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< meta name = "description" content = "25/LIBP2P-DNS-DISCOVERY specifies a scheme to implement libp2p peer discovery via DNS for Waku v2 . The generalised purpose is to retrieve an arbitrarily long , authenticated , updateable list of libp2p peers to bootstrap connection to a libp2p network . Since 10 / WAKU2 currently specifies use of libp2p peer identities , this method is suitable for a new Waku v2 node to discover other Waku v2 nodes to connect to .
This specification is largely based on EIP-1459, with the only deviation being the type of address being encoded (multiaddr vs enr).">
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< meta property = "og:description" content = "25/LIBP2P-DNS-DISCOVERY specifies a scheme to implement libp2p peer discovery via DNS for Waku v2 . The generalised purpose is to retrieve an arbitrarily long , authenticated , updateable list of libp2p peers to bootstrap connection to a libp2p network . Since 10 / WAKU2 currently specifies use of libp2p peer identities , this method is suitable for a new Waku v2 node to discover other Waku v2 nodes to connect to .
This specification is largely based on EIP-1459, with the only deviation being the type of address being encoded (multiaddr vs enr)." />
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< strong > 25/LIBP2P-DNS-DISCOVERY< / strong >
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< li > < a href = "#list-encoding" > List encoding< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#entry-types" > Entry types< / a >
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< li > < a href = "#branch-entry" > Branch entry< / a > < / li >
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< li > < a href = "#link-entries" > Link entries< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#multiaddr-entries" > < code > multiaddr< / code > entries< / a > < / li >
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< / li >
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< li > < a href = "#client-protocol" > Client protocol< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#copyright" > Copyright< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#references" > References< / a > < / li >
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< h1 id = "25libp2p-dns-discovery" >
25/LIBP2P-DNS-DISCOVERY
< a class = "anchor" href = "#25libp2p-dns-discovery" > #< / a >
< / h1 >
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< h1 id = "libp2p-peer-discovery-via-dns" >
Libp2p Peer Discovery via DNS
< a class = "anchor" href = "#libp2p-peer-discovery-via-dns" > #< / a >
< / h1 >
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< ul >
< li > Status: deleted< / li >
< li > Editor: Hanno Cornelius < a href = "mailto:hanno@status.im" > hanno@status.im< / a > < / li >
< / ul > < p > < code > 25/LIBP2P-DNS-DISCOVERY< / code > specifies a scheme to implement < a href = "https://libp2p.io/" > < code > libp2p< / code > < / a > peer discovery via DNS for Waku v2.
The generalised purpose is to retrieve an arbitrarily long, authenticated, updateable list of < a href = "https://docs.libp2p.io/concepts/peer-id/" > < code > libp2p< / code > peers< / a > to bootstrap connection to a < code > libp2p< / code > network.
Since < a href = "https://rfc.vac.dev/spec/10/" > < code > 10/WAKU2< / code > < / a > currently specifies use of < a href = "https://docs.libp2p.io/concepts/peer-id/" > < code > libp2p< / code > peer identities< / a > ,
this method is suitable for a new Waku v2 node to discover other Waku v2 nodes to connect to.< / p >
< p > This specification is largely based on < a href = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1459" > EIP-1459< / a > ,
with the only deviation being the type of address being encoded (< code > multiaddr< / code > vs < code > enr< / code > ).
Also see < a href = "https://vac.dev/dns-based-discovery" > this earlier explainer< / a > for more background on the suitability of DNS based discovery for Waku v2.< / p >
< h1 id = "list-encoding" >
List encoding
< a class = "anchor" href = "#list-encoding" > #< / a >
< / h1 >
< p > The peer list MUST be encoded as a < a href = "https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Merkle_tree" > Merkle tree< / a > .
EIP-1459 specifies < a href = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1459#specification" > the URL scheme< / a > to refer to such a DNS node list.
This specification uses the same approach, but with a < code > matree< / code > scheme:< / p >
< pre tabindex = "0" > < code > matree://< key> @< fqdn>
< / code > < / pre > < p > where< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > matree< / code > is the selected < code > multiaddr< / code > Merkle tree scheme< / li >
< li > < code > < fqdn> < / code > is the fully qualified domain name on which the list can be found< / li >
< li > < code > < key> < / code > is the base32 encoding of the compressed 32-byte binary public key that signed the list.< / li >
< / ul >
< p > The example URL from EIP-1459, adapted to the above scheme becomes:< / p >
< pre tabindex = "0" > < code > matree://AM5FCQLWIZX2QFPNJAP7VUERCCRNGRHWZG3YYHIUV7BVDQ5FDPRT2@peers.example.org
< / code > < / pre > < p > Each entry within the Merkle tree MUST be contained within a < a href = "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1035.txt" > DNS TXT record< / a >
and stored in a subdomain (except for the base URL < code > matree< / code > entry).
The content of any TXT record MUST be small enough to fit into the 512-byte limit imposed on UDP DNS packets,
which limits the number of hashes that can be contained within a branch entry.
