EIPs/EIPS/eip-1985.md

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---
eip: 1985
title: Sane limits for certain EVM parameters
author: Alex Beregszaszi (@axic), Paweł Bylica (@chfast)
discussions-to: https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/eip-1985-sane-limits-for-certain-evm-parameters/3224
status: Draft
type: Standards Track
category: Core
created: 2018-08-01
---
## Abstract
Introduce an explicit value range for certain EVM parameters
(such as gas limit, block number, block timestamp, size field when returning/copying data within EVM).
Some of these already have an implicit value range due to various (practical) reasons.
## Motivation
Having such an explicit value range can help in creating compatible client implementations,
in certain cases it can also offer minor speed improvements,
and can reduce the effort needed to create consensus critical test cases
by eliminating unrealistic edge cases.
## Specification
If `block.number >= {FORK_BLOCK}`, the following value ranges are introduced.
They restrict the results (i.e. values pushed to the stack) of the opcodes listed below.
1. *gas*, *gas limit*, *block gas limit*
is a range between `0` and `9223372036854775807` (`2**63 - 1`).
It affects following the opcodes:
- `GASLIMIT` (`0x45`),
- `GAS` (`0x5a`).
2. *block number*, *timestamp*
is a range between `0` and `9223372036854775807` (`2**63 - 1`).
It affects the following opcodes:
- `TIMESTAMP` (`0x42`),
- `NUMBER` (`0x43`).
3. *account address*
is a range between `0` and `1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542975` (`2**160 - 1`).
It affects the following opcodes:
- `ADDRESS` (`0x30`),
- `ORIGIN` (`0x32`),
- `CALLER` (`0x33`),
- `COINBASE` (`0x41`),
- `CREATE` (`0xf0`),
- `CREATE2` (`0xf5`).
4. *buffer size*
is a range between `0` and `4294967295` (`2**32 - 1`).
It affects the following opcodes:
- `CALLDATASIZE` (`0x36`),
- `CODESIZE` (`0x38`),
- `EXTCODESIZE` (`0x3b`),
- `RETURNDATASIZE` (`0x3d`),
- `MSIZE` (`0x59`).
## Rationale
These limits have been:
- proposed by [EVMC]
- implemented partially by certain clients, such as [Aleth], [geth], [Parity] and [ethereumjs]
- allowed by certain test cases in the [Ethereum testing suite]
- and implicitly also allowed by certain assumptions, such as due to gas limits some of these values cannot grow past a certain limit
Most of the limits proposed in this document have been previously explored and tested in [EVMC].
Using the `2**63 - 1` constant to limit some of the ranges:
- allows using signed 64-bit integer type to represent it,
what helps programming languages not having unsigned types,
- makes arithmetic simpler (e.g. checking out-of-gas conditions is simple as `gas_counter < 0`).
### Timestamp
The [Yellow Paper] defines the timestamp in block as "A scalar value equal to the reasonable output of Unixs time() at this blocks inception".
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (POSIX.1) leaves that definition implementation defined.
### Addresses
The size of addresses is specified in the [Yellow Paper] as 20 bytes.
E.g. the `COINBASE` instruction is specified to return *H*<sub>c</sub>𝔹<sub>20</sub> which has 20 bytes.
### Comparing current implementations
- Timestamp is implemented as a 64-bit value in [Aleth], [geth] and [Parity]
- Block gas limit is implemented as a 64-bit in [Aleth] and [geth]
## Backwards Compatibility
All of these limits are already enforced mostly through the block gas limit. Since the out of range case results in a transaction failure, there should not be a change in behaviour.
## Test Cases
TBA
## Implementation
TBA
## References
[EIP-106](https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/106) proposed the block gas limit to be limited at `2**63 - 1`.
## TODO
1. Does the gas limit apply to the gas argument for call instructions?
## Copyright
Copyright and related rights waived via [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).
[EVMC]: https://github.com/ethereum/evmc
[Aleth]: https://github.com/ethereum/aleth
[geth]: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
[Parity]: https://github.com/paritytech/parity-ethereum
[ethereumjs]: https://github.com/ethereumjs
[Ethereum testing suite]: https://github.com/ethereum/tests
[Yellow Paper]: https://github.com/ethereum/yellowpaper