nwaku/apps/chat2/chat2.nim

## chat2 is an example of usage of Waku v2. For suggested usage options, please
## see dingpu tutorial in docs folder.

when not(compileOption("threads")):
  {.fatal: "Please, compile this program with the --threads:on option!".}

{.push raises: [Defect].}

import std/[tables, strformat, strutils, times, json, options, random]
import confutils, chronicles, chronos, stew/shims/net as stewNet,
       eth/keys, bearssl, stew/[byteutils, endians2, results],
       nimcrypto/pbkdf2
import libp2p/[switch,                   # manage transports, a single entry point for dialing and listening
               crypto/crypto,            # cryptographic functions
               stream/connection,        # create and close stream read / write connections
               multiaddress,             # encode different addressing schemes. For example, /ip4/7.7.7.7/tcp/6543 means it is using IPv4 protocol and TCP
               peerinfo,                 # manage the information of a peer, such as peer ID and public / private key
               peerid,                   # Implement how peers interact
               protobuf/minprotobuf,     # message serialisation/deserialisation from and to protobufs
               protocols/protocol,       # define the protocol base type
               protocols/secure/secio,   # define the protocol of secure input / output, allows encrypted communication that uses public keys to validate signed messages instead of a certificate authority like in TLS
               nameresolving/dnsresolver,# define DNS resolution
               muxers/muxer]             # define an interface for stream multiplexing, allowing peers to offer many protocols over a single connection
import   
  ../../waku/v2/protocol/waku_message,
  ../../waku/v2/protocol/waku_lightpush,
  ../../waku/v2/protocol/waku_filter, 
  ../../waku/v2/protocol/waku_store,
  ../../waku/v2/node/[waku_node, waku_payload],
  ../../waku/v2/node/dnsdisc/waku_dnsdisc,
  ../../waku/v2/node/peer_manager/peer_manager,
  ../../waku/v2/utils/[peers, time],
  ../../waku/common/utils/nat,
  ./config_chat2

when defined(rln) or defined(rlnzerokit):
  import
    libp2p/protocols/pubsub/rpc/messages,
    libp2p/protocols/pubsub/pubsub,
    ../../waku/v2/protocol/waku_rln_relay/waku_rln_relay_utils

const Help = """
  Commands: /[?|help|connect|nick|exit]
  help: Prints this help
  connect: dials a remote peer
  nick: change nickname for current chat session
  exit: exits chat session
"""

const
  PayloadV1* {.booldefine.} = false
  DefaultTopic* = "/waku/2/default-waku/proto"

# XXX Connected is a bit annoying, because incoming connections don't trigger state change
# Could poll connection pool or something here, I suppose
# TODO Ensure connected turns true on incoming connections, or get rid of it
type Chat = ref object
    node: WakuNode          # waku node for publishing, subscribing, etc
    transp: StreamTransport # transport streams between read & write file descriptor
    subscribed: bool        # indicates if a node is subscribed or not to a topic
    connected: bool         # if the node is connected to another peer
    started: bool           # if the node has started
    nick: string            # nickname for this chat session
    prompt: bool            # chat prompt is showing
    contentTopic: string    # default content topic for chat messages
    symkey: SymKey          # SymKey used for v1 payload encryption (if enabled)

type
  PrivateKey* = crypto.PrivateKey
  Topic* = waku_node.Topic

#####################
## chat2 protobufs ##
#####################

type
  SelectResult*[T] = Result[T, string]

  Chat2Message* = object
    timestamp*: int64
    nick*: string
    payload*: seq[byte]

proc init*(T: type Chat2Message, buffer: seq[byte]): ProtoResult[T] =
  var msg = Chat2Message()
  let pb = initProtoBuffer(buffer)

  var timestamp: uint64
  discard ? pb.getField(1, timestamp)
  msg.timestamp = int64(timestamp)

  discard ? pb.getField(2, msg.nick)
  discard ? pb.getField(3, msg.payload)

  ok(msg)

proc encode*(message: Chat2Message): ProtoBuffer =
  var serialised = initProtoBuffer()

  serialised.write(1, uint64(message.timestamp))
  serialised.write(2, message.nick)
  serialised.write(3, message.payload)

  return serialised

proc toString*(message: Chat2Message): string =
  # Get message date and timestamp in local time
  let time = message.timestamp.fromUnix().local().format("'<'MMM' 'dd,' 'HH:mm'>'")

  return time & " " & message.nick & ": " & string.fromBytes(message.payload)

