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131 lines
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HTML
131 lines
117 KiB
HTML
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<title data-rh="true">CLIENT | Vac Research</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://vac.dev/status/deprecated/client"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="image" content="https://vac.dev/_og/3d76f91787ac833a36d982552c58ec75f7f82909.png"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-status-current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-status-current"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="CLIENT | Vac Research"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="This specification describes how to write a Status client for communicating with other Status clients."><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="This specification describes how to write a Status client for communicating with other Status clients."><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="/theme/image/favicon.ico"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://vac.dev/status/deprecated/client"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://vac.dev/status/deprecated/client" hreflang="en"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://vac.dev/status/deprecated/client" hreflang="x-default"><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="/theme/image/favicon.png">
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href="/status/62/payloads">62/STATUS-PAYLOADS</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/status/63/keycard-usage">63/STATUS-Keycard-Usage</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/status/65/account-address">65/STATUS-ACCOUNT-ADDRESS</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/status/71/push-notification-server">71/STATUS-PUSH-NOTIFICATION-SERVER</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_gTbr"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row docItemGrid_SzoZ"><div class="docItemCol_F52z"><div class="docItemContainer_hrrU"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_RLvU" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><a class="breadcrumbs__item" href="/status"><span class="lsd-typography lsd-typography--body3">Home</span></a><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="lsd-typography lsd-typography--body3 breadcrumbs__link">deprecated</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="lsd-typography lsd-typography--body3 breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">CLIENT</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>CLIENT</h1><div class="tocMobile_imaF"><div class="tocCollapsible_ROek theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_dxRj"><div></div><span class="lsd-typography lsd-typography--body2">On this page</span><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="lsd-icon lsd-icon--small lsd-icon--filled"><path d="M10.5 5.66125L9.6775 4.83875L7 7.51041L4.3225 4.83874L3.5 5.66125L7 9.16125L10.5 5.66125Z" fill="black"></path></svg></button></div></div></header><ul><li>Status: deprecated</li><li>Editor: Filip Dimitrijevic <<a href="mailto:filip@status.im" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">filip@status.im</a>></li><li>Contributors:<ul><li>Adam Babik <<a href="mailto:adam@status.im" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">adam@status.im</a>></li><li>Andrea Maria Piana <<a href="mailto:andreap@status.im" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">andreap@status.im</a>></li><li>Dean Eigenmann <<a href="mailto:dean@status.im" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dean@status.im</a>></li><li>Corey Petty <<a href="mailto:corey@status.im" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">corey@status.im</a>></li><li>Oskar Thorén <<a href="mailto:oskar@status.im" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">oskar@status.im</a>></li><li>Samuel Hawksby-Robinson <<a href="mailto:samuel@status.im" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">samuel@status.im</a>></li></ul></li></ul><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="abstract">Abstract<a href="#abstract" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Abstract" title="Direct link to Abstract"></a></h2><p>This specification describes how to write a Status client for communicating<br>
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with other Status clients.<br>
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This specification presents a reference implementation of the protocol
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used in a command-line client and a mobile app.</p><p>This document consists of two parts.<br>
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The first outlines the specifications required to be a full Status client.<br>
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The second provides a design rationale and answers some common questions.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="introduction">Introduction<a href="#introduction" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Introduction" title="Direct link to Introduction"></a></h2><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="protocol-layers">Protocol layers<a href="#protocol-layers" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Protocol layers" title="Direct link to Protocol layers"></a></h3><p>Implementing a Status clients largely means implementing the following layers.
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Additionally, there are separate specifications for things like key management and account lifecycle.</p><p>Other aspects, such as how a node uses IPFS for stickers or how the browser works, are currently underspecified.
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These specifications facilitate the implementation of a Status client for basic private communication.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Layer</th><th>Purpose</th><th>Technology</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Data and payloads</td><td>End user functionality</td><td>1:1, group chat, public chat</td></tr><tr><td>Data sync</td><td>Data consistency</td><td>MVDS.</td></tr><tr><td>Secure transport</td><td>Confidentiality, PFS, etc</td><td>Double Ratchet</td></tr><tr><td>Transport privacy</td><td>Routing, Metadata protection</td><td>Waku / Whisper</td></tr><tr><td>P2P Overlay</td><td>Overlay routing, NAT traversal</td><td>devp2p</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="protobuf">Protobuf<a href="#protobuf" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Protobuf" title="Direct link to Protobuf"></a></h3><p><a href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>protobuf</code></a> is used in different layers, version <code>proto3</code> used is unless stated otherwise.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="components">Components<a href="#components" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Components" title="Direct link to Components"></a></h2><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="p2p-overlay">P2P Overlay<a href="#p2p-overlay" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to P2P Overlay" title="Direct link to P2P Overlay"></a></h3><p>Status clients run on a public, permissionless peer-to-peer network, as specified by the devP2P
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network protocols. devP2P provides a protocol for node discovery which is in
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draft mode
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<a href="https://github.com/ethereum/devp2p/blob/master/discv5/discv5.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>. See
|
||
more on node discovery and management in the next section.</p><p>To communicate between Status nodes, the <a href="https://github.com/ethereum/devp2p/blob/master/rlpx.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RLPx Transport
|
||
Protocol, v5</a> is used, which
|
||
allows for TCP-based communication between nodes.</p><p>On top of this RLPx-based subprotocols are ran, the client
|
||
SHOULD NOT use <a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-627" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Whisper V6</a>, the client
|
||
SHOULD use <a href="/waku/standards/legacy/6/waku1">Waku V1</a>
|
||
for privacy-preserving messaging and efficient usage of a node's bandwidth.</p><h4 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="node-discovery-and-roles">Node discovery and roles<a href="#node-discovery-and-roles" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Node discovery and roles" title="Direct link to Node discovery and roles"></a></h4><p>There are four types of node roles:</p><ol><li><code>Bootstrap node</code></li><li><code>Whisper/Waku relayer</code></li><li><code>Mailserver</code> (servers and clients)</li><li><code>Mobile node</code> (Status Clients)</li></ol><p>A standard Status client MUST implement both <code>Whisper/Waku relayer</code> and <code>Mobile node</code> node types. The
|
||
other node types are optional, but it is RECOMMEND to implement a <code>Mailserver</code>
|
||
client mode, otherwise the user experience is likely to be poor.</p><h4 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="bootstrapping">Bootstrapping<a href="#bootstrapping" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Bootstrapping" title="Direct link to Bootstrapping"></a></h4><p>Bootstrap nodes allow Status nodes to discover and connect to other Status nodes
|
||
in the network.</p><p>Currently, Status Gmbh provides the main bootstrap nodes, but anyone can
|
||
run these provided they are connected to the rest of the Whisper/Waku network.</p><p>Status maintains a list of production fleet bootstrap nodes in the following locations:</p><p><strong>Hong Kong:</strong></p><ul><li><code>enode://6e6554fb3034b211398fcd0f0082cbb6bd13619e1a7e76ba66e1809aaa0c5f1ac53c9ae79cf2fd4a7bacb10d12010899b370c75fed19b991d9c0cdd02891abad@47.75.99.169:443</code></li><li><code>enode://23d0740b11919358625d79d4cac7d50a34d79e9c69e16831c5c70573757a1f5d7d884510bc595d7ee4da3c1508adf87bbc9e9260d804ef03f8c1e37f2fb2fc69@47.52.106.107:443</code></li></ul><p><strong>Amsterdam:</strong></p><ul><li><code>enode://436cc6f674928fdc9a9f7990f2944002b685d1c37f025c1be425185b5b1f0900feaf1ccc2a6130268f9901be4a7d252f37302c8335a2c1a62736e9232691cc3a@178.128.138.128:443</code></li><li><code>enode://5395aab7833f1ecb671b59bf0521cf20224fe8162fc3d2675de4ee4d5636a75ec32d13268fc184df8d1ddfa803943906882da62a4df42d4fccf6d17808156a87@178.128.140.188:443</code></li></ul><p><strong>Central US:</strong></p><ul><li><code>enode://32ff6d88760b0947a3dee54ceff4d8d7f0b4c023c6dad34568615fcae89e26cc2753f28f12485a4116c977be937a72665116596265aa0736b53d46b27446296a@34.70.75.208:443</code></li><li><code>enode://5405c509df683c962e7c9470b251bb679dd6978f82d5b469f1f6c64d11d50fbd5dd9f7801c6ad51f3b20a5f6c7ffe248cc9ab223f8bcbaeaf14bb1c0ef295fd0@35.223.215.156:443</code></li></ul><p>These bootstrap nodes MAY change and are not guaranteed to stay this way forever
|
||
and at some point circumstances might force them to change.</p><h4 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="discovery">Discovery<a href="#discovery" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Discovery" title="Direct link to Discovery"></a></h4><p>A Status client MUST discover or have a list of peers to connect to. Status uses a
|
||
light discovery mechanism based on a combination of <a href="https://github.com/ethereum/devp2p/blob/master/discv5/discv5.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Discovery v5</a> and
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/libp2p/specs/tree/master/rendezvous" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rendezvous Protocol</a>,
|
||
(with some <a href="https://github.com/status-im/rendezvous#differences-with-original-rendezvous" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">modifications</a>).
|
||
Additionally, some static nodes MAY also be used.</p><p>A Status client MUST use at least one discovery method or use static nodes
|
||
to communicate with other clients.</p><p>Discovery V5 uses bootstrap nodes to discover other peers. Bootstrap nodes MUST support
|
||
Discovery V5 protocol as well in order to provide peers. It is kademlia-based discovery mechanism
|
||
and it might consume significant (at least on mobile) amount of network traffic to operate.</p><p>In order to take advantage from simpler and more mobile-friendly peers discovery mechanism,
|
||
i.e. Rendezvous protocol, one MUST provide a list of Rendezvous nodes which speak
|
||
Rendezvous protocol. Rendezvous protocol is request-response discovery mechanism.
|
||
It uses Ethereum Node Records (ENR) to report discovered peers.</p><p>Both peers discovery mechanisms use topics to provide peers with certain capabilities.
|
||
There is no point in returning peers that do not support a particular protocol.
|
||
Status nodes that want to be discovered MUST register to Discovery V5 and/or Rendezvous
|
||
with the <code>whisper</code> topic. Status nodes that are <code>Mailservers</code> and want to
|
||
be discoverable MUST additionally register with the <code>whispermail</code> topic.</p><p>It is RECOMMENDED to use both mechanisms but at the same time implement a structure
|
||
called <code>PeerPool</code>. <code>PeerPool</code> is responsible for maintaining an optimal number of peers.
|
||
For mobile nodes, there is no significant advantage to have more than 2-3 peers and one <code>Mailserver</code>.
|
||
<code>PeerPool</code> can notify peers discovery protocol implementations that they should suspend
|
||
their execution because the optimal number of peers is found. They should resume
|
||
if the number of connected peers drops or a <code>Mailserver</code> disconnects.</p><p>It is worth noticing that an efficient caching strategy MAY be of great use, especially,
|
||
on mobile devices. Discovered peers can be cached as they rarely change and used
|
||
when the client starts again. In such a case, there might be no need to even start
|
||
peers discovery protocols because cached peers will satisfy the optimal number of peers.</p><p>Alternatively, a client MAY rely exclusively on a list of static peers. This is the most efficient
|
||
way because there are no peers discovery algorithm overhead introduced. The disadvantage
|
||
is that these peers might be gone and without peers discovery mechanism, it won't be possible to find
|
||
new ones.</p><p>The current list of static peers is published on <<a href="https://fleets.status.im/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://fleets.status.im/</a>>. <code>eth.prod</code> is the current
|
||
group of peers the official Status client uses. The others are test networks.</p><p>Finally, Waku node addresses can be retrieved by traversing
|
||
the merkle tree found at <a href="https://fleets.status.im" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>fleets.status.im</code></a>, as described in <a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1459#client-protocol" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EIP-1459</a>.</p><h4 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="mobile-nodes">Mobile nodes<a href="#mobile-nodes" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Mobile nodes" title="Direct link to Mobile nodes"></a></h4><p>A <code>Mobile node</code> is a Whisper and/or Waku node which connects to part of the respective Whisper
|
||
and/or Waku network(s). A <code>Mobile node</code> MAY relay messages. See next section for more details on how
|
||
to use Whisper and/or Waku to communicate with other Status nodes.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="transport-privacy-and-whisper--waku-usage">Transport privacy and Whisper / Waku usage<a href="#transport-privacy-and-whisper--waku-usage" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Transport privacy and Whisper / Waku usage" title="Direct link to Transport privacy and Whisper / Waku usage"></a></h3><p>Once a Whisper and/or Waku node is up and running there are some specific settings required
|
||
to communicate with other Status nodes.</p><p>See <a href="/status/deprecated/whisper-usage">WHISPER-USAGE</a> and <a href="/status/deprecated/waku-usage">WAKU-USAGE</a> for more details.</p><p>For providing an offline inbox, see the complementary <a href="/status/deprecated/whisper-mailserver">WHISPER-MAILSERVER</a> and <a href="/status/deprecated/waku-mailserver">WAKU-MAILSERVER</a>.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="secure-transport">Secure Transport<a href="#secure-transport" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Secure Transport" title="Direct link to Secure Transport"></a></h3><p>In order to provide confidentiality, integrity, authentication and forward
