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Part II: Custom protocol
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Part I: Simple connection
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Part II: Custom protocol
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Reference
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< h1 id = "custom-protocol-in-libp2p" > Custom protocol in libp2p< / h1 >
< p > In the < a href = "../tutorial_1_connect/" > previous tutorial< / a > , we've looked at how to create a simple ping program using the < code > nim-libp2p< / code > .< / p >
< p > We'll now look at how to create a custom protocol inside the libp2p< / p >
< p > Let's create a < code > part2.nim< / code > , and import our dependencies:
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-0-1" name = "__codelineno-0-1" href = "#__codelineno-0-1" > < / a > < span class = "kn" > import< / span > < span class = "n" > chronos< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-2" name = "__codelineno-0-2" href = "#__codelineno-0-2" > < / a > < span class = "kn" > import< / span > < span class = "n" > stew< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > byteutils< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-3" name = "__codelineno-0-3" href = "#__codelineno-0-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-4" name = "__codelineno-0-4" href = "#__codelineno-0-4" > < / a > < span class = "kn" > import< / span > < span class = "n" > libp2p< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
This is similar to the first tutorial, except we don't need to import the < code > Ping< / code > protocol.< / p >
< p > Next, we'll declare our custom protocol
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-1-1" name = "__codelineno-1-1" href = "#__codelineno-1-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > const< / span > < span class = "n" > TestCodec< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "s" > " /test/proto/1.0.0" < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-2" name = "__codelineno-1-2" href = "#__codelineno-1-2" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-3" name = "__codelineno-1-3" href = "#__codelineno-1-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > type< / span > < span class = "n" > TestProto< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "k" > ref< / span > < span class = "k" > object< / span > < span class = "k" > of< / span > < span class = "n" > LPProtocol< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div > < / p >
< p > We've set a < a href = "https://docs.libp2p.io/concepts/protocols/#protocol-ids" > protocol ID< / a > , and created a custom < code > LPProtocol< / code > . In a more complex protocol, we could use this structure to store interesting variables.< / p >
< p > A protocol generally has two part: and handling/server part, and a dialing/client part.
Theses two parts can be identical, but in our trivial protocol, the server will wait for a message from the client, and the client will send a message, so we have to handle the two cases separately.< / p >
< p > Let's start with the server part:
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-2-1" name = "__codelineno-2-1" href = "#__codelineno-2-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > proc < / span > < span class = "nf" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > typedesc< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > TestProto< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-2" name = "__codelineno-2-2" href = "#__codelineno-2-2" > < / a > < span class = "c" > # every incoming connections will in be handled in this closure< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-3" name = "__codelineno-2-3" href = "#__codelineno-2-3" > < / a > < span class = "k" > proc < / span > < span class = "nf" > handle< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > conn< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > Connection< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > proto< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > string< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {.< / span > < span class = "n" > async< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > gcsafe< / span > < span class = "p" > .}< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-4" name = "__codelineno-2-4" href = "#__codelineno-2-4" > < / a > < span class = "c" > # Read up to 1024 bytes from this connection, and transform them into< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-5" name = "__codelineno-2-5" href = "#__codelineno-2-5" > < / a > < span class = "c" > # a string< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-6" name = "__codelineno-2-6" href = "#__codelineno-2-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > echo< / span > < span class = "s" > " Got from remote - " < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "nb" > string< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > fromBytes< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "n" > conn< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > readLp< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1024< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-7" name = "__codelineno-2-7" href = "#__codelineno-2-7" > < / a > < span class = "c" > # We must close the connections ourselves when we' re done with it< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-8" name = "__codelineno-2-8" href = "#__codelineno-2-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "n" > conn< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > close< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-9" name = "__codelineno-2-9" href = "#__codelineno-2-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-10" name = "__codelineno-2-10" href = "#__codelineno-2-10" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > T< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > codecs< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "o" > @[< / span > < span class = "n" > TestCodec< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > handler< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > handle< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
This is a constructor for our < code > TestProto< / code > , that will specify our < code > codecs< / code > and a < code > handler< / code > , which will be called for each incoming peer asking for this protocol.
In our handle, we simply read a message from the connection and < code > echo< / code > it.< / p >
< p > We can now create our client part:
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-3-1" name = "__codelineno-3-1" href = "#__codelineno-3-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > proc < / span > < span class = "nf" > hello< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > p< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > TestProto< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > conn< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > Connection< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {.< / span > < span class = "n" > async< / span > < span class = "p" > .}< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-2" name = "__codelineno-3-2" href = "#__codelineno-3-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "n" > conn< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > writeLp< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " Hello p2p!" < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
Again, pretty straight-forward, we just send a message on the connection.< / p >
< p > We can now create our main procedure:
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-4-1" name = "__codelineno-4-1" href = "#__codelineno-4-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > proc < / span > < span class = "nf" > main< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > {.< / span > < span class = "n" > async< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > gcsafe< / span > < span class = "p" > .}< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-2" name = "__codelineno-4-2" href = "#__codelineno-4-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > let< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-3" name = "__codelineno-4-3" href = "#__codelineno-4-3" > < / a > < span class = "n" > rng< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > newRng< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-4" name = "__codelineno-4-4" href = "#__codelineno-4-4" > < / a > < span class = "n" > testProto< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > TestProto< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-5" name = "__codelineno-4-5" href = "#__codelineno-4-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > switch1< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > newStandardSwitch< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > rng< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > rng< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-6" name = "__codelineno-4-6" href = "#__codelineno-4-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > switch2< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > newStandardSwitch< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > rng< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > rng< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-7" name = "__codelineno-4-7" href = "#__codelineno-4-7" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-8" name = "__codelineno-4-8" href = "#__codelineno-4-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > switch1< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mount< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > testProto< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-9" name = "__codelineno-4-9" href = "#__codelineno-4-9" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-10" name = "__codelineno-4-10" href = "#__codelineno-4-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "n" > switch1< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > start< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-11" name = "__codelineno-4-11" href = "#__codelineno-4-11" > < / a > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "n" > switch2< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > start< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-12" name = "__codelineno-4-12" href = "#__codelineno-4-12" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-13" name = "__codelineno-4-13" href = "#__codelineno-4-13" > < / a > < span class = "k" > let< / span > < span class = "n" > conn< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "n" > switch2< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > dial< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > switch1< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > peerInfo< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > peerId< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > switch1< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > peerInfo< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > addrs< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > TestCodec< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-14" name = "__codelineno-4-14" href = "#__codelineno-4-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-15" name = "__codelineno-4-15" href = "#__codelineno-4-15" > < / a > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "n" > testProto< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > hello< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > conn< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-16" name = "__codelineno-4-16" href = "#__codelineno-4-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-17" name = "__codelineno-4-17" href = "#__codelineno-4-17" > < / a > < span class = "c" > # We must close the connection ourselves when we' re done with it< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-18" name = "__codelineno-4-18" href = "#__codelineno-4-18" > < / a > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "n" > conn< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > close< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-19" name = "__codelineno-4-19" href = "#__codelineno-4-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-20" name = "__codelineno-4-20" href = "#__codelineno-4-20" > < / a > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "n" > allFutures< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > switch1< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stop< / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span > < span class = "n" > switch2< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stop< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "c" > # close connections and shutdown all transports< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div > < / p >
< p > This is very similar to the first tutorial's < code > main< / code > , the only noteworthