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layout	page_title	sidebar_current	description
docs	Check Definition	docs-agent-checks	One of the primary roles of the agent is management of system- and application-level health checks. A health check is considered to be application-level if it is associated with a service. A check is defined in a configuration file or added at runtime over the HTTP interface.

Checks

One of the primary roles of the agent is management of system-level and application-level health checks. A health check is considered to be application-level if it is associated with a service. If not associated with a service, the check monitors the health of the entire node.

A check is defined in a configuration file or added at runtime over the HTTP interface. Checks created via the HTTP interface persist with that node.

There are three different kinds of checks:

Script + Interval - These checks depend on invoking an external application that performs the health check, exits with an appropriate exit code, and potentially generates some output. A script is paired with an invocation interval (e.g. every 30 seconds). This is similar to the Nagios plugin system.
HTTP + Interval - These checks make an HTTP GET request every Interval (e.g. every 30 seconds) to the specified URL. The status of the service depends on the HTTP response code: any 2xx code is considered passing, a 429 Too Many Requests is a warning, and anything else is a failure. This type of check should be preferred over a script that uses curl or another external process to check a simple HTTP operation.
Time to Live (TTL) - These checks retain their last known state for a given TTL. The state of the check must be updated periodically over the HTTP interface. If an external system fails to update the status within a given TTL, the check is set to the failed state. This mechanism is used to allow an application to directly report its health. For example, a healthy web app can periodically PUT a status update to the HTTP endpoint; if the app fails, the TTL will expire and the health check enters a critical state. This is conceptually similar to a dead man's switch.

Check Definition

A script check:

{
  "check": {
    "id": "mem-util",
    "name": "Memory utilization",
    "script": "/usr/local/bin/check_mem.py",
    "interval": "10s"
  }
}

A HTTP check:

{
  "check": {
    "id": "api",
    "name": "HTTP API on port 5000",
    "http": "http://localhost:5000/health",
    "interval": "10s"
  }
}

A TTL check:

{
  "check": {
    "id": "web-app",
    "name": "Web App Status",
    "notes": "Web app does a curl internally every 10 seconds",
    "ttl": "30s"
  }
}

Each type of definition must include a name and may optionally provide an id and notes field. The id is set to the name if not provided. It is required that all checks have a unique ID per node: if names might conflict, unique IDs should be provided.

The notes field is opaque to Consul but can be used to provide a human-readable descriptions. With a script check, the field is set to any output generated by the script. Similarly, an external process updating a TTL check via the HTTP interface can set the notes value.

To configure a check, either provide it as a -config-file option to the agent or place it inside the -config-dir of the agent. The file must end in the ".json" extension to be loaded by Consul. Check definitions can also be updated by sending a SIGHUP to the agent. Alternatively, the check can be registered dynamically using the HTTP API.

Check Scripts

A check script is generally free to do anything to determine the status of the check. The only limitations placed are that the exit codes must obey this convention:

Exit code 0 - Check is passing
Exit code 1 - Check is warning
Any other code - Check is failing

This is the only convention that Consul depends on. Any output of the script will be captured and stored in the notes field so that it can be viewed by human operators.

Service-bound checks

Health checks may optionally be bound to a specific service. This ensures that the status of the health check will only affect the health status of the given service instead of the entire node. Service-bound health checks may be provided by adding a service_id field to a check configuration:

{
  "check": {
    "id": "web-app",
    "name": "Web App Status",
    "service_id": "web-app",
    "ttl": "30s"
  }
}

In the above configuration, if the web-app health check begins failing, it will only affect the availability of the web-app service. All other services provided by the node will remain unchanged.

Multiple Check Definitions

Multiple check definitions can be defined using the checks (plural) key in your configuration file.

{
  "checks": [
    {
      "id": "chk1",
      "name": "mem",
      "script": "/bin/check_mem",
      "interval": "5s"
    },
    {
      "id": "chk2",
      "name": "/health",
      "http": "http://localhost:5000/health",
      "interval": "15s"
    },
    {
      "id": "chk3",
      "name": "cpu",
      "script": "/bin/check_cpu",
      "interval": "10s"
    },
    ...
  ]
}

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