|
||
secrecy of messages the node implements a secure transport on top of Whisper and Waku. This is
|
||
used in 1:1 chats and group chats, but not for public chats. See <a href="/status/deprecated/secure-transport">SECURE-TRANSPORT</a> for more.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="data-sync">Data Sync<a href="#data-sync" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Data Sync" title="Direct link to Data Sync"></a></h3><p><a href="/vac/2/mvds">MVDS</a> is used for 1:1 and group chats, however it is currently not in use for public chats.
|
||
<a href="#payloads-and-clients">Status payloads</a> are serialized and then wrapped inside an
|
||
MVDS message which is added to an <a href="/vac/2/mvds##payloads">MVDS payload</a>,
|
||
the node encrypts this payload (if necessary for 1-to-1 / group-chats) and sends it using
|
||
Whisper or Waku which also encrypts it.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="payloads-and-clients">Payloads and clients<a href="#payloads-and-clients" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Payloads and clients" title="Direct link to Payloads and clients"></a></h3><p>On top of secure transport, various types of data sync clients and
|
||
the node uses payload formats for things like 1:1 chat, group chat and public chat. These have
|
||
various degrees of standardization. Please refer to <a href="/status/deprecated/payloads">PAYLOADS</a> for more details.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="bips-and-eips-standards-support">BIPs and EIPs Standards support<a href="#bips-and-eips-standards-support" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to BIPs and EIPs Standards support" title="Direct link to BIPs and EIPs Standards support"></a></h3><p>For a list of EIPs and BIPs that SHOULD be supported by Status client, please
|
||
see <a href="/status/deprecated/eips">EIPS</a>.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="security-considerations">Security Considerations<a href="#security-considerations" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Security Considerations" title="Direct link to Security Considerations"></a></h2><p>See <a href="#appendix-a-security-considerations">Appendix A</a></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="design-rationale">Design Rationale<a href="#design-rationale" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Design Rationale" title="Direct link to Design Rationale"></a></h2><p>P2P Overlay</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="why-devp2p-why-not-use-libp2p">Why devp2p? Why not use libp2p?<a href="#why-devp2p-why-not-use-libp2p" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Why devp2p? Why not use libp2p?" title="Direct link to Why devp2p? Why not use libp2p?"></a></h3><p>At the time Status developed the main Status clients, devp2p was the most
|
||
mature. However, in the future libp2p is likely to be used, as it'll
|
||
provide us with multiple transports, better protocol negotiation, NAT traversal,
|
||
etc.</p><p>For very experimental bridge support, see the bridge between libp2p and devp2p
|
||
in <a href="https://github.com/status-im/murmur" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Murmur</a>.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="what-about-other-rlpx-subprotocols-like-les-and-swarm">What about other RLPx subprotocols like LES, and Swarm?<a href="#what-about-other-rlpx-subprotocols-like-les-and-swarm" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to What about other RLPx subprotocols like LES, and Swarm?" title="Direct link to What about other RLPx subprotocols like LES, and Swarm?"></a></h3><p>Status is primarily optimized for resource restricted devices, and at present
|
||
time light client support for these protocols are suboptimal. This is a work in
|
||
progress.</p><p>For better Ethereum light client support, see <a href="https://github.com/status-im/status-go/issues/1025" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Re-enable LES as
|
||
option</a>. For better Swarm
|
||
support, see <a href="https://github.com/ethersphere/SWIPs/pull/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Swarm adaptive
|
||