#####################

# Similarly as Status public chats now.
proc generateSymKey(contentTopic: ContentTopic): SymKey =
  var ctx: HMAC[sha256]
  var symKey: SymKey
  if pbkdf2(ctx, contentTopic.toBytes(), "", 65356, symKey) != sizeof(SymKey):
    raise (ref Defect)(msg: "Should not occur as array is properly sized")

  symKey

proc connectToNodes(c: Chat, nodes: seq[string]) {.async.} =
  echo "Connecting to nodes"
  await c.node.connectToNodes(nodes)
  c.connected = true

proc showChatPrompt(c: Chat) =
  if not c.prompt:
    try:
      stdout.write(">> ")
      stdout.flushFile()
      c.prompt = true
    except IOError:
      discard

proc getChatLine(c: Chat, msg:WakuMessage): Result[string, string]=
  when PayloadV1:
      # Use Waku v1 payload encoding/encryption
      let
        keyInfo = KeyInfo(kind: Symmetric, symKey: c.symKey)
        decodedPayload = decodePayload(decoded.get(), keyInfo)

      if decodedPayload.isOK():
        let
          pb = Chat2Message.init(decodedPayload.get().payload)
          chatLine = if pb.isOk: pb[].toString()
                    else: string.fromBytes(decodedPayload.get().payload)
        return ok(chatLine)
      else:
        debug "Invalid encoded WakuMessage payload",
          error = decodedPayload.error
        return err("Invalid encoded WakuMessage payload")
  else:
    # No payload encoding/encryption from Waku
    let
      pb = Chat2Message.init(msg.payload)
      chatLine = if pb.isOk: pb[].toString()
                else: string.fromBytes(msg.payload)
    return ok(chatline)

proc printReceivedMessage(c: Chat, msg: WakuMessage) =
  when PayloadV1:
      # Use Waku v1 payload encoding/encryption
      let
        keyInfo = KeyInfo(kind: Symmetric, symKey: c.symKey)
        decodedPayload = decodePayload(decoded.get(), keyInfo)

      if decodedPayload.isOK():
        let
          pb = Chat2Message.init(decodedPayload.get().payload)
          chatLine = if pb.isOk: pb[].toString()
                    else: string.fromBytes(decodedPayload.get().payload)
        echo &"{chatLine}"
        c.prompt = false
        showChatPrompt(c)
        trace "Printing message", topic=DefaultTopic, chatLine,
          contentTopic = msg.contentTopic
      else:
        debug "Invalid encoded WakuMessage payload",
          error = decodedPayload.error
  else:
    # No payload encoding/encryption from Waku
    let
      pb = Chat2Message.init(msg.payload)
      chatLine = if pb.isOk: pb[].toString()
                else: string.fromBytes(msg.payload)
    try:
      echo &"{chatLine}"
    except ValueError:
      # Formatting fail. Print chat line in any case.
      echo chatLine
    
    c.prompt = false
    showChatPrompt(c)
    trace "Printing message", topic=DefaultTopic, chatLine,
      contentTopic = msg.contentTopic

proc readNick(transp: StreamTransport): Future[string] {.async.} =
  # Chat prompt
  stdout.write("Choose a nickname >> ")
  stdout.flushFile()
  return await transp.readLine()

proc publish(c: Chat, line: string) =
  # First create a Chat2Message protobuf with this line of text
  let time = getTime().toUnix()
  let chat2pb = Chat2Message(timestamp: time,
                             nick: c.nick,
                             payload: line.toBytes()).encode()

  ## @TODO: error handling on failure
  proc handler(response: PushResponse) {.gcsafe, closure.} =
    trace "lightpush response received", response=response

