Support full GitHub app authentication (#1986)

* Support full GitHub app authentication Refactor GithubIntegration class and add test case for app authentication Add permissions and repository properties in InstallationAuthorization Set JWT_EXPIRY=60 by default in GithubIntegration constructor * Modify existing testcases for GithubIntegration as per the framework and add missing tests * Provide installation ID for creating the access token instead of getting the first installation * Add optional permissions support for installation access token * Add lock around app authentication * Keep compatibility for importing GithubIntegration from MainClass * Group app authentication parameters in a class Co-authored-by: Malik Ammar Akbar <malikammar.akbar@pfizer.com> Co-authored-by: Enrico Minack <github@enrico.minack.dev>
2026-09-01 11:21:16 +00:00 · 2023-02-06 20:50:15 +11:00
parent 7cf3dfc18e
commit 5e27c10a31
30 changed files with 817 additions and 304 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+############################ Copyrights and license ############################
+#                                                                              #
+# Copyright 2023 Denis Blanchette <denisblanchette@gmail.com>                  #
+#                                                                              #
+# This file is part of PyGithub.                                               #
+# http://pygithub.readthedocs.io/                                              #
+#                                                                              #
+# PyGithub is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under    #
+# the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free  #
+# Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)    #
+# any later version.                                                           #
+#                                                                              #
+# PyGithub is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY  #
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS    #
+# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more #
+# details.                                                                     #
+#                                                                              #
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License     #
+# along with PyGithub. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.             #
+#                                                                              #
+################################################################################
+
+
+class AppAuthentication:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app_id,
+        private_key,
+        installation_id,
+        token_permissions=None,
+    ):
+        assert isinstance(app_id, (int, str)), app_id
+        assert isinstance(private_key, str)
+        assert isinstance(installation_id, int), installation_id
+        assert token_permissions is None or isinstance(
+            token_permissions, dict
+        ), token_permissions
+        self.app_id = app_id
+        self.private_key = private_key
+        self.installation_id = installation_id
+        self.token_permissions = token_permissions
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import Optional, Dict, Union
+
+class AppAuthentication:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app_id: Union[int, str],
+        private_key: str,
+        installation_id: int,
+        token_permissions: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = ...,
+    ): ...
@@ -131,3 +131,20 @@ deploymentStatusEnhancementsPreview = "application/vnd.github.flash-preview+json

 # https://developer.github.com/changes/2019-12-03-internal-visibility-changes/
 repoVisibilityPreview = "application/vnd.github.nebula-preview+json"
+
+DEFAULT_BASE_URL = "https://api.github.com"
+DEFAULT_STATUS_URL = "https://status.github.com"
+# As of 2018-05-17, Github imposes a 10s limit for completion of API requests.
+# Thus, the timeout should be slightly > 10s to account for network/front-end
+# latency.
+DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 15
+DEFAULT_PER_PAGE = 30
+
+# JWT expiry in seconds. Could be set for max 600 seconds (10 minutes).
+# https://docs.github.com/en/developers/apps/building-github-apps/authenticating-with-github-apps#authenticating-as-a-github-app
+DEFAULT_JWT_EXPIRY = 300
+MIN_JWT_EXPIRY = 15
+MAX_JWT_EXPIRY = 600
+# https://docs.github.com/en/developers/apps/building-github-apps/authenticating-with-github-apps#generating-a-json-web-token-jwt
+# "The time the JWT was created. To protect against clock drift, we recommend you set this 60 seconds in the past."
+DEFAULT_JWT_ISSUED_AT = -60
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+import time
+
+import deprecated
+import jwt
+
+from github import Consts
+from github.GithubException import GithubException
+from github.Installation import Installation
+from github.InstallationAuthorization import InstallationAuthorization
+from github.PaginatedList import PaginatedList
+from github.Requester import Requester
+
+
+class GithubIntegration:
+    """
+    Main class to obtain tokens for a GitHub integration.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        integration_id,
+        private_key,
+        base_url=Consts.DEFAULT_BASE_URL,
+        jwt_expiry=Consts.DEFAULT_JWT_EXPIRY,
+        jwt_issued_at=Consts.DEFAULT_JWT_ISSUED_AT,
+    ):
+        """
+        :param integration_id: int
+        :param private_key: string
+        :param base_url: string
+        :param jwt_expiry: int. Expiry of the JWT used to get the information about this integration.
+          The default expiration is in 5 minutes and is capped at 10 minutes according to GitHub documentation
+          https://docs.github.com/en/developers/apps/building-github-apps/authenticating-with-github-apps#generating-a-json-web-token-jwt
+        :param jwt_issued_at: int. Number of seconds, relative to now, to set for the "iat" (issued at) parameter.
+          The default value is -60 to protect against clock drift
+        """
+        assert isinstance(integration_id, (int, str)), integration_id
+        assert isinstance(private_key, str), "supplied private key should be a string"
+        assert isinstance(base_url, str), base_url
+        assert isinstance(jwt_expiry, int), jwt_expiry
+        assert Consts.MIN_JWT_EXPIRY <= jwt_expiry <= Consts.MAX_JWT_EXPIRY, jwt_expiry
+        assert isinstance(jwt_issued_at, int)
+
+        self.base_url = base_url
+        self.integration_id = integration_id
+        self.private_key = private_key
+        self.jwt_expiry = jwt_expiry
+        self.jwt_issued_at = jwt_issued_at
+        self.__requester = Requester(
+            login_or_token=None,
+            password=None,
+            jwt=self.create_jwt(),
+            app_auth=None,
+            base_url=self.base_url,
+            timeout=Consts.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+            user_agent="PyGithub/Python",
+            per_page=Consts.DEFAULT_PER_PAGE,
+            verify=True,
+            retry=None,
+            pool_size=None,
+        )
+
+    def _get_headers(self):
+        """
+        Get headers for the requests.
+
+        :return: dict
+        """
+        return {
+            "Authorization": f"Bearer {self.create_jwt()}",
+            "Accept": Consts.mediaTypeIntegrationPreview,
+            "User-Agent": "PyGithub/Python",
+        }
+
+    def _get_installed_app(self, url):
+        """
+        Get installation for the given URL.
+
+        :param url: str
+        :rtype: :class:`github.Installation.Installation`
+        """
+        headers, response = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck(
+            "GET", url, headers=self._get_headers()
+        )
+
+        return Installation(
+            requester=self.__requester,
+            headers=headers,
+            attributes=response,
+            completed=True,
+        )
+
+    def create_jwt(self):
+        """
+        Create a signed JWT
+        https://docs.github.com/en/developers/apps/building-github-apps/authenticating-with-github-apps#authenticating-as-a-github-app
+
+        :return string:
+        """
+        now = int(time.time())
+        payload = {
+            "iat": now + self.jwt_issued_at,
+            "exp": now + self.jwt_expiry,
+            "iss": self.integration_id,
+        }
+        encrypted = jwt.encode(payload, key=self.private_key, algorithm="RS256")
+
+        if isinstance(encrypted, bytes):
+            encrypted = encrypted.decode("utf-8")
+
+        return encrypted
+
+    def get_access_token(self, installation_id, permissions=None):
+        """
+        :calls: `POST /app/installations/{installation_id}/access_tokens <https://docs.github.com/en/rest/apps/apps#create-an-installation-access-token-for-an-app>`
+        :param installation_id: int
+        :param permissions: dict
+        :return: :class:`github.InstallationAuthorization.InstallationAuthorization`
+        """
+        if permissions is None:
+            permissions = {}
+
+        if not isinstance(permissions, dict):
+            raise GithubException(
+                status=400, data={"message": "Invalid permissions"}, headers=None
+            )
+
+        body = {"permissions": permissions}
+        headers, response = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck(
+            "POST",
+            f"/app/installations/{installation_id}/access_tokens",
+            input=body,
+        )
+
+        return InstallationAuthorization(
+            requester=self.__requester,
+            headers=headers,
+            attributes=response,
+            completed=True,
+        )
+
+    @deprecated.deprecated("Use get_repo_installation")
+    def get_installation(self, owner, repo):
+        """
+        Deprecated by get_repo_installation
+
+        :calls: `GET /repos/{owner}/{repo}/installation <https://docs.github.com/en/rest/reference/apps#get-a-repository-installation-for-the-authenticated-app>`
+        :param owner: str
+        :param repo: str
+        :rtype: :class:`github.Installation.Installation`
+        """
+        return self._get_installed_app(url=f"/repos/{owner}/{repo}/installation")
+
+    def get_installations(self):
+        """
+        :calls: GET /app/installations <https://docs.github.com/en/rest/reference/apps#list-installations-for-the-authenticated-app>
+        :rtype: :class:`github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList[github.Installation.Installation]`
+        """
+        return PaginatedList(
+            contentClass=Installation,
+            requester=self.__requester,
+            firstUrl="/app/installations",
+            firstParams=None,
+            headers=self._get_headers(),
+            list_item="installations",
+        )
+
+    def get_org_installation(self, org):
+        """
+        :calls: `GET /orgs/{org}/installation <https://docs.github.com/en/rest/apps/apps#get-an-organization-installation-for-the-authenticated-app>`
+        :param org: str
+        :rtype: :class:`github.Installation.Installation`
+        """
+        return self._get_installed_app(url=f"/orgs/{org}/installation")
+
+    def get_repo_installation(self, owner, repo):
+        """
+        :calls: `GET /repos/{owner}/{repo}/installation <https://docs.github.com/en/rest/reference/apps#get-a-repository-installation-for-the-authenticated-app>`
+        :param owner: str
+        :param repo: str
+        :rtype: :class:`github.Installation.Installation`
+        """
+        return self._get_installed_app(url=f"/repos/{owner}/{repo}/installation")
+
+    def get_user_installation(self, username):
+        """
+        :calls: `GET /users/{username}/installation <https://docs.github.com/en/rest/apps/apps#get-a-user-installation-for-the-authenticated-app>`
+        :param username: str
+        :rtype: :class:`github.Installation.Installation`
+        """
+        return self._get_installed_app(url=f"/users/{username}/installation")
+
+    def get_app_installation(self, installation_id):
+        """
+        :calls: `GET /app/installations/{installation_id} <https://docs.github.com/en/rest/apps/apps#get-an-installation-for-the-authenticated-app>`
+        :param installation_id: int
+        :rtype: :class:`github.Installation.Installation`
+        """
+        return self._get_installed_app(url=f"/app/installations/{installation_id}")
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from typing import Union, Optional, Dict
+
+from github.Installation import Installation
+from github.InstallationAuthorization import InstallationAuthorization
+from github.PaginatedList import PaginatedList
+from github.Requester import Requester
+
+class GithubIntegration:
+    integration_id: Union[int, str] = ...
+    private_key: str = ...
+    base_url: str = ...
+    jwt_expiry: int = ...
+    jwt_issued_at: int = ...
+    __requester: Requester = ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        integration_id: Union[int, str],
+        private_key: str,
+        base_url: str = ...,
+        jwt_expiry: int = ...,
+        jwt_issued_at: int = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def _get_installed_app(self, url: str) -> Installation: ...
+    def _get_headers(self) -> Dict[str, str]: ...
+    def create_jwt(self, expiration: int = ...) -> str: ...
+    def get_access_token(
+        self, installation_id: int, permissions: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = ...
+    ) -> InstallationAuthorization: ...
+    def get_app_installation(self, installation_id: int) -> Installation: ...
+    def get_installation(self, owner: str, repo: str) -> Installation: ...
+    def get_installations(self) -> PaginatedList[Installation]: ...
+    def get_org_installation(self, org: str) -> Installation: ...
+    def get_repo_installation(self, owner: str, repo: str) -> Installation: ...
+    def get_user_installation(self, username: str) -> Installation: ...
@@ -57,10 +57,26 @@ class InstallationAuthorization(github.GithubObject.NonCompletableGithubObject):
        """
        return self._on_behalf_of.value