nodes</a>.</p><p>For transaction support, Status clients currently have to rely on Infura.</p><p>Status clients currently do not offer native support for file storage.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="why-do-you-use-whisper">Why do you use Whisper?<a href="#why-do-you-use-whisper" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Why do you use Whisper?" title="Direct link to Why do you use Whisper?"></a></h3><p>Whisper is one of the <a href="http://gavwood.com/dappsweb3.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">three parts</a> of the
|
||
vision of Ethereum as the world computer, Ethereum and Swarm being the other
|
||
two. Status was started as an encapsulation of and a clear window to this world
|
||
computer.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="why-do-you-use-waku">Why do you use Waku?<a href="#why-do-you-use-waku" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Why do you use Waku?" title="Direct link to Why do you use Waku?"></a></h3><p>Waku is a direct upgrade and replacement for Whisper, the main motivation for
|
||
developing and implementing Waku can be found in the <a href="/waku/">Waku specs</a>.</p><p>>Waku was created to incrementally improve in areas that Whisper is lacking in,
|
||
>with special attention to resource restricted devices. We specify the standard for
|
||
>Waku messages in order to ensure forward compatibility of different Waku clients,
|
||
>backwards compatibility with Whisper clients, as well as to allow multiple
|
||
>implementations of Waku and its capabilities. We also modify the language to be more
|
||
>unambiguous, concise and consistent.</p><p>Considerable work has gone into the active development of Ethereum, in contrast Whisper
|
||
is not currently under active development, and it has several drawbacks. Among others:</p><ul><li>Whisper is very wasteful bandwidth-wise and doesn't appear to be scalable</li><li>Proof of work is a poor spam protection mechanism for heterogeneous devices</li><li>The privacy guarantees provided are not rigorous</li><li>There are no incentives to run a node</li></ul><p>Finding a more suitable transport privacy is an ongoing research effort,
|
||
together with <a href="https://vac.dev/vac-overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vac</a> and other teams in the space.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="why-is-pow-for-waku-set-so-low">Why is PoW for Waku set so low?<a href="#why-is-pow-for-waku-set-so-low" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Why is PoW for Waku set so low?" title="Direct link to Why is PoW for Waku set so low?"></a></h3><p>A higher PoW would be desirable, but this kills the battery on mobile phones,
|
||
which is a prime target for Status clients.</p><p>This means the network is currently vulnerable to DDoS attacks. Alternative
|
||
methods of spam protection are currently being researched.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="why-do-you-not-use-discovery-v5-for-node-discovery">Why do you not use Discovery v5 for node discovery?<a href="#why-do-you-not-use-discovery-v5-for-node-discovery" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Why do you not use Discovery v5 for node discovery?" title="Direct link to Why do you not use Discovery v5 for node discovery?"></a></h3><p>At the time of implementing dynamic node discovery, Discovery v5 wasn't completed
|
||
yet. Additionally, running a DHT on a mobile leads to slow node discovery, bad
|
||
battery and poor bandwidth usage. Instead, each client can choose to turn on
|
||
Discovery v5 for a short period until the node populates their peer list.</p><p>For some further investigation, see
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/status-im/swarms/blob/master/ideas/092-disc-v5-research.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="i-heard-something-about-mailservers-being-trusted-somehow">I heard something about <code>Mailservers</code> being trusted somehow?<a href="#i-heard-something-about-mailservers-being-trusted-somehow" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to i-heard-something-about-mailservers-being-trusted-somehow" title="Direct link to i-heard-something-about-mailservers-being-trusted-somehow"></a></h3><p>In order to use a <code>Mailserver</code>, a given node needs to connect to it directly, i.e. add the <code>Mailserver</code>
|
||
as its peer and mark it as trusted.
|
||
This means that the <code>Mailserver</code> is able to send direct p2p messages to the node instead of broadcasting them.
