `previous_epoch_attester_indices` loses `base_reward(state, index) - base_reward(state, index) * MIN_ATTESTATION_INCLUSION_DELAY // inclusion_distance(state, index)`
#### Attestation inclusion
@ -1741,10 +1762,12 @@ For each `index` in `previous_epoch_attester_indices`, we determine the proposer
#### Crosslinks
For every `slot in range(previous_epoch_start_slot, current_epoch_start_slot)`, let `crosslink_committees_at_slot = get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(state, slot)`. For every `(crosslink_committee, shard)` in `crosslink_committees_at_slot`, compute:
For every `slot in range(get_epoch_start_slot(previous_epoch), get_epoch_start_slot(current_epoch))`:
* If `index in attesting_validators(crosslink_committee)`, `state.validator_balances[index] += base_reward(state, index) * total_attesting_balance(crosslink_committee) // total_balance(crosslink_committee))`.
* If `index not in attesting_validators(crosslink_committee)`, `state.validator_balances[index] -= base_reward(state, index)`.
* Let `crosslink_committees_at_slot = get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(state, slot)`.
* For every `(crosslink_committee, shard)` in `crosslink_committees_at_slot`:
* If `index in attesting_validators(crosslink_committee)`, `state.validator_balances[index] += base_reward(state, index) * total_attesting_balance(crosslink_committee) // total_balance(crosslink_committee))`.
* If `index not in attesting_validators(crosslink_committee)`, `state.validator_balances[index] -= base_reward(state, index)`.
### Ejections
@ -1756,7 +1779,7 @@ def process_ejections(state: BeaconState) -> None:
Iterate through the validator registry
and eject active validators with balance below ``EJECTION_BALANCE``.
"""
for index in get_active_validator_indices(state.validator_registry, current_epoch_start_slot):
for index in get_active_validator_indices(state.validator_registry, current_epoch(state)):
if state.validator_balances[index] < EJECTION_BALANCE:
exit_validator(state, index)
```
@ -1765,15 +1788,15 @@ def process_ejections(state: BeaconState) -> None:
First, update the following:
* Set `state.previous_epoch_calculation_slot = state.current_epoch_calculation_slot`
* Set `state.previous_epoch_start_shard = state.current_epoch_start_shard`
* Set `state.previous_epoch_seed = state.current_epoch_seed`
* Set `state.latest_index_roots[next_epoch % LATEST_INDEX_ROOTS_LENGTH] = hash_tree_root(get_active_validator_indices(state, next_epoch_start_slot))`
* Set `state.previous_calculation_epoch = state.current_calculation_epoch`.
* Set `state.previous_epoch_start_shard = state.current_epoch_start_shard`.
* Set `state.previous_epoch_seed = state.current_epoch_seed`.
* Set `state.latest_index_roots[next_epoch % LATEST_INDEX_ROOTS_LENGTH] = hash_tree_root(get_active_validator_indices(state, next_epoch))`.
If the following are satisfied:
* `state.finalized_slot > state.validator_registry_update_slot`
* `state.latest_crosslinks[shard].slot > state.validator_registry_update_slot` for every shard number `shard` in `[(state.current_epoch_start_shard + i) % SHARD_COUNT for i in range(get_current_epoch_committee_count_per_slot(state) * EPOCH_LENGTH)]` (that is, for every shard in the current committees)
* `state.finalized_epoch > state.validator_registry_update_epoch`
* `state.latest_crosslinks[shard].epoch > state.validator_registry_update_epoch` for every shard number `shard` in `[(state.current_epoch_start_shard + i) % SHARD_COUNT for i in range(get_current_epoch_committee_count(state))]` (that is, for every shard in the current committees)
update the validator registry and associated fields by running
@ -1783,8 +1806,9 @@ def update_validator_registry(state: BeaconState) -> None:
Update validator registry.
Note that this function mutates ``state``.