+    @property
+    def permissions(self):
+        """
+        :type: dict
+        """
+        return self._permissions.value
+
+    @property
+    def repository_selection(self):
+        """
+        :type: string
+        """
+        return self._repository_selection.value
+
    def _initAttributes(self):
        self._token = github.GithubObject.NotSet
        self._expires_at = github.GithubObject.NotSet
        self._on_behalf_of = github.GithubObject.NotSet
+        self._permissions = github.GithubObject.NotSet
+        self._repository_selection = github.GithubObject.NotSet

    def _useAttributes(self, attributes):
        if "token" in attributes:  # pragma no branch
@@ -71,3 +87,9 @@ class InstallationAuthorization(github.GithubObject.NonCompletableGithubObject):
            self._on_behalf_of = self._makeClassAttribute(
                github.NamedUser.NamedUser, attributes["on_behalf_of"]
            )
+        if "permissions" in attributes:  # pragma no branch
+            self._permissions = self._makeDictAttribute(attributes["permissions"])
+        if "repository_selection" in attributes:  # pragma no branch
+            self._repository_selection = self._makeStringAttribute(
+                attributes["repository_selection"]
+            )
@@ -14,3 +14,7 @@ class InstallationAuthorization(NonCompletableGithubObject):
    def on_behalf_of(self) -> NamedUser: ...
    @property
    def token(self) -> str: ...
+    @property
+    def permissions(self) -> dict: ...
+    @property
+    def repository_selection(self) -> str: ...
@@ -49,10 +49,7 @@

 import datetime
 import pickle
-import time

-import jwt
-import requests
 import urllib3

 import github.ApplicationOAuth
@@ -68,24 +65,13 @@ from . import (
    AuthenticatedUser,
    Consts,
    GithubApp,
-    GithubException,
    GitignoreTemplate,
    HookDescription,
-    Installation,
-    InstallationAuthorization,
    RateLimit,
    Repository,
 )
 from .Requester import Requester

-DEFAULT_BASE_URL = "https://api.github.com"
-DEFAULT_STATUS_URL = "https://status.github.com"
-# As of 2018-05-17, Github imposes a 10s limit for completion of API requests.
-# Thus, the timeout should be slightly > 10s to account for network/front-end
-# latency.
-DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 15
-DEFAULT_PER_PAGE = 30
-

 class Github:
    """
@@ -97,10 +83,11 @@ class Github:
        login_or_token=None,
        password=None,
        jwt=None,
-        base_url=DEFAULT_BASE_URL,
-        timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        app_auth=None,
+        base_url=Consts.DEFAULT_BASE_URL,
+        timeout=Consts.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
        user_agent="PyGithub/Python",
-        per_page=DEFAULT_PER_PAGE,
+        per_page=Consts.DEFAULT_PER_PAGE,
        verify=True,
        retry=None,
        pool_size=None,
@@ -108,6 +95,8 @@ class Github:
        """
        :param login_or_token: string
        :param password: string
+        :param jwt: string
+        :param app_auth: github.AppAuthentication
        :param base_url: string
        :param timeout: integer
        :param user_agent: string
@@ -125,14 +114,16 @@ class Github:
        assert user_agent is None or isinstance(user_agent, str), user_agent
        assert (
            retry is None
-            or isinstance(retry, (int))
-            or isinstance(retry, (urllib3.util.Retry))
-        )
-        assert pool_size is None or isinstance(pool_size, (int)), pool_size
+            or isinstance(retry, int)
+            or isinstance(retry, urllib3.util.Retry)
+        ), retry
+        assert pool_size is None or isinstance(pool_size, int), pool_size
+
        self.__requester = Requester(
            login_or_token,
            password,
            jwt,
+            app_auth,
            base_url,
            timeout,
            user_agent,
@@ -786,95 +777,5 @@ class Github:
            return GithubApp.GithubApp(self.__requester, headers, data, completed=True)


-class GithubIntegration:
-    """
-    Main class to obtain tokens for a GitHub integration.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, integration_id, private_key, base_url=DEFAULT_BASE_URL):
-        """
-        :param base_url: string
-        :param integration_id: int
-        :param private_key: string
-        """
-        self.base_url = base_url
-        self.integration_id = integration_id
-        self.private_key = private_key
-        assert isinstance(base_url, str), base_url
-
-    def create_jwt(self, expiration=60):
-        """
-        Creates a signed JWT, valid for 60 seconds by default.
-        The expiration can be extended beyond this, to a maximum of 600 seconds.
-
-        :param expiration: int
-        :return string:
-        """
-        now = int(time.time())
-        payload = {"iat": now, "exp": now + expiration, "iss": self.integration_id}
-        encrypted = jwt.encode(payload, key=self.private_key, algorithm="RS256")
-
-        if isinstance(encrypted, bytes):
-            encrypted = encrypted.decode("utf-8")
-
-        return encrypted
-
-    def get_access_token(self, installation_id, user_id=None):
-        """
-        Get an access token for the given installation id.
-        POSTs https://api.github.com/app/installations/<installation_id>/access_tokens
-        :param user_id: int
-        :param installation_id: int
-        :return: :class:`github.InstallationAuthorization.InstallationAuthorization`
-        """
-        body = {}
-        if user_id:
-            body = {"user_id": user_id}
-        response = requests.post(
-            f"{self.base_url}/app/installations/{installation_id}/access_tokens",
-            headers={
-                "Authorization": f"Bearer {self.create_jwt()}",
-                "Accept": Consts.mediaTypeIntegrationPreview,
-                "User-Agent": "PyGithub/Python",
-            },
-            json=body,
-        )
-
-        if response.status_code == 201:
-            return InstallationAuthorization.InstallationAuthorization(
-                requester=None,  # not required, this is a NonCompletableGithubObject
-                headers={},  # not required, this is a NonCompletableGithubObject
-                attributes=response.json(),
-                completed=True,
-            )
-        elif response.status_code == 403:
-            raise GithubException.BadCredentialsException(
-                status=response.status_code, data=response.text
-            )
-        elif response.status_code == 404:
-            raise GithubException.UnknownObjectException(
-                status=response.status_code, data=response.text
-            )
-        raise GithubException.GithubException(
-            status=response.status_code, data=response.text
-        )
-
-    def get_installation(self, owner, repo):
-        """
-        :calls: `GET /repos/{owner}/{repo}/installation <https://docs.github.com/en/rest/reference/apps#get-a-repository-installation-for-the-authenticated-app>`_
-        :param owner: str
-        :param repo: str
-        :rtype: :class:`github.Installation.Installation`
-        """
-        headers = {
-            "Authorization": f"Bearer {self.create_jwt()}",
-            "Accept": Consts.mediaTypeIntegrationPreview,
-            "User-Agent": "PyGithub/Python",
-        }
-
-        response = requests.get(
-            f"{self.base_url}/repos/{owner}/{repo}/installation",
-            headers=headers,
-        )
-        response_dict = response.json()
-        return Installation.Installation(None, headers, response_dict, True)
+# Retrocompatibility
+GithubIntegration = github.GithubIntegration
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from io import BytesIO
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union, overload

+from github.AppAuthentication import AppAuthentication
 from github.AuthenticatedUser import AuthenticatedUser
 from github.Commit import Commit
 from github.ContentFile import ContentFile
@@ -10,8 +11,6 @@ from github.Gist import Gist
 from github.GithubObject import GithubObject, _NotSetType
 from github.GitignoreTemplate import GitignoreTemplate
 from github.HookDescription import HookDescription
-from github.Installation import Installation
-from github.InstallationAuthorization import InstallationAuthorization
 from github.Issue import Issue
 from github.License import License
 from github.NamedUser import NamedUser
@@ -32,10 +31,9 @@ class Github:
        login_or_token: Optional[str] = ...,
        password: Optional[str] = ...,
        jwt: Optional[str] = ...,
+        app_auth: Optional[AppAuthentication] = ...,
        base_url: str = ...,
        timeout: int = ...,
-        client_id: Optional[str] = ...,
-        client_secret: Optional[str] = ...,
        user_agent: str = ...,
        per_page: int = ...,
        verify: bool = ...,
@@ -67,7 +65,6 @@ class Github:
    def get_gitignore_templates(self) -> List[str]: ...
    def get_hook(self, name: str) -> HookDescription: ...
    def get_hooks(self) -> List[HookDescription]: ...
-    def get_installation(self, id: int) -> Installation: ...
    def get_license(self, key: Union[str, _NotSetType] = ...) -> License: ...
    def get_licenses(self) -> PaginatedList[License]: ...
    def get_organization(self, login: str) -> Organization: ...
@@ -87,7 +84,9 @@ class Github:
    @overload
    def get_user(self, login: _NotSetType = ...) -> AuthenticatedUser: ...
    @overload
-    def get_user(self, login: str) -> NamedUser: ...
+    def get_user(
+        self, login: Union[str, _NotSetType] = ...
+    ) -> Union[NamedUser, AuthenticatedUser]: ...
    def get_user_by_id(self, user_id: int) -> NamedUser: ...
    def get_users(
        self, since: Union[int, _NotSetType] = ...
@@ -139,13 +138,3 @@ class Github:
        order: Union[str, _NotSetType] = ...,
        **qualifiers: Any
    ) -> PaginatedList[NamedUser]: ...
-
-class GithubIntegration:
-    def __init__(
-        self, integration_id: Union[int, str], private_key: str, base_url: str = ...
-    ) -> None: ...
-    def create_jwt(self, expiration: int = ...) -> str: ...
-    def get_access_token(
-        self, installation_id: int, user_id: Optional[int] = ...
-    ) -> InstallationAuthorization: ...
-    def get_installation(self, owner: str, repo: str) -> Installation: ...
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 ################################################################################

 import base64
+import datetime
 import json
 import logging
 import mimetypes
@@ -59,10 +60,14 @@ import re
 import time
 import urllib
 from io import IOBase
+from multiprocessing import RLock

 import requests

-from . import Consts, GithubException
+from . import Consts, GithubException, GithubIntegration
+
+# For App authentication, time remaining before token expiration to request a new one
+ACCESS_TOKEN_REFRESH_THRESHOLD_SECONDS = 20


 class RequestsResponse:
@@ -294,6 +299,7 @@ class Requester:
        login_or_token,
        password,
        jwt,
+        app_auth,
        base_url,
        timeout,
        user_agent,
@@ -304,6 +310,11 @@ class Requester:
    ):
        self._initializeDebugFeature()

+        self.__installation_authorization = None
+        self.__app_auth = app_auth
+
+        self.__auth_lock = RLock()
+
        if password is not None:
            login = login_or_token
            b64 = (
@@ -317,6 +328,8 @@ class Requester:
            self.__authorizationHeader = f"token {token}"
        elif jwt is not None:
            self.__authorizationHeader = f"Bearer {jwt}"
+        elif self.__app_auth is not None:
+            self._refresh_token()
        else:
            self.__authorizationHeader = None

@@ -349,6 +362,40 @@ class Requester:
        self.__userAgent = user_agent
        self.__verify = verify

+    def _must_refresh_token(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if it is time to refresh the API token gotten from the GitHub app installation"""
+        if not self.__installation_authorization:
+            return False
+        return (
+            self.__installation_authorization.expires_at
+            < datetime.datetime.utcnow()
+            + datetime.timedelta(seconds=ACCESS_TOKEN_REFRESH_THRESHOLD_SECONDS)
+        )
+
+    def _get_installation_authorization(self):
+        assert self.__app_auth is not None
+        integration = GithubIntegration.GithubIntegration(
+            self.__app_auth.app_id, self.__app_auth.private_key
+        )
+        return integration.get_access_token(
+            self.__app_auth.installation_id,
+            permissions=self.__app_auth.token_permissions,
+        )
+
+    def _refresh_token_if_needed(self) -> None:
+        """Get a new access token from the GitHub app installation if the one we have is about to expire"""
+        if not self.__installation_authorization:
+            return
+        with self.__auth_lock:
+            if self._must_refresh_token():
+                logging.debug("Refreshing access token")
+                self._refresh_token()
+
+    def _refresh_token(self) -> None:
+        """In the context of a GitHub app, refresh the access token"""
+        self.__installation_authorization = self._get_installation_authorization()
+        self.__authorizationHeader = f"token {self.__installation_authorization.token}"
+
    def requestJsonAndCheck(self, verb, url, parameters=None, headers=None, input=None):
        return self.__check(
            *self.requestJson(
@@ -578,6 +625,7 @@ class Requester:
        return status, responseHeaders, output

    def __authenticate(self, url, requestHeaders, parameters):
+        self._refresh_token_if_needed()
        if self.__authorizationHeader is not None:
            requestHeaders["Authorization"] = self.__authorizationHeader

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterator, Optional, Tuple, Union

 from requests.models import Response

+from github.AppAuthentication import AppAuthentication
 from github.GithubObject import GithubObject
+from github.InstallationAuthorization import InstallationAuthorization

 from urllib3.util import Retry

@@ -47,6 +49,8 @@ class HTTPSRequestsConnectionClass:
    ) -> None: ...

 class Requester:
+    __installation_authorization: Optional[InstallationAuthorization] = ...
+    __app_auth: Optional[AppAuthentication] = ...
    def DEBUG_ON_RESPONSE(
        self, statusCode: int, responseHeader: Dict[str, str], data: str
    ) -> None: ...
@@ -54,7 +58,7 @@ class Requester:
    def __check(
        self,
        status: int,
-        responseHeader: Dict[str, Any],
+        responseHeaders: Dict[str, Any],
        output: str,
    ) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]: ...
    def __addParametersToUrl(
@@ -65,7 +69,7 @@ class Requester:
    def __authenticate(
        self,
        url: str,
-        responseHeader: Dict[str, Any],
+        requestHeaders: Dict[str, Any],
        parameters: Dict[str, Any],
    ) -> None: ...
    def __customConnection(
@@ -88,37 +92,37 @@ class Requester:
        requestHeaders: Dict[str, str],
        input: Optional[str],
        status: Optional[int],
-        responseHeader: Dict[str, Any],
+        responseHeaders: Dict[str, Any],
        output: Optional[str],
    ) -> None: ...
    def __makeAbsoluteUrl(self, url: str) -> str: ...
    def __structuredFromJson(self, data: str) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]: ...
    def __requestEncode(
        self,
+        cnx: Union[HTTPRequestsConnectionClass, HTTPSRequestsConnectionClass],
        verb: str,
        url: str,
-        parameters: Dict[str, str] = ...,
-        headers: Dict[str, str] = ...,
-        input: Optional[str] = ...,
-        encode: Callable[[str], str] = ...,
+        parameters: Dict[str, str],
+        requestHeaders: Dict[str, str],
+        input: Optional[str],
+        encode: Callable[[str], str],
    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any], str]: ...
    def __requestRaw(
        self,
+        cnx: Union[HTTPRequestsConnectionClass, HTTPSRequestsConnectionClass],
        verb: str,
        url: str,
-        parameters: Dict[str, str] = ...,
-        headers: Dict[str, str] = ...,
-        input: Optional[str] = ...,
+        requestHeaders: Dict[str, str],
+        input: Optional[str],
    ) -> Tuple[int, Dict[str, Any], str]: ...
    def __init__(
        self,
        login_or_token: Optional[str],
        password: Optional[str],
        jwt: Optional[str],
+        app_auth: Optional[AppAuthentication],
        base_url: str,
        timeout: int,
-        client_id: Optional[str],
-        client_secret: Optional[str],
        user_agent: str,
        per_page: int,
        verify: bool,
@@ -127,6 +131,10 @@ class Requester:
    ) -> None: ...
    def _initializeDebugFeature(self) -> None: ...
    def check_me(self, obj: GithubObject) -> None: ...
+    def _must_refresh_token(self) -> bool: ...
+    def _get_installation_authorization(self) -> InstallationAuthorization: ...
+    def _refresh_token_if_needed(self) -> None: ...
+    def _refresh_token(self) -> None: ...
    @classmethod
    def injectConnectionClasses(
        cls, httpConnectionClass: Callable, httpsConnectionClass: Callable
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Union
-
-from github.GithubObject import NonCompletableGithubObject
-
-class SelfHostedActionsRunner(NonCompletableGithubObject):
-    def __repr__(self) -> str: ...
-    def _initAttributes(self) -> None: ...
-    def _useAttributes(self, attributes: Dict[str, Any]) -> None: ...
-    @property
-    def id(self) -> int: ...
-    @property
-    def name(self) -> str: ...
-    @property
-    def os(self) -> str: ...
-    @property
-    def status(self) -> str: ...
-    @property
-    def busy(self) -> bool: ...
-    def labels(self) -> List[Dict[str, Union[str, int]]]: ...
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Union
+
+from github.GithubObject import NonCompletableGithubObject
+
+class SelfHostedActionsRunner(NonCompletableGithubObject):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str: ...
+    def _initAttributes(self) -> None: ...
+    def _useAttributes(self, attributes: Dict[str, Any]) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def id(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str: ...
+    @property
+    def os(self) -> str: ...
+    @property
+    def status(self) -> str: ...
+    @property
+    def busy(self) -> bool: ...
+    def labels(self) -> List[Dict[str, Union[str, int]]]: ...
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ like :class:`github.NamedUser.NamedUser` or :class:`github.Repository.Repository
 All classes inherit from :class:`github.GithubObject.GithubObject`.
 """
 __all__ = [
+    "AppAuthentication",
    "BadAttributeException",
    "BadCredentialsException",
    "BadUserAgentException",
@@ -53,7 +54,9 @@ __all__ = [

 import logging

-from github.MainClass import Github, GithubIntegration
+from github.AppAuthentication import AppAuthentication
+from github.GithubIntegration import GithubIntegration
+from github.MainClass import Github

 from .GithubException import (
    BadAttributeException,
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
+from github.AppAuthentication import AppAuthentication as AppAuthentication
+from github.GithubIntegration import GithubIntegration as GithubIntegration
 from github.MainClass import Github as Github
-from github.MainClass import GithubIntegration as GithubIntegration

 from .GithubException import BadAttributeException as BadAttributeException
 from .GithubException import BadCredentialsException as BadCredentialsException
 from .GithubException import BadUserAgentException as BadUserAgentException
 from .GithubException import GithubException as GithubException
-from .GithubException import IncompletableObject as IncompleteableObject
+from .GithubException import IncompletableObject as IncompletableObject
 from .GithubException import RateLimitExceededException as RateLimitExceededException
 from .GithubException import TwoFactorException as TwoFactorException
 from .GithubException import UnknownObjectException as UnknownObjectException
@@ -52,6 +52,16 @@ class Authentication(Framework.BasicTestCase):
        g = github.Github(user_agent="PyGithubTester")
        self.assertEqual(g.get_user("jacquev6").name, "Vincent Jacques")

+    def testAppAuthentication(self):
+        g = github.Github(
+            app_auth=github.AppAuthentication(
+                app_id=self.app_id,
+                private_key=self.app_private_key,
+                installation_id=29782936,
+            ),
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(g.get_user("ammarmallik").name, "Ammar Akbar")
+
    def testAuthorizationHeaderWithLogin(self):
        # See special case in Framework.fixAuthorizationHeader
        g = github.Github("fake_login", "fake_password")
@@ -46,6 +46,24 @@ from urllib3.util import Url  # type: ignore

 import github

+APP_PRIVATE_KEY = """
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+"""
+

 def readLine(file_):
    line = file_.readline()
@@ -268,6 +286,8 @@ class BasicTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
            self.password = GithubCredentials.password
            self.oauth_token = GithubCredentials.oauth_token
            self.jwt = GithubCredentials.jwt
+            self.app_id = GithubCredentials.app_id
+            self.app_private_key = GithubCredentials.app_private_key
        else:
            github.Requester.Requester.injectConnectionClasses(
                lambda ignored, *args, **kwds: ReplayingHttpConnection(
@@ -281,6 +301,8 @@ class BasicTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
            self.password = "password"
            self.oauth_token = "oauth_token"
            self.jwt = "jwt"
+            self.app_id = 123456
+            self.app_private_key = APP_PRIVATE_KEY

            httpretty.enable(allow_net_connect=False)

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-import datetime
-import json
 import sys
 import time  # NOQA
-import unittest

 import jwt
 import requests  # NOQA

-from github.GithubObject import GithubObject
+import github

-private_key = """
+from . import Framework
+
+APP_ID = 243473
+PRIVATE_KEY = """
 -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
 MIICXAIBAAKBgQC+5ePolLv6VcWLp2f17g6r6vHl+eoLuodOOfUl8JK+MVmvXbPa
 xDy0SS0pQhwTOMtB0VdSt++elklDCadeokhEoGDQp411o+kiOhzLxfakp/kewf4U
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ m1Iq8LMJGYl/LkDJA10CQBV1C+Xu3ukknr7C4A/4lDCa6Xb27cr1HanY7i89A+Ab
 eatdM6f/XVqWp8uPT9RggUV9TjppJobYGT2WrWJMkYw=
 -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
 """
-
-public_key = """
+PUBLIC_KEY = """
 -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
 MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQC+5ePolLv6VcWLp2f17g6r6vHl
 +eoLuodOOfUl8JK+MVmvXbPaxDy0SS0pQhwTOMtB0VdSt++elklDCadeokhEoGDQ
@@ -37,154 +36,189 @@ e2JtSXoAtYr6qE9maQIDAQAB
 """


-class GithubIntegration(unittest.TestCase):
+class GithubIntegration(Framework.BasicTestCase):
    def setUp(self):
-        # This flag ask requester to do some checking,
-        # for debug and test purpose. But
-        # `InstallationAuthorization.InstallationAuthorization` is a
-        # `NonCompletableGithubObject`, it does not have requester.
-        # So the check is not needed.
-        # see `GithubIntegration.get_access_token`
-        self.origin_check_after_init_flag = GithubObject.CHECK_AFTER_INIT_FLAG
-        GithubObject.setCheckAfterInitFlag(False)
-
-        self.origin_time = sys.modules["time"].time
-        sys.modules["time"].time = lambda: 1550055331.7435968
-
-        class Mock:
-            def __init__(self):
-                self.args = tuple()
-                self.kwargs = dict()
-
-            @property
-            def status_code(self):
-                return 201
-
-            def json(self):
-                return json.loads(self.text)
-
-            @property
-            def text(self):
-                return (
-                    '{"token": "v1.ce63424bc55028318325caac4f4c3a5378ca0038",'
-                    '"expires_at": "2019-02-13T11:10:38Z"}'
-                )
-
-            def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-                self.args = args
-                self.kwargs = kwargs
-                return self
-
-        self.origin_request_post = sys.modules["requests"].post
-        self.mock = Mock()
-        sys.modules["requests"].post = self.mock
-
-        class GetMock:
-            def __init__(self):
-                self.args = tuple()
-                self.kwargs = dict()
-                self.calls = []
-
-            @property
-            def status_code(self):
-                return 201
-
-            def json(self):
-                return json.loads(self.text)
-
-            @property
-            def text(self):
-                return (
-                    '{"id":111111,"account":{"login":"foo","id":11111111,'
-                    '"node_id":"foobar",'
-                    '"avatar_url":"https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/11111111?v=4",'
-                    '"gravatar_id":"","url":"https://api.github.com/users/foo",'
-                    '"html_url":"https://github.com/foo",'
-                    '"followers_url":"https://api.github.com/users/foo/followers",'
-                    '"following_url":"https://api.github.com/users/foo/following{/other_user}",'
-                    '"gists_url":"https://api.github.com/users/foo/gists{/gist_id}",'
-                    '"starred_url":"https://api.github.com/users/foo/starred{/owner}{/repo}",'
-                    '"subscriptions_url":"https://api.github.com/users/foo/subscriptions",'
-                    '"organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/users/foo/orgs",'
-                    '"repos_url":"https://api.github.com/users/foo/repos",'
-                    '"events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/foo/events{/privacy}",'
-                    '"received_events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/foo/received_events",'
-                    '"type":"Organization","site_admin":false},"repository_selection":"all",'
-                    '"access_tokens_url":"https://api.github.com/app/installations/111111/access_tokens",'
-                    '"repositories_url":"https://api.github.com/installation/repositories",'
-                    '"html_url":"https://github.com/organizations/foo/settings/installations/111111",'
-                    '"app_id":11111,"target_id":11111111,"target_type":"Organization",'
-                    '"permissions":{"issues":"write","pull_requests":"write","statuses":"write","contents":"read",'
-                    '"metadata":"read"},"events":["pull_request","release"],"created_at":"2019-04-17T16:10:37.000Z",'
-                    '"updated_at":"2019-05-03T06:27:48.000Z","single_file_name":null}'
-                )
-
-            def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-                self.calls.append((args, kwargs))
-                self.args = args
-                self.kwargs = kwargs
-                return self
-
-        self.origin_request_get = sys.modules["requests"].get
-        self.get_mock = GetMock()
-        sys.modules["requests"].get = self.get_mock
+        super().setUp()
+        self.org_installation_id = 30614487
+        self.repo_installation_id = 30614431
+        self.user_installation_id = 30614431

    def testCreateJWT(self):
-        from github import GithubIntegration
-
-        integration = GithubIntegration(25216, private_key)
-        token = integration.create_jwt()
+        self.origin_time = sys.modules["time"].time
+        sys.modules["time"].time = lambda: 1550055331.7435968
+        github_integration = github.GithubIntegration(
+            integration_id=APP_ID, private_key=PRIVATE_KEY
+        )
+        token = github_integration.create_jwt()
        payload = jwt.decode(
            token,
-            key=public_key,
+            key=PUBLIC_KEY,
            algorithms=["RS256"],
            options={"verify_exp": False},
        )
        self.assertDictEqual(
-            payload, {"iat": 1550055331, "exp": 1550055391, "iss": 25216}
+            payload, {"iat": 1550055271, "exp": 1550055631, "iss": APP_ID}
        )
+        sys.modules["time"].time = self.origin_time
+
+    def testGetInstallations(self):
+        github_integration = github.GithubIntegration(
+            integration_id=APP_ID, private_key=PRIVATE_KEY
+        )
+        installations = github_integration.get_installations()
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(list(installations)), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(installations[0].id, self.org_installation_id)
+        self.assertEqual(installations[1].id, self.repo_installation_id)

    def testGetAccessToken(self):
-        from github import GithubIntegration
-
-        integration = GithubIntegration(25216, private_key)
-        auth_obj = integration.get_access_token(664281)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            self.mock.args[0],
-            "https://api.github.com/app/installations/664281/access_tokens",
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(auth_obj.token, "v1.ce63424bc55028318325caac4f4c3a5378ca0038")
-        self.assertEqual(
-            auth_obj.expires_at, datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 13, 11, 10, 38)
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            repr(auth_obj), "InstallationAuthorization(expires_at=2019-02-13 11:10:38)"
+        github_integration = github.GithubIntegration(
+            integration_id=APP_ID, private_key=PRIVATE_KEY
        )

-    def test_get_installation(self):
-        from github import GithubIntegration
-
-        integr = GithubIntegration("11111", private_key)
-        inst = integr.get_installation("foo", "bar")
-        self.assertEqual(
-            self.get_mock.calls[0][0],
-            ("https://api.github.com/repos/foo/bar/installation",),
+        # Get repo installation access token
+        repo_installation_authorization = github_integration.get_access_token(
+            self.repo_installation_id
        )
-        self.assertEqual(inst.id, 111111)
-
-    def test_get_installation_custom_base_url(self):
-        from github import GithubIntegration
-
-        integr = GithubIntegration("11111", private_key, base_url="https://corp.com/v3")
-        inst = integr.get_installation("foo", "bar")
        self.assertEqual(
-            self.get_mock.calls[0][0],
-            ("https://corp.com/v3/repos/foo/bar/installation",),
+            repo_installation_authorization.token,
+            "ghs_1llwuELtXN5HDOB99XhpcTXdJxbOuF0ZlSmj",
+        )
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            repo_installation_authorization.permissions,
+            {"issues": "read", "metadata": "read"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            repo_installation_authorization.repository_selection, "selected"
        )
-        self.assertEqual(inst.id, 111111)

-    def tearDown(self):
-        GithubObject.setCheckAfterInitFlag(self.origin_check_after_init_flag)
-        sys.modules["time"].time = self.origin_time
-        sys.modules["requests"].post = self.origin_request_post
-        sys.modules["requests"].get = self.origin_request_get
+        # Get org installation access token
+        org_installation_authorization = github_integration.get_access_token(
+            self.org_installation_id
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            org_installation_authorization.token,
+            "ghs_V0xygF8yACXSDz5FM65QWV1BT2vtxw0cbgPw",
+        )
+        org_permissions = {
+            "administration": "write",
+            "issues": "write",
+            "metadata": "read",
+            "organization_administration": "read",
+        }
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            org_installation_authorization.permissions, org_permissions
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            org_installation_authorization.repository_selection, "selected"
+        )
+
+        # Get user installation access token
+        user_installation_authorization = github_integration.get_access_token(
+            self.user_installation_id
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            user_installation_authorization.token,
+            "ghs_1llwuELtXN5HDOB99XhpcTXdJxbOuF0ZlSmj",
+        )
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            user_installation_authorization.permissions,
+            {"issues": "read", "metadata": "read"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            user_installation_authorization.repository_selection, "selected"
+        )
+
+    def testGetUserInstallation(self):
+        github_integration = github.GithubIntegration(
+            integration_id=APP_ID, private_key=PRIVATE_KEY
+        )
+        installation = github_integration.get_user_installation(username="ammarmallik")
+
+        self.assertEqual(installation.id, self.user_installation_id)
+
+    def testGetOrgInstallation(self):
+        github_integration = github.GithubIntegration(
+            integration_id=APP_ID, private_key=PRIVATE_KEY
+        )
+        installation = github_integration.get_org_installation(org="GithubApp-Test-Org")
+
+        self.assertEqual(installation.id, self.org_installation_id)
+
+    def testGetRepoInstallation(self):
+        github_integration = github.GithubIntegration(
+            integration_id=APP_ID, private_key=PRIVATE_KEY
+        )
+        installation = github_integration.get_repo_installation(
+            owner="ammarmallik", repo="test-runner"
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(installation.id, self.repo_installation_id)
+
+    def testGetAppInstallation(self):
+        github_integration = github.GithubIntegration(
+            integration_id=APP_ID, private_key=PRIVATE_KEY
+        )
+        installation = github_integration.get_app_installation(
+            installation_id=self.org_installation_id
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(installation.id, self.org_installation_id)
+
+    def testGetInstallationNotFound(self):
+        github_integration = github.GithubIntegration(
+            integration_id=APP_ID, private_key=PRIVATE_KEY
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(github.UnknownObjectException) as raisedexp:
+            github_integration.get_org_installation(org="GithubApp-Test-Org-404")
+
+        self.assertEqual(raisedexp.exception.status, 404)
+
+    def testGetInstallationWithExpiredJWT(self):
+        github_integration = github.GithubIntegration(
+            integration_id=APP_ID, private_key=PRIVATE_KEY
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(github.GithubException) as raisedexp:
+            github_integration.get_org_installation(org="GithubApp-Test-Org")
+
+        self.assertEqual(raisedexp.exception.status, 401)
+
+    def testGetAccessTokenWithExpiredJWT(self):
+        github_integration = github.GithubIntegration(
+            integration_id=APP_ID, private_key=PRIVATE_KEY
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(github.GithubException) as raisedexp:
+            github_integration.get_access_token(self.repo_installation_id)
+
+        self.assertEqual(raisedexp.exception.status, 401)
+
+    def testGetAccessTokenForNoInstallation(self):
+        github_integration = github.GithubIntegration(
+            integration_id=APP_ID, private_key=PRIVATE_KEY
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(github.UnknownObjectException) as raisedexp:
+            github_integration.get_access_token(40432121)
+
+        self.assertEqual(raisedexp.exception.status, 404)
+
+    def testGetAccessTokenWithInvalidPermissions(self):
+        github_integration = github.GithubIntegration(
+            integration_id=APP_ID, private_key=PRIVATE_KEY
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(github.GithubException) as raisedexp:
+            github_integration.get_access_token(
+                self.repo_installation_id, permissions={"test-permissions": "read"}
+            )
+
+        self.assertEqual(raisedexp.exception.status, 422)
+
+    def testGetAccessTokenWithInvalidData(self):
+        github_integration = github.GithubIntegration(
+            integration_id=APP_ID, private_key=PRIVATE_KEY
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(github.GithubException) as raisedexp:
+            github_integration.get_access_token(
+                self.repo_installation_id, permissions="invalid_data"
+            )
+
+        self.assertEqual(raisedexp.exception.status, 400)
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+https
+POST
+api.github.com
+None
+/app/installations/29782936/access_tokens
+{'Authorization': 'Bearer jwt_removed', 'User-Agent': 'PyGithub/Python', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
+{"permissions": {}}
+201
+[('status', '201 CREATED'), ('server', 'Github.com'), ('date', 'Mon, 24 Oct 2022 23:11:45 GMT'), ('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'), ('connection', 'keep-alive'), ('content-length', '1962'), ('etag', 'W/"b11a1c9caabe35f1de0a13e597a3022d27d2bff0694c2ccb5a65edc3b4d18837"'), ('cache-control', 'public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60'), ('vary', 'Accept'), ('x-github-media-type', 'github.v3; format=json'), ('access-control-expose-headers', 'ETag, Link, Location, Retry-After, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Used, X-RateLimit-Resource, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval, X-GitHub-Media-Type, X-GitHub-SSO, X-GitHub-Request-Id, Deprecation, Sunset'), ('access-control-allow-origin', '*'), ('strict-transport-security', 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload'), ('x-frame-options', 'deny'), ('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff'), ('x-xss-protection', '0'), ('referrer-policy', 'origin-when-cross-origin, strict-origin-when-cross-origin'), ('x-github-request-id', "E475:53DD:8B7A89E:11E38A79:63571BB0"), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding, Accept, X-Requested-With'), ('content-security-policy', "default-src 'none'")]
+{"token":"ghs_1llwuELtXN5HDOB99XhpcTXdJxbOuF0ZlSmj", "expires_at":"2024-11-25T01:00:02Z", "permissions":{"issues":"read","metadata":"read"}, "repository_selection":"selected"}
+
+https
+GET
+api.github.com
+None
+/users/ammarmallik
+{'Authorization': 'token private_token_removed', 'User-Agent': 'PyGithub/Python'}
+None
+200
+[('status', '200 OK'), ('x-ratelimit-remaining', '57'), ('content-length', '1338'), ('server', 'GitHub.com'), ('connection', 'keep-alive'), ('x-ratelimit-limit', '60'), ('etag', 'W/"e5e65462690241eb7d9bc213cc00b3df2c75984d29a36b2ee8e151deaf4f3981"'), ('date', 'Tue, 25 Oct 2022 02:01:06 GMT'), ('x-ratelimit-reset', '1666666583'), ('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'), ('x-ratelimit-resource', 'core'), ('x-ratelimit-used', '3'), ('accept-ranges', 'bytes'), ('x-github-request-id', 'D8C1:7CE1:C3DF20:D546B4:63574361'), ('content-security-policy', "default-src 'none'"), ('referrer-policy', 'origin-when-cross-origin, strict-origin-when-cross-origin'), ('x-xss-protection', '0'), ('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff'), ('x-frame-options', 'deny'), ('strict-transport-security', 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload'), ('access-control-allow-origin', '*'), ('access-control-expose-headers', 'ETag, Link, Location, Retry-After, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Used, X-RateLimit-Resource, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval, X-GitHub-Media-Type, X-GitHub-SSO, X-GitHub-Request-Id, Deprecation, Sunset'), ('x-github-media-type', 'github.v3; format=jsom'), ('last-modified', 'Mon, 24 Oct 2022 20:26:22 GMT'), ('cache-control', 'public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60'), ('vary', 'Accept, Accept-Encoding, Accept, X-Requested-With')]