|
||
Effectively, it knows the bloom filter of the topics the node is interested in,
|
||
when it is online as well as many metadata like IP address.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="data-sync-1">Data sync<a href="#data-sync-1" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Data sync" title="Direct link to Data sync"></a></h3><h4 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="why-is-mvds-not-used-for-public-chats">Why is MVDS not used for public chats?<a href="#why-is-mvds-not-used-for-public-chats" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Why is MVDS not used for public chats?" title="Direct link to Why is MVDS not used for public chats?"></a></h4><p>Currently, public chats are broadcast-based, and there's no direct way of finding
|
||
out who is receiving messages. Hence there's no clear group sync state context
|
||
whereby participants can sync. Additionally, MVDS is currently not optimized for
|
||
large group contexts, which means bandwidth usage will be a lot higher than
|
||
reasonable. See <a href="https://vac.dev/p2p-data-sync-for-mobile" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">P2P Data Sync for Mobile</a> for more.
|
||
This is an active area of research.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="footnotes">Footnotes<a href="#footnotes" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Footnotes" title="Direct link to Footnotes"></a></h2><ol><li><<a href="https://github.com/status-im/status-protocol-go/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/status-im/status-protocol-go/</a>></li><li><<a href="https://github.com/status-im/status-console-client/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/status-im/status-console-client/</a>></li><li><<a href="https://github.com/status-im/status-mobile/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/status-im/status-mobile/</a>></li></ol><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="appendix-a-security-considerations">Appendix A: Security considerations<a href="#appendix-a-security-considerations" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Appendix A: Security considerations" title="Direct link to Appendix A: Security considerations"></a></h2><p>There are several security considerations to take into account when running Status.
|
||
Chief among them are: scalability, DDoS-resistance and privacy.
|
||
These also vary depending on what capabilities are used, such as <code>Mailserver</code>, light node, and so on.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="scalability-and-ux">Scalability and UX<a href="#scalability-and-ux" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Scalability and UX" title="Direct link to Scalability and UX"></a></h3><p><strong>Bandwidth usage:</strong></p><p>In version 1 of Status, bandwidth usage is likely to be an issue.
|
||
In Status version 1.1 this is partially addressed with Waku usage, see <a href="https://github.com/vacp2p/research/tree/dcc71f4779be832d3b5ece9c4e11f1f7ec24aac2/whisper_scalability" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">the theoretical scaling model</a>.</p><p><strong><code>Mailserver</code> High Availability requirement:</strong></p><p>A <code>Mailserver</code> has to be online to receive messages for other nodes, this puts a high availability requirement on it.</p><p><strong>Gossip-based routing:</strong></p><p>Use of gossip-based routing doesn't necessarily scale.
|
||
It means each node can see a message multiple times,
|
||
and having too many light nodes can cause propagation probability that is too low.
|
||
See <a href="https://our.status.im/whisper-pss-comparison/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Whisper vs PSS</a> for more and a possible Kademlia based alternative.</p><p><strong>Lack of incentives:</strong></p><p>Status currently lacks incentives to run nodes, which means node operators are more likely to create centralized choke points.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="privacy">Privacy<a href="#privacy" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Privacy" title="Direct link to Privacy"></a></h3><p><strong>Light node privacy:</strong></p><p>The main privacy concern with light nodes is that directly connected peers will know that a message originates from them (as it are the only ones it sends). This means nodes can make assumptions about what messages (topics) their peers are interested in.</p><p><strong>Bloom filter privacy:</strong></p><p>A user reveals which messages they are interested in, by setting only the topics they are interested in on the bloom filter.
