consul/website/source/docs/agent/checks.html.markdown

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---
layout: "docs"
page_title: "Check Definition"
sidebar_current: "docs-agent-checks"
description: |-
One of the primary roles of the agent is the management of system and application level health checks. A health check is considered to be application level if it associated with a service. A check is defined in a configuration file, or added at runtime over the HTTP interface.
---
# Checks
One of the primary roles of the agent is the management of system and
application level health checks. A health check is considered to be application
level if it associated with a service. A check is defined in a configuration file,
or added at runtime over the HTTP interface.
There are three different kinds of checks:
* Script + Interval - These checks depend on invoking an external application
that does the health check and exits with an appropriate exit code, potentially
generating some output. A script is paired with an invocation interval (e.g.
every 30 seconds). This is similar to the Nagios plugin system.
* HTTP + Interval - These checks make an `HTTP GET` request every Interval (e.g.
every 30 seconds) to the specified URL. The status of the service depends on the HTTP Response Code.
any `2xx` code is passing, `429 Too Many Requests` is warning and anything else is failing.
This type of check should be preferred over a script that for example uses `curl`.
* Time to Live (TTL) - These checks retain their last known state for a given TTL.
The state of the check must be updated periodically over the HTTP interface. If an
external system fails to update the status within a given TTL, the check is
set to the failed state. This mechanism is used to allow an application to
directly report its health. For example, a web app can periodically curl the
endpoint, and if the app fails, then the TTL will expire and the health check
enters a critical state. This is conceptually similar to a dead man's switch.
## Check Definition
A check definition that is a script looks like:
```javascript
{
"check": {
"id": "mem-util",
"name": "Memory utilization",
"script": "/usr/local/bin/check_mem.py",
"interval": "10s"
}
}
```
An HTTP based check looks like:
```javascript
{
"check": {
"id": "api",
"name": "HTTP API on port 5000",
"http": "http://localhost:5000/health",
"interval": "10s"
}
}
```
A TTL based check is very similar:
```javascript
{
"check": {
"id": "web-app",
"name": "Web App Status",
"notes": "Web app does a curl internally every 10 seconds",
"ttl": "30s"
}
}
```
Each type of definitions must include a `name`, and may optionally
provide an `id` and `notes` field. The `id` is set to the `name` if not
provided. It is required that all checks have a unique ID per node, so if names
might conflict then unique ID's should be provided.
The `notes` field is opaque to Consul, but may be used for human
readable descriptions. The field is set to any output that a script
generates, and similarly the TTL update hooks can update the `notes`
as well.
To configure a check, either provide it as a `-config-file` option to the
agent, or place it inside the `-config-dir` of the agent. The file must
end in the ".json" extension to be loaded by Consul. Check definitions can
also be updated by sending a `SIGHUP` to the agent. Alternatively, the
check can be registered dynamically using the [HTTP API](/docs/agent/http.html).
## Check Scripts
A check script is generally free to do anything to determine the status
of the check. The only limitations placed are that the exit codes must convey
a specific meaning. Specifically:
* Exit code 0 - Check is passing
* Exit code 1 - Check is warning
* Any other code - Check is failing
This is the only convention that Consul depends on. Any output of the script
will be captured and stored in the `notes` field so that it can be viewed
by human operators.
## Multiple Check Definitions
Multiple check definitions can be provided at once using the `checks` (plural)
key in your configuration file.
```javascript
{
"checks": [
{
"id": "chk1",
"name": "mem",
"script": "/bin/check_mem",
"interval": "5s"
},
{
"id": "chk2",
"name": "/health",
"http": "http://localhost:5000/health",
"interval": "15s"
},
{
"id": "chk3",
"name": "cpu",
"script": "/bin/check_cpu",
"interval": "10s"
},
...
]
}
```