+{"login":"ammarmallik","id":29196434,"node_id":"MDQ6VXNlcjI5MTk2NDM0","avatar_url":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/29196434?v=4","gravatar_id":"","url":"https://api.github.com/users/ammarmallik","html_url":"https://github.com/ammarmallik","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/users/ammarmallik/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/users/ammarmallik/following{/other_user}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/users/ammarmallik/gists{/gist_id}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/users/ammarmallik/starred{/owner}{/repo}","subscriptions_url":"https://api.github.com/users/ammarmallik/subscriptions","organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/users/ammarmallik/orgs","repos_url":"https://api.github.com/users/ammarmallik/repos","events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/ammarmallik/events{/privacy}","received_events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/ammarmallik/received_events","type":"User","site_admin":false,"name":"Ammar Akbar","company":null,"blog":"","location":"Lahore","email":null,"hireable":true,"bio":null,"twitter_username":null,"public_repos":14,"public_gists":2,"followers":0,"following":3,"created_at":"2017-06-05T09:42:01Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T20:26:22Z"}
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+https
+POST
+api.github.com
+None
+/app/installations/30614431/access_tokens
+{'Authorization': 'Bearer jwt_removed', 'User-Agent': 'PyGithub/Python', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
+{"permissions": {}}
+201
+[('status', '201 CREATED'), ('server', 'Github.com'), ('date', 'Mon, 24 Oct 2022 23:11:45 GMT'), ('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'), ('connection', 'keep-alive'), ('content-length', '1962'), ('etag', 'W/"b11a1c9caabe35f1de0a13e597a3022d27d2bff0694c2ccb5a65edc3b4d18837"'), ('cache-control', 'public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60'), ('vary', 'Accept'), ('x-github-media-type', 'github.v3; format=json'), ('access-control-expose-headers', 'ETag, Link, Location, Retry-After, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Used, X-RateLimit-Resource, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval, X-GitHub-Media-Type, X-GitHub-SSO, X-GitHub-Request-Id, Deprecation, Sunset'), ('access-control-allow-origin', '*'), ('strict-transport-security', 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload'), ('x-frame-options', 'deny'), ('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff'), ('x-xss-protection', '0'), ('referrer-policy', 'origin-when-cross-origin, strict-origin-when-cross-origin'), ('x-github-request-id', "E475:53DD:8B7A89E:11E38A79:63571BB0"), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding, Accept, X-Requested-With'), ('content-security-policy', "default-src 'none'")]
+{"token":"ghs_1llwuELtXN5HDOB99XhpcTXdJxbOuF0ZlSmj", "expires_at":"2024-11-25T01:00:02Z", "permissions":{"issues":"read","metadata":"read"}, "repository_selection":"selected"}
+
+https
+POST
+api.github.com
+None
+/app/installations/30614487/access_tokens
+{'Authorization': 'Bearer jwt_removed', 'User-Agent': 'PyGithub/Python', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
+{"permissions": {}}
+201
+[('status', '201 CREATED'), ('server', 'Github.com'), ('date', 'Mon, 24 Oct 2022 23:11:45 GMT'), ('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'), ('connection', 'keep-alive'), ('content-length', '1962'), ('etag', 'W/"b11a1c9caabe35f1de0a13e597a3022d27d2bff0694c2ccb5a65edc3b4d18837"'), ('cache-control', 'public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60'), ('vary', 'Accept'), ('x-github-media-type', 'github.v3; format=json'), ('access-control-expose-headers', 'ETag, Link, Location, Retry-After, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Used, X-RateLimit-Resource, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval, X-GitHub-Media-Type, X-GitHub-SSO, X-GitHub-Request-Id, Deprecation, Sunset'), ('access-control-allow-origin', '*'), ('strict-transport-security', 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload'), ('x-frame-options', 'deny'), ('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff'), ('x-xss-protection', '0'), ('referrer-policy', 'origin-when-cross-origin, strict-origin-when-cross-origin'), ('x-github-request-id', "E475:53DD:8B7A89E:11E38A79:63571BB0"), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding, Accept, X-Requested-With'), ('content-security-policy', "default-src 'none'")]
+{"token":"ghs_V0xygF8yACXSDz5FM65QWV1BT2vtxw0cbgPw", "expires_at":"2024-11-25T01:00:02Z", "permissions":{"organization_administration":"read","administration":"write","issues":"write","metadata":"read"}, "repository_selection":"selected"}
+
+https
+POST
+api.github.com
+None
+/app/installations/30614431/access_tokens
+{'Authorization': 'Bearer jwt_removed', 'User-Agent': 'PyGithub/Python', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
+{"permissions": {}}
+201
+[('status', '201 CREATED'), ('server', 'Github.com'), ('date', 'Mon, 24 Oct 2022 23:11:45 GMT'), ('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'), ('connection', 'keep-alive'), ('content-length', '1962'), ('etag', 'W/"b11a1c9caabe35f1de0a13e597a3022d27d2bff0694c2ccb5a65edc3b4d18837"'), ('cache-control', 'public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60'), ('vary', 'Accept'), ('x-github-media-type', 'github.v3; format=json'), ('access-control-expose-headers', 'ETag, Link, Location, Retry-After, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Used, X-RateLimit-Resource, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval, X-GitHub-Media-Type, X-GitHub-SSO, X-GitHub-Request-Id, Deprecation, Sunset'), ('access-control-allow-origin', '*'), ('strict-transport-security', 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload'), ('x-frame-options', 'deny'), ('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff'), ('x-xss-protection', '0'), ('referrer-policy', 'origin-when-cross-origin, strict-origin-when-cross-origin'), ('x-github-request-id', "E475:53DD:8B7A89E:11E38A79:63571BB0"), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding, Accept, X-Requested-With'), ('content-security-policy', "default-src 'none'")]
+{"token":"ghs_1llwuELtXN5HDOB99XhpcTXdJxbOuF0ZlSmj", "expires_at":"2024-11-25T01:00:02Z", "permissions":{"issues":"read","metadata":"read"}, "repository_selection":"selected"}
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+https
+POST
+api.github.com
+None
+/app/installations/40432121/access_tokens
+{'Authorization': 'Bearer jwt_removed', 'User-Agent': 'PyGithub/Python', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
+{"permissions": {}}
+404
+[('status', '404 NOT FOUND'), ('server', 'Github.com'), ('date', 'Mon, 24 Oct 2022 23:11:45 GMT'), ('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'), ('connection', 'keep-alive'), ('content-length', '1962'), ('etag', '"b11a1c9caabe35f1de0a13e597a3022d27d2bff0694c2ccb5a65edc3b4d18837"'), ('cache-control', 'public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60'), ('vary', 'Accept'), ('x-github-media-type', 'github.v3; format=json'), ('access-control-expose-headers', 'ETag, Link, Location, Retry-After, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Used, X-RateLimit-Resource, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval, X-GitHub-Media-Type, X-GitHub-SSO, X-GitHub-Request-Id, Deprecation, Sunset'), ('access-control-allow-origin', '*'), ('strict-transport-security', 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload'), ('x-frame-options', 'deny'), ('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff'), ('x-xss-protection', '0'), ('referrer-policy', 'origin-when-cross-origin, strict-origin-when-cross-origin'), ('x-github-request-id', "E475:53DD:8B7A89E:11E38A79:63571BB0"), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding, Accept, X-Requested-With'), ('content-security-policy', "default-src 'none'")]
+{"message":"Not Found","documentation_url":"https://docs.github.com/rest/reference/apps#get-a-repository-installation-for-the-authenticated-app"}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+https
+POST
+api.github.com
+None
+/app/installations/30614431/access_tokens
+{'Authorization': 'Bearer jwt_removed', 'User-Agent': 'PyGithub/Python', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