|
||
This is a fundamental trade-off between bandwidth usage and privacy,
|
||
though the trade-off space is likely suboptimal in terms of the <a href="https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/954.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anonymity</a> <a href="https://petsymposium.org/2019/files/hotpets/slides/coordination-helps-anonymity-slides.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">trilemma</a>.</p><p><strong><code>Mailserver client</code> privacy:</strong></p><p>A <code>Mailserver client</code> has to trust a <code>Mailserver</code>, which means they can send direct traffic. This reveals what topics / bloom filter a node is interested in, along with its peerID (with IP).</p><p><strong>Privacy guarantees not rigorous:</strong></p><p>Privacy for Whisper or Waku hasn't been studied rigorously for various threat models like global passive adversary, local active attacker, etc. This is unlike e.g. Tor and mixnets.</p><p><strong>Topic hygiene:</strong></p><p>Similar to bloom filter privacy, using a very specific topic reveals more information. See scalability model linked above.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="spam-resistance">Spam resistance<a href="#spam-resistance" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Spam resistance" title="Direct link to Spam resistance"></a></h3><p><strong>PoW bad for heterogeneous devices:</strong></p><p>Proof of work is a poor spam prevention mechanism. A mobile device can only have a very low PoW in order not to use too much CPU / burn up its phone battery. This means someone can spin up a powerful node and overwhelm the network.</p><p><strong><code>Mailserver</code> trusted connection:</strong></p><p>A <code>Mailserver</code> has a direct TCP connection, which means they are trusted to send traffic. This means a malicious or malfunctioning <code>Mailserver</code> can overwhelm an individual node.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="censorship-resistance">Censorship resistance<a href="#censorship-resistance" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Censorship resistance" title="Direct link to Censorship resistance"></a></h3><p><strong>Devp2p TCP port blockable:</strong></p><p>By default Devp2p runs on port <code>30303</code>, which is not commonly used for any other service. This means it is easy to censor, e.g. airport WiFi. This can be mitigated somewhat by running on e.g. port <code>80</code> or <code>443</code>, but there are still outstanding issues. See libp2p and Tor's Pluggable Transport for how this can be improved.</p><p>See <<a href="https://github.com/status-im/status-mobile/issues/6351" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/status-im/status-mobile/issues/6351</a>> for some discussion.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="acknowledgments">Acknowledgments<a href="#acknowledgments" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Acknowledgments" title="Direct link to Acknowledgments"></a></h2><p>Jacek Sieka</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="changelog">Changelog<a href="#changelog" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Changelog" title="Direct link to Changelog"></a></h2><h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="version-03">Version 0.3<a href="#version-03" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Version 0.3" title="Direct link to Version 0.3"></a></h3><p>Released <a href="https://github.com/status-im/specs/commit/664dd1c9df6ad409e4c007fefc8c8945b8d324e8" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">May 22, 2020</a></p><ul><li>Added that Waku SHOULD be used</li><li>Added that Whisper SHOULD NOT be used</li><li>Added language to include Waku in all relevant places</li><li>Change to keep <code>Mailserver</code> term consistent</li></ul><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="copyright">Copyright<a href="#copyright" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Copyright" title="Direct link to Copyright"></a></h2><p>Copyright and related rights waived via <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CC0</a>.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="references">References<a href="#references" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to References" title="Direct link to References"></a></h2><ul><li><a href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Protobuf</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ethereum/devp2p/blob/master/discv5/discv5.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Discv5</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ethereum/devp2p/blob/master/rlpx.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RLPx Transport Protocol, v5</a></li><li><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-627" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Whisper V6</a></li><li><a href="/waku/standards/legacy/6/waku1">Waku V1</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/libp2p/specs/tree/master/rendezvous" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rendezvous Protocol</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/status-im/rendezvous#differences-with-original-rendezvous" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rendezvous Protocol modifications</a></li><li><a href="https://fleets.status.im" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Fleets Status</a></li><li><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1459#client-protocol" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EIP-1459</a></li><li><a href="/status/deprecated/whisper-usage">WHISPER-USAGE</a></li><li><a href="/status/deprecated/waku-usage">WAKU-USAGE</a></li><li><a href="/status/deprecated/whisper-mailserver">WHISPER-MAILSERVER</a></li><li><a href="/status/deprecated/waku-mailserver">WAKU-MAILSERVER</a></li><li><a href="/status/deprecated/secure-transport">SECURE-TRANSPORT</a></li><li><a href="/vac/2/mvds">MVDS</a></li><li><a href="/status/deprecated/payloads">PAYLOADS</a></li><li><a href="/status/deprecated/eips">EIPS</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/status-im/murmur" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Murmur</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/status-im/status-go/issues/1025" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Re-enable LES as option</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ethersphere/SWIPs/pull/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Swarm adaptive nodes</a></li><li><a href="https://our.status.im/whisper-pss-comparison/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Whisper vs PSS</a></li><li><a href="/waku/">Waku specs</a></li><li><a href="https://vac.dev/vac-overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vac</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/vacp2p/research/tree/dcc71f4779be832d3b5ece9c4e11f1f7ec24aac2/whisper_scalability" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">theoretical scaling model</a></li><li><a href="https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/954.