The subdomain name for each entry is the base32 encoding of the abbreviated keccak256 hash of its text content.
See < a href = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1459#dns-record-structure" > this example< / a > of a fully populated tree for more information.< / p >
< h1 id = "entry-types" >
Entry types
< a class = "anchor" href = "#entry-types" > #< / a >
< / h1 >
< p > The following entry types are derived from < a href = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1459" > EIP-1459< / a >
and adapted for use with < code > multiaddrs< / code > :< / p >
< h2 id = "root-entry" >
Root entry
< a class = "anchor" href = "#root-entry" > #< / a >
< / h2 >
< p > The tree root entry MUST use the following format:< / p >
< pre tabindex = "0" > < code > matree-root:v1 m=< ma-root> l=< link-root> seq=< sequence number> sig=< signature>
< / code > < / pre > < p > where< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > ma-root< / code > and < code > link-root< / code > refer to the root hashes of subtrees
containing < code > multiaddrs< / code > and links to other subtrees, respectively< / li >
< li > < code > sequence-number< / code > is the tree’ s update sequence number.
This number SHOULD increase with each update to the tree.< / li >
< li > < code > signature< / code > is a 65-byte secp256k1 EC signature
over the keccak256 hash of the root record content,
excluding the < code > sig=< / code > part,
encoded as URL-safe base64< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "branch-entry" >
Branch entry
< a class = "anchor" href = "#branch-entry" > #< / a >
< / h2 >
< p > Branch entries MUST take the format:< / p >
< pre tabindex = "0" > < code > matree-branch:< h₁> ,< h₂> ,...,< hₙ>
< / code > < / pre > < p > where< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > < h₁> ,< h₂> ,...,< hₙ> < / code > are the hashes of other subtree entries< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "leaf-entries" >
Leaf entries
< a class = "anchor" href = "#leaf-entries" > #< / a >
< / h2 >
< p > There are two types of leaf entries:< / p >
< h3 id = "link-entries" >
Link entries
< a class = "anchor" href = "#link-entries" > #< / a >
< / h3 >
< p > For the subtree pointed to by < code > link-root< / code > ,
leaf entries MUST take the format:< / p >
< pre tabindex = "0" > < code > matree://< key> @< fqdn>
< / code > < / pre > < p > which links to a different list located in another domain.< / p >
< h3 id = "multiaddr-entries" >
< code > multiaddr< / code > entries
< a class = "anchor" href = "#multiaddr-entries" > #< / a >
< / h3 >
< p > For the subtree pointed to by < code > ma-root< / code > ,
leaf entries MUST take the format:< / p >
< pre tabindex = "0" > < code > ma:< multiaddr>
< / code > < / pre > < p > which contains the < code > multiaddr< / code > of a < code > libp2p< / code > peer.< / p >
< h1 id = "client-protocol" >
Client protocol
< a class = "anchor" href = "#client-protocol" > #< / a >
< / h1 >
< p > A client MUST adhere to the < a href = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1459#client-protocol" > client protocol< / a > as specified in EIP-1459,
and adapted for usage with < code > multiaddr< / code > entry types below:< / p >
< p > To find nodes at a given DNS name a client MUST perform the following steps:< / p >
< ol >
< li > Resolve the TXT record of the DNS name and check whether it contains a valid < code > matree-root:v1< / code > entry.< / li >
< li > Verify the signature on the root against the known public key
and check whether the sequence number is larger than or equal to any previous number seen for that name.< / li >
< li > Resolve the TXT record of a hash subdomain indicated in the record
and verify that the content matches the hash.< / li >
< li > If the resolved entry is of type:
< ul >
< li > < code > matree-branch< / code > : parse the list of hashes and continue resolving them (step 3).< / li >
< li > < code > ma< / code > : import the < code > multiaddr< / code > and add it to a local list of discovered nodes.< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ol >
< h1 id = "copyright" >
Copyright
< a class = "anchor" href = "#copyright" > #< / a >
< / h1 >
< p > Copyright and related rights waived via
< a href = "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" > CC0< / a > .< / p >
< h1 id = "references" >
References
< a class = "anchor" href = "#references" > #< / a >
< / h1 >
< ol >
< li > < a href = "https://rfc.vac.dev/spec/10/" > < code > 10/WAKU2< / code > < / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1459#client-protocol" > EIP-1459: Client Protocol< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1459" > EIP-1459: Node Discovery via DNS < / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://libp2p.io/" > < code > libp2p< / code > < / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://docs.libp2p.io/concepts/peer-id/" > < code > libp2p< / code > peer identity< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Merkle_tree" > Merkle trees< / a > < / li >
< / ol >
< / article >
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< li > < a href = "#branch-entry" > Branch entry< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#leaf-entries" > Leaf entries< / a >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "#link-entries" > Link entries< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#multiaddr-entries" > < code > multiaddr< / code > entries< / a > < / li >
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