+{"permissions": {}}
+401
+[('status', '401 UNAUTHORIZED'), ('server', 'Github.com'), ('date', 'Mon, 24 Oct 2022 23:11:45 GMT'), ('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'), ('connection', 'keep-alive'), ('content-length', '1962'), ('etag', 'W/"b11a1c9caabe35f1de0a13e597a3022d27d2bff0694c2ccb5a65edc3b4d18837"'), ('cache-control', 'public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60'), ('vary', 'Accept'), ('x-github-media-type', 'github.v3; format=json'), ('access-control-expose-headers', 'ETag, Link, Location, Retry-After, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Used, X-RateLimit-Resource, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval, X-GitHub-Media-Type, X-GitHub-SSO, X-GitHub-Request-Id, Deprecation, Sunset'), ('access-control-allow-origin', '*'), ('strict-transport-security', 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload'), ('x-frame-options', 'deny'), ('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff'), ('x-xss-protection', '0'), ('referrer-policy', 'origin-when-cross-origin, strict-origin-when-cross-origin'), ('x-github-request-id', "E475:53DD:8B7A89E:11E38A79:63571BB0"), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding, Accept, X-Requested-With'), ('content-security-policy', "default-src 'none'")]
+{"message":"'Expiration time' claim ('exp') must be a numeric value representing the future time at which the assertion expires","documentation_url":"https://docs.github.com/rest"}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+https
+POST
+api.github.com
+None
+/app/installations/30614431/access_tokens
+{'Authorization': 'Bearer jwt_removed', 'User-Agent': 'PyGithub/Python', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
+{"permissions": "invalid_data"}
+400
+[('status', '400 BAD REQUEST'), ('server', 'Github.com'), ('date', 'Mon, 24 Oct 2022 23:11:45 GMT'), ('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'), ('connection', 'keep-alive'), ('content-length', '1962'), ('etag', 'W/"b11a1c9caabe35f1de0a13e597a3022d27d2bff0694c2ccb5a65edc3b4d18837"'), ('cache-control', 'public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60'), ('vary', 'Accept'), ('x-github-media-type', 'github.v3; format=json'), ('access-control-expose-headers', 'ETag, Link, Location, Retry-After, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Used, X-RateLimit-Resource, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval, X-GitHub-Media-Type, X-GitHub-SSO, X-GitHub-Request-Id, Deprecation, Sunset'), ('access-control-allow-origin', '*'), ('strict-transport-security', 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload'), ('x-frame-options', 'deny'), ('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff'), ('x-xss-protection', '0'), ('referrer-policy', 'origin-when-cross-origin, strict-origin-when-cross-origin'), ('x-github-request-id', "E475:53DD:8B7A89E:11E38A79:63571BB0"), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding, Accept, X-Requested-With'), ('content-security-policy', "default-src 'none'")]
+{"message":"Problems parsing JSON","documentation_url":"https://docs.github.com/rest/reference/apps#create-an-installation-access-token-for-an-app"}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+https
+POST
+api.github.com
+None
+/app/installations/30614431/access_tokens
+{'Authorization': 'Bearer jwt_removed', 'User-Agent': 'PyGithub/Python', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
+{"permissions": {"test-permissions": "read"}}
+422
+[('status', '422 UNPROCESSABLE ENTITY'), ('server', 'Github.com'), ('date', 'Mon, 24 Oct 2022 23:11:45 GMT'), ('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'), ('connection', 'keep-alive'), ('content-length', '1962'), ('etag', 'W/"b11a1c9caabe35f1de0a13e597a3022d27d2bff0694c2ccb5a65edc3b4d18837"'), ('cache-control', 'public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60'), ('vary', 'Accept'), ('x-github-media-type', 'github.v3; format=json'), ('access-control-expose-headers', 'ETag, Link, Location, Retry-After, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Used, X-RateLimit-Resource, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval, X-GitHub-Media-Type, X-GitHub-SSO, X-GitHub-Request-Id, Deprecation, Sunset'), ('access-control-allow-origin', '*'), ('strict-transport-security', 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload'), ('x-frame-options', 'deny'), ('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff'), ('x-xss-protection', '0'), ('referrer-policy', 'origin-when-cross-origin, strict-origin-when-cross-origin'), ('x-github-request-id', "E475:53DD:8B7A89E:11E38A79:63571BB0"), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding, Accept, X-Requested-With'), ('content-security-policy', "default-src 'none'")]
+{"message":"The permissions requested are not granted to this installation.","documentation_url":"https://docs.github.com/rest/reference/apps#create-an-installation-access-token-for-an-app"}
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+https
+GET
+api.github.com
+None
+/app/installations/30614487
+{'Authorization': 'Bearer jwt_removed', 'User-Agent': 'PyGithub/Python', 'Accept': 'application/vnd.github.machine-man-preview+json'}
+None
+200
+[('status', '200 OK'), ('server', 'Github.com'), ('date', 'Mon, 24 Oct 2022 23:11:45 GMT'), ('content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'), ('connection', 'keep-alive'), ('content-length', '1962'), ('etag', '"b11a1c9caabe35f1de0a13e597a3022d27d2bff0694c2ccb5a65edc3b4d18837"'), ('cache-control', 'public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60'), ('vary', 'Accept'), ('x-github-media-type', 'github.v3; format=json'), ('access-control-expose-headers', 'ETag, Link, Location, Retry-After, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Used, X-RateLimit-Resource, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval, X-GitHub-Media-Type, X-GitHub-SSO, X-GitHub-Request-Id, Deprecation, Sunset'), ('access-control-allow-origin', '*'), ('strict-transport-security', 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload'), ('x-frame-options', 'deny'), ('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff'), ('x-xss-protection', '0'), ('referrer-policy', 'origin-when-cross-origin, strict-origin-when-cross-origin'), ('x-github-request-id', "E475:53DD:8B7A89E:11E38A79:63571BB0"), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding, Accept, X-Requested-With'), ('content-security-policy', "default-src 'none'")]
+{"id":30614487,"account":{"login":"GithubApp-Test-Org","id":116723333,"node_id":"O_kgDOBvUOhQ","avatar_url":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/116723333?v=4","gravatar_id":"","url":"https://api.github.com/users/GithubApp-Test-Org","html_url":"https://github.com/GithubApp-Test-Org","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/users/GithubApp-Test-Org/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/users/GithubApp-Test-Org/following{/other_user}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/users/GithubApp-Test-Org/gists{/gist_id}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/users/GithubApp-Test-Org/starred{/owner}{/repo}","subscriptions_url":"https://api.github.com/users/GithubApp-Test-Org/subscriptions","organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/users/GithubApp-Test-Org/orgs","repos_url":"https://api.github.com/users/GithubApp-Test-Org/repos","events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/GithubApp-Test-Org/events{/privacy}","received_events_url":"https://api.github.com/users/GithubApp-Test-Org/received_events","type":"Organization","site_admin":false},"repository_selection":"selected","access_tokens_url":"https://api.github.com/app/installations/30614487/access_tokens","repositories_url":"https://api.github.com/installation/repositories","html_url":"https://github.com/organizations/GithubApp-Test-Org/settings/installations/30614487","app_id":243473,"app_slug":"gh-actions-test-ammar","target_id":116723333,"target_type":"Organization","permissions":{"issues":"write","metadata":"read","administration":"write","organization_administration":"read"},"events":[],"created_at":"2022-10-26T11:15:21.000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-26T11:36:34.000Z","single_file_name":null,"has_multiple_single_files":false,"single_file_paths":[],"suspended_by":null,"suspended_at":null}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+https
+GET
+api.github.com
+None
+/orgs/GithubApp-Test-Org-404/installation
+{'Authorization': 'Bearer jwt_removed', 'User-Agent': 'PyGithub/Python', 'Accept': 'application/vnd.github.machine-man-preview+json'}
+None
+404
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