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anonymity</a></li><li><a href="https://petsymposium.org/2019/files/hotpets/slides/coordination-helps-anonymity-slides.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">trilemma</a></li><li><a href="https://our.status.im/whisper-pss-comparison/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Whisper vs PSS</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/status-im/swarms/blob/master/ideas/092-disc-v5-research.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Discovery v5 research</a></li><li><a href="https://vac.dev/p2p-data-sync-for-mobile" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">P2P Data Sync for Mobile</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/status-im/status-protocol-go/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Status protocol go</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/status-im/status-console-client/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Status console client</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/status-im/status-mobile/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Status mobile</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/status-im/status-mobile/issues/6351" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Status mobile issue 6351</a></li></ul></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/status/deprecated/account"><div class="icon_S7Kx m_thRi"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"><path d="M11.667 6.417h-7.1l3.261-3.261L7 2.333 2.333 7 7 11.667l.823-.823-3.255-3.26h7.099V6.417Z" fill="#fff"></path></svg></div><span class="lsd-typography lsd-typography--body2 pagination-nav__label">ACCOUNT</span></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/status/deprecated/dapp-browser-API-usage"><span class="lsd-typography lsd-typography--body2 pagination-nav__label">Dapp browser API usage</span><div class="icon_S7Kx m_thRi"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"><path d="m7 2.333-.823.823 3.255 3.26H2.333v1.167h7.1l-3.256 3.261.823.823L11.667 7 7 2.333Z" fill="#fff"></path></svg></div></a></nav></div></div><div class="gap1_XuuQ"></div><div class="toc_pP_5"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#abstract" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Abstract</a></li><li><a href="#introduction" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Introduction</a><ul><li><a href="#protocol-layers" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Protocol layers</a></li><li><a href="#protobuf" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Protobuf</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#components" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Components</a><ul><li><a href="#p2p-overlay" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">P2P Overlay</a></li><li><a href="#transport-privacy-and-whisper--waku-usage" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Transport privacy and Whisper / Waku usage</a></li><li><a href="#secure-transport" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Secure Transport</a></li><li><a href="#data-sync" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Data Sync</a></li><li><a href="#payloads-and-clients" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Payloads and clients</a></li><li><a href="#bips-and-eips-standards-support" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">BIPs and EIPs Standards support</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#security-considerations" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="#design-rationale" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Design Rationale</a><ul><li><a href="#why-devp2p-why-not-use-libp2p" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Why devp2p? Why not use libp2p?</a></li><li><a href="#what-about-other-rlpx-subprotocols-like-les-and-swarm" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">What about other RLPx subprotocols like LES, and Swarm?</a></li><li><a href="#why-do-you-use-whisper" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Why do you use Whisper?</a></li><li><a href="#why-do-you-use-waku" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Why do you use Waku?</a></li><li><a href="#why-is-pow-for-waku-set-so-low" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Why is PoW for Waku set so low?</a></li><li><a href="#why-do-you-not-use-discovery-v5-for-node-discovery" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Why do you not use Discovery v5 for node discovery?</a></li><li><a href="#i-heard-something-about-mailservers-being-trusted-somehow" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">I heard something about <code>Mailservers</code> being trusted somehow?</a></li><li><a href="#data-sync-1" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Data sync</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#footnotes" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Footnotes</a></li><li><a href="#appendix-a-security-considerations" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Appendix A: Security considerations</a><ul><li><a href="#scalability-and-ux" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Scalability and UX</a></li><li><a href="#privacy" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="#spam-resistance" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Spam resistance</a></li><li><a href="#censorship-resistance" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Censorship resistance</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#acknowledgments" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Acknowledgments</a></li><li><a href="#changelog" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Changelog</a><ul><li><a href="#version-03" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Version 0.3</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#copyright" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Copyright</a></li><li><a href="#references" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">References</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid firstRow_ar1q"><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="margin-bottom--sm"><a class="footerLogoLink_BH7S" href="/"><img src="/theme/image/logo.svg" alt="Vac Research" class="themedImage_kfRS themedImage--light_BL8e footer__logo" width="22"><img src="/theme/image/logo.svg" alt="Vac Research" class="themedImage_kfRS themedImage--dark_OvIx footer__logo" width="22"></a></div><div class="footer__copyright">Vac @2025<br>All Rights Reserved.</div></div><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title"></div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://x.com/vacp2p" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" 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