"""
current_epoch = get_current_epoch(state)
# The active validators
active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(state.validator_registry, current_epoch_start_slot)
active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(state.validator_registry, current_epoch)
# The total effective balance of active validators
total_balance = sum([get_effective_balance(state, i) for i in active_validator_indices])
@ -1797,7 +1821,7 @@ def update_validator_registry(state: BeaconState) -> None:
# Activate validators within the allowable balance churn
balance_churn = 0
for index, validator in enumerate(state.validator_registry):
if validator.activation_slot > entry_exit_effect_slot(state.slot) and state.validator_balances[index] >= MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT:
if validator.activation_epoch > get_entry_exit_effect_epoch(current_epoch) and state.validator_balances[index] >= MAX_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT:
# Check the balance churn would be within the allowance
balance_churn += get_effective_balance(state, index)
if balance_churn > max_balance_churn:
@ -1809,7 +1833,7 @@ def update_validator_registry(state: BeaconState) -> None:
# Exit validators within the allowable balance churn
balance_churn = 0
for index, validator in enumerate(state.validator_registry):
if validator.exit_slot > entry_exit_effect_slot(state.slot) and validator.status_flags & INITIATED_EXIT:
if validator.exit_epoch > get_entry_exit_effect_epoch(current_epoch) and validator.status_flags & INITIATED_EXIT:
# Check the balance churn would be within the allowance
balance_churn += get_effective_balance(state, index)
if balance_churn > max_balance_churn:
@ -1818,21 +1842,21 @@ def update_validator_registry(state: BeaconState) -> None:
# Exit validator
exit_validator(state, index)
state.validator_registry_update_slot = state.slot - (state.slot % EPOCH_LENGTH)
state.validator_registry_update_epoch = current_epoch
```
and perform the following updates:
* Set `state.current_epoch_calculation_slot = next_epoch_start_slot`
* Set `state.current_epoch_start_shard = (state.current_epoch_start_shard + get_current_epoch_committee_count_per_slot(state) * EPOCH_LENGTH) % SHARD_COUNT`
* Set `state.current_epoch_seed = generate_seed(state, state.current_epoch_calculation_slot)`
* Set `state.current_calculation_epoch = next_epoch`
* Set `state.current_epoch_start_shard = (state.current_epoch_start_shard + get_current_epoch_committee_count(state)) % SHARD_COUNT`
* Set `state.current_epoch_seed = generate_seed(state, state.current_calculation_epoch)`
If a validator registry update does _not_ happen do the following:
* Let `epochs_since_last_registry_change = (current_epoch_start_slot - state.validator_registry_update_slot) // EPOCH_LENGTH`.
* Let `epochs_since_last_registry_change = current_epoch - state.validator_registry_update_epoch`.
* If `epochs_since_last_registry_change` is an exact power of 2:
* Set `state.current_epoch_calculation_slot = next_epoch_start_slot`.
* Set `state.current_epoch_seed = generate_seed(state, state.current_epoch_calculation_slot)`
* Set `state.current_calculation_epoch = next_epoch`.
* Set `state.current_epoch_seed = generate_seed(state, state.current_calculation_epoch)`
* _Note_ that `state.current_epoch_start_shard` is left unchanged.
**Invariant**: the active index root that is hashed into the shuffling seed actually is the `hash_tree_root` of the validator set that is used for that epoch.
@ -1841,14 +1865,15 @@ Regardless of whether or not a validator set change happens, run the following:
```python
def process_penalties_and_exits(state: BeaconState) -> None:
current_epoch = get_current_epoch(state)
# The active validators
active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(state.validator_registry, state.slot)
active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(state.validator_registry, current_epoch)
# The total effective balance of active validators
total_balance = sum([get_effective_balance(state, i) for i in active_validator_indices])
for index, validator in enumerate(state.validator_registry):
if (state.slot // EPOCH_LENGTH) == (validator.penalized_slot // EPOCH_LENGTH) + LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH // 2:
e = (state.slot // EPOCH_LENGTH) % LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH
if current_epoch == validator.penalized_epoch + LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH // 2:
e = current_epoch % LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH
total_at_start = state.latest_penalized_balances[(e + 1) % LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH]
total_at_end = state.latest_penalized_balances[e]
total_penalties = total_at_end - total_at_start
@ -1857,11 +1882,11 @@ def process_penalties_and_exits(state: BeaconState) -> None:
def eligible(index):
validator = state.validator_registry[index]
if validator.penalized_slot <= state.slot:
penalized_withdrawal_time = LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH * EPOCH_LENGTH // 2
return state.slot >= validator.penalized_slot + penalized_withdrawal_time
if validator.penalized_epoch <= current_epoch:
penalized_withdrawal_epochs = LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH // 2
return current_epoch >= validator.penalized_epoch + penalized_withdrawal_epochs
else:
return state.slot >= validator.exit_slot + MIN_VALIDATOR_WITHDRAWAL_TIME
return current_epoch >= validator.exit_epoch + MIN_VALIDATOR_WITHDRAWAL_EPOCHS
all_indices = list(range(len(state.validator_registry)))
eligible_indices = filter(eligible, all_indices)
@ -1877,7 +1902,8 @@ def process_penalties_and_exits(state: BeaconState) -> None:
### Final updates
* Set `state.latest_penalized_balances[(next_epoch) % LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH] = state.latest_penalized_balances[current_epoch % LATEST_PENALIZED_EXIT_LENGTH]`.
* Remove any `attestation` in `state.latest_attestations` such that `attestation.data.slot < current_epoch_start_slot`.
* Set `state.latest_randao_mixes[next_epoch % LATEST_RANDAO_MIXES_LENGTH] = get_randao_mix(state, current_epoch)`.
* Remove any `attestation` in `state.latest_attestations` such that `slot_to_epoch(attestation.data.slot) < current_epoch`.
## State root processing