  when PayloadV1:
    # Use Waku v1 payload encoding/encryption
    let
      rng = keys.newRng()
      payload = Payload(payload: chat2pb.buffer, symKey: some(c.symKey))
      version = 1'u32
      encodedPayload = payload.encode(version, rng[])
    if encodedPayload.isOk():
      var message = WakuMessage(payload: encodedPayload.get(),
        contentTopic: c.contentTopic, version: version, timestamp: getNanosecondTime(time))
      when defined(rln) or defined(rlnzerokit):
        if  not isNil(c.node.wakuRlnRelay):
          # for future version when we support more than one rln protected content topic, 
          # we should check the message content topic as well
          let success = c.node.wakuRlnRelay.appendRLNProof(message, float64(time))
          if not success:
            debug "could not append rate limit proof to the message", success=success
          else:
            debug "rate limit proof is appended to the message", success=success
            # TODO move it to log after doogfooding
            let msgEpoch = fromEpoch(message.proof.epoch)
            if fromEpoch(c.node.wakuRlnRelay.lastEpoch) == fromEpoch(message.proof.epoch):
              echo "--rln epoch: ", msgEpoch, " ⚠️ message rate violation! you are spamming the network!"
            else:
              echo "--rln epoch: ", msgEpoch
            # update the last epoch
            c.node.wakuRlnRelay.lastEpoch = message.proof.epoch
      if not c.node.wakuLightPush.isNil():
        # Attempt lightpush
        asyncSpawn c.node.lightpush2(DefaultTopic, message)
      else:
        asyncSpawn c.node.publish(DefaultTopic, message, handler)
    else:
      warn "Payload encoding failed", error = encodedPayload.error
  else:
    # No payload encoding/encryption from Waku
    var message = WakuMessage(payload: chat2pb.buffer,
      contentTopic: c.contentTopic, version: 0, timestamp: getNanosecondTime(time))
    when defined(rln) or defined(rlnzerokit):
      if  not isNil(c.node.wakuRlnRelay):
        # for future version when we support more than one rln protected content topic, 
        # we should check the message content topic as well
        let success = c.node.wakuRlnRelay.appendRLNProof(message, float64(time))
        if not success:
          debug "could not append rate limit proof to the message", success=success
        else:
          debug "rate limit proof is appended to the message", success=success
          # TODO move it to log after doogfooding
          let msgEpoch = fromEpoch(message.proof.epoch)
          if fromEpoch(c.node.wakuRlnRelay.lastEpoch) == msgEpoch:
            echo "--rln epoch: ", msgEpoch, " ⚠️ message rate violation! you are spamming the network!"
          else:
            echo "--rln epoch: ", msgEpoch
          # update the last epoch
          c.node.wakuRlnRelay.lastEpoch = message.proof.epoch

    if not c.node.wakuLightPush.isNil():
      # Attempt lightpush
      asyncSpawn c.node.lightpush2(DefaultTopic, message)
    else:
      asyncSpawn c.node.publish(DefaultTopic, message)

# TODO This should read or be subscribe handler subscribe
proc readAndPrint(c: Chat) {.async.} =
  while true:
#    while p.connected:
#      # TODO: echo &"{p.id} -> "
#
#      echo cast[string](await p.conn.readLp(1024))
    #echo "readAndPrint subscribe NYI"
    await sleepAsync(100.millis)

# TODO Implement
proc writeAndPrint(c: Chat) {.async.} =
  while true:
# Connect state not updated on incoming WakuRelay connections
#    if not c.connected:
#      echo "type an address or wait for a connection:"
#      echo "type /[help|?] for help"

    # Chat prompt
    showChatPrompt(c)

    let line = await c.transp.readLine()
    if line.startsWith("/help") or line.startsWith("/?") or not c.started:
      echo Help
      continue

#    if line.startsWith("/disconnect"):
#      echo "Ending current session"
#      if p.connected and p.conn.closed.not:
#        await p.conn.close()
#      p.connected = false
    elif line.startsWith("/connect"):
      # TODO Should be able to connect to multiple peers for Waku chat
      if c.connected:
        echo "already connected to at least one peer"
        continue

      echo "enter address of remote peer"
      let address = await c.transp.readLine()
      if address.len > 0:
        await c.connectToNodes(@[address])
    
    elif line.startsWith("/nick"):
      # Set a new nickname
      c.nick = await readNick(c.transp)
      echo "You are now known as " & c.nick

    elif line.startsWith("/exit"):
      if not c.node.wakuFilter.isNil():
        echo "unsubscribing from content filters..."
      
        await c.node.unsubscribe(
          FilterRequest(contentFilters: @[ContentFilter(contentTopic: c.contentTopic)], pubSubTopic: DefaultTopic, subscribe: false)
        )
      
      echo "quitting..."

      await c.node.stop()

      quit(QuitSuccess)
    else:
      # XXX connected state problematic
      if c.started:
        c.publish(line)
        # TODO Connect to peer logic?
      else:
        try:
          if line.startsWith("/") and "p2p" in line:
            await c.connectToNodes(@[line])
        except:
          echo &"unable to dial remote peer {line}"
          echo getCurrentExceptionMsg()

proc readWriteLoop(c: Chat) {.async.} =
  asyncSpawn c.writeAndPrint() # execute the async function but does not block
  asyncSpawn c.readAndPrint()

proc readInput(wfd: AsyncFD) {.thread, raises: [Defect, CatchableError].} =
  ## This procedure performs reading from `stdin` and sends data over
  ## pipe to main thread.
  let transp = fromPipe(wfd)

  while true:
    let line = stdin.readLine()
    discard waitFor transp.write(line & "\r\n")

{.pop.} # @TODO confutils.nim(775, 17) Error: can raise an unlisted exception: ref IOError
proc processInput(rfd: AsyncFD) {.async.} =
  let transp = fromPipe(rfd)

  let
    conf = Chat2Conf.load()
    (extIp, extTcpPort, extUdpPort) = setupNat(conf.nat, clientId,
      Port(uint16(conf.tcpPort) + conf.portsShift),
      Port(uint16(conf.udpPort) + conf.portsShift))
    node = WakuNode.new(conf.nodekey, conf.listenAddress,
      Port(uint16(conf.tcpPort) + conf.portsShift),
      extIp, extTcpPort, 
      wsBindPort = Port(uint16(conf.websocketPort) + conf.portsShift),
      wsEnabled = conf.websocketSupport,
      wssEnabled = conf.websocketSecureSupport)
  await node.start()

  if conf.rlnRelayEthAccountPrivateKey == "" and conf.rlnRelayCredPath == "":
    raise newException(ConfigurationError,
    "Either rln-relay-eth-private-key or rln-relay-cred-path MUST be passed")

  if conf.relay:
    await node.mountRelay(conf.topics.split(" "))
  
  await node.mountLibp2pPing()
  
  let nick = await readNick(transp)
  echo "Welcome, " & nick & "!"

  var chat = Chat(node: node,
                  transp: transp,
                  subscribed: true,
                  connected: false,
                  started: true,
                  nick: nick, 
                  prompt: false,
                  contentTopic: conf.contentTopic,
                  symKey: generateSymKey(conf.contentTopic))

  if conf.staticnodes.len > 0:
    echo "Connecting to static peers..."
    await connectToNodes(chat, conf.staticnodes)
  
  var dnsDiscoveryUrl = none(string)

  if conf.fleet != Fleet.none:
    # Use DNS discovery to connect to selected fleet
    echo "Connecting to " & $conf.fleet & " fleet using DNS discovery..."
    
    if conf.fleet == Fleet.test:
      dnsDiscoveryUrl = some("enrtree://AOGECG2SPND25EEFMAJ5WF3KSGJNSGV356DSTL2YVLLZWIV6SAYBM@test.waku.nodes.status.im")
    else:
      # Connect to prod by default
      dnsDiscoveryUrl = some("enrtree://AOGECG2SPND25EEFMAJ5WF3KSGJNSGV356DSTL2YVLLZWIV6SAYBM@prod.waku.nodes.status.im")

  elif conf.dnsDiscovery and conf.dnsDiscoveryUrl != "":
    # No pre-selected fleet. Discover nodes via DNS using user config
    debug "Discovering nodes using Waku DNS discovery", url=conf.dnsDiscoveryUrl
    dnsDiscoveryUrl = some(conf.dnsDiscoveryUrl)

  var discoveredNodes: seq[RemotePeerInfo]

  if dnsDiscoveryUrl.isSome:
    var nameServers: seq[TransportAddress]
    for ip in conf.dnsDiscoveryNameServers:
      nameServers.add(initTAddress(ip, Port(53))) # Assume all servers use port 53

    let dnsResolver = DnsResolver.new(nameServers)

    proc resolver(domain: string): Future[string] {.async, gcsafe.} =
      trace "resolving", domain=domain
      let resolved = await dnsResolver.resolveTxt(domain)
      return resolved[0] # Use only first answer
    
    var wakuDnsDiscovery = WakuDnsDiscovery.init(dnsDiscoveryUrl.get(),
                                                 resolver)
    if wakuDnsDiscovery.isOk:
      let discoveredPeers = wakuDnsDiscovery.get().findPeers()
      if discoveredPeers.isOk:
        info "Connecting to discovered peers"
        discoveredNodes = discoveredPeers.get()
        echo "Discovered and connecting to " & $discoveredNodes
        waitFor chat.node.connectToNodes(discoveredNodes)
    else:
      warn "Failed to init Waku DNS discovery"

  let peerInfo = node.switch.peerInfo
  let listenStr = $peerInfo.addrs[0] & "/p2p/" & $peerInfo.peerId
  echo &"Listening on\n {listenStr}"

  if conf.swap:
    await node.mountSwap()

  if (conf.storenode != "") or (conf.store == true):
    await node.mountStore()

    var storenode: Option[RemotePeerInfo]

    if conf.storenode != "":
      storenode = some(parseRemotePeerInfo(conf.storenode))
    elif discoveredNodes.len > 0:
      echo "Store enabled, but no store nodes configured. Choosing one at random from discovered peers"
      storenode = some(discoveredNodes[rand(0..len(discoveredNodes) - 1)])
      
    if storenode.isSome():
      # We have a viable storenode. Let's query it for historical messages.
      echo "Connecting to storenode: " & $(storenode.get())

      node.wakuStore.setPeer(storenode.get())

      proc storeHandler(response: HistoryResponse) {.gcsafe.} =
        for msg in response.messages:
          let
            pb = Chat2Message.init(msg.payload)
            chatLine = if pb.isOk: pb[].toString()
                      else: string.fromBytes(msg.payload)
          echo &"{chatLine}"
        info "Hit store handler"

      let queryRes = await node.query(HistoryQuery(contentFilters: @[HistoryContentFilter(contentTopic: chat.contentTopic)]))
      if queryRes.isOk():
        storeHandler(queryRes.value)
  
  # NOTE Must be mounted after relay
  if conf.lightpushnode != "":
    await mountLightPush(node)

    node.wakuLightPush.setPeer(parseRemotePeerInfo(conf.lightpushnode))

  if conf.filternode != "":
    await node.mountFilter()

    node.wakuFilter.setPeer(parseRemotePeerInfo(conf.filternode))

    proc filterHandler(msg: WakuMessage) {.gcsafe.} =
      trace "Hit filter handler", contentTopic=msg.contentTopic

      chat.printReceivedMessage(msg)

    await node.subscribe(
      FilterRequest(contentFilters: @[ContentFilter(contentTopic: chat.contentTopic)], pubSubTopic: DefaultTopic, subscribe: true),
      filterHandler
    )

  # Subscribe to a topic, if relay is mounted
  if conf.relay:
    proc handler(topic: Topic, data: seq[byte]) {.async, gcsafe.} =
      trace "Hit subscribe handler", topic

      let decoded = WakuMessage.init(data)
      
      if decoded.isOk():
        if decoded.get().contentTopic == chat.contentTopic:
          chat.printReceivedMessage(decoded.get())
      else:
        trace "Invalid encoded WakuMessage", error = decoded.error

    let topic = cast[Topic](DefaultTopic)
    node.subscribe(topic, handler)

    when defined(rln) or defined(rlnzerokit): 
      if conf.rlnRelay:
        info "WakuRLNRelay is enabled"

        proc spamHandler(wakuMessage: WakuMessage) {.gcsafe, closure.} =
          debug "spam handler is called"
          let chatLineResult = chat.getChatLine(wakuMessage)
          if chatLineResult.isOk():
            echo "A spam message is found and discarded : ", chatLineResult.value
          else:
            echo "A spam message is found and discarded"
          chat.prompt = false
          showChatPrompt(chat)
        proc registrationHandler(txHash: string) {.gcsafe, closure.} =
          echo "You are registered to the rln membership contract, find details of your registration transaction in https://goerli.etherscan.io/tx/0x", txHash
        
        echo "rln-relay preparation is in progress..."
        let res = node.mountRlnRelay(conf = conf, spamHandler = some(spamHandler), registrationHandler = some(registrationHandler))
        if res.isErr:
          echo "failed to mount rln-relay: " & res.error()
        else:
          echo "your membership index is: ", node.wakuRlnRelay.membershipIndex
          echo "your rln identity key is: ", node.wakuRlnRelay.membershipKeyPair.idKey.inHex()
          echo "your rln identity commitment key is: ", node.wakuRlnRelay.membershipKeyPair.idCommitment.inHex()

  await chat.readWriteLoop()

  if conf.keepAlive:
    node.startKeepalive()

  runForever()

proc main() {.async.} =
  let (rfd, wfd) = createAsyncPipe()
  if rfd == asyncInvalidPipe or wfd == asyncInvalidPipe:
    raise newException(ValueError, "Could not initialize pipe!")

  var thread: Thread[AsyncFD]
  thread.createThread(readInput, wfd)
  try:
    await processInput(rfd)
  # Handle only ConfigurationError for now
  # TODO: Throw other errors from the mounting procedure
  except ConfigurationError as e:
    raise e


when isMainModule: # isMainModule = true when the module is compiled as the main file
  try:
    waitFor(main())
  except CatchableError as e:
    raise e

## Dump of things that can be improved:
##
## - Incoming dialed peer does not change connected state (not relying on it for now)
## - Unclear if staticnode argument works (can enter manually)
## - Don't trigger self / double publish own messages
## - Integrate store protocol (fetch messages in beginning)
## - Integrate filter protocol (default/option to be light node, connect to filter node)
## - Test/default to cluster node connection (diff protocol version)
## - Redirect logs to separate file
## - Expose basic publish/subscribe etc commands with /syntax
## - Show part of peerid to know who sent message
## - Deal with protobuf messages (e.g. other chat protocol, or encrypted)