consul/website/source/docs/agent/services.html.markdown

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---
layout: "docs"
page_title: "Service Definition"
sidebar_current: "docs-agent-services"
description: |-
One of the main goals of service discovery is to provide a catalog of available services. To that end, the agent provides a simple service definition format to declare the availability of a service and to potentially associate it with a health check. A health check is considered to be application level if it associated with a service. A service is defined in a configuration file or added at runtime over the HTTP interface.
---
# Services
One of the main goals of service discovery is to provide a catalog of available
services. To that end, the agent provides a simple service definition format
to declare the availability of a service and to potentially associate it with
a health check. A health check is considered to be application level if it
associated with a service. A service is defined in a configuration file
or added at runtime over the HTTP interface.
## Service Definition
A service definition that is a script looks like:
```javascript
{
"service": {
"name": "redis",
"tags": ["master"],
"address": "127.0.0.1",
"port": 8000,
"checks": [
{
"script": "/usr/local/bin/check_redis.py",
"interval": "10s"
}
]
}
}
```
A service definition must include a `name` and may optionally provide
an `id`, `tags`, `address`, `port`, and `check`. The `id` is set to the `name` if not
provided. It is required that all services have a unique ID per node, so if names
might conflict then unique IDs should be provided.
The `tags` property is a list of values that are opaque to Consul but can be used to
distinguish between "master" or "slave" nodes, different versions, or any other service
level labels.
The `address` field can be used to specify a service-specific IP address. By
default, the IP address of the agent is used, and this does not need to be provided.
The `port` field can be used as well to make a service-oriented architecture
simpler to configure; this way, the address and port of a service can
be discovered.
Services may also contain a `token` field to provide an ACL token. This token is
used for any interaction with the catalog for the service, including
[anti-entropy syncs](/docs/internals/anti-entropy.html) and deregistration.
A service can have an associated health check. This is a powerful feature as
it allows a web balancer to gracefully remove failing nodes, a database
to replace a failed slave, etc. The health check is strongly integrated in
the DNS interface as well. If a service is failing its health check or a
node has any failing system-level check, the DNS interface will omit that
node from any service query.
The check must be of the script, HTTP, or TTL type. If it is a script type, `script`
and `interval` must be provided. If it is a HTTP type, `http` and
`interval` must be provided. If it is a TTL type, then only `ttl` must be
provided. The check name is automatically generated as
`service:<service-id>`. If there are multiple service checks registered, the
ID will be generated as `service:<service-id>:<num>` where `<num>` is an
incrementing number starting from `1`.
Note: there is more information about [checks here](/docs/agent/checks.html).
To configure a service, either provide it as a `-config-file` option to the
agent or place it inside the `-config-dir` of the agent. The file must
end in the ".json" extension to be loaded by Consul. Check definitions can
also be updated by sending a `SIGHUP` to the agent. Alternatively, the
service can be registered dynamically using the [HTTP API](/docs/agent/http.html).
## Multiple Service Definitions
Multiple services definitions can be provided at once using the `services`
(plural) key in your configuration file.
```javascript
{
"services": [
{
"id": "red0",
"name": "redis",
"tags": [
"master"
],
"address": "127.0.0.1",
"port": 6000,
"checks": [
{
"script": "/bin/check_redis -p 6000",
"interval": "5s",
"ttl": "20s"
}
]
},
{
"id": "red1",
"name": "redis",
"tags": [
"delayed",
"slave"
],
"address": "127.0.0.1",
"port": 7000,
"checks": [
{
"script": "/bin/check_redis -p 7000",
"interval": "30s",
"ttl": "60s"
}
]
},
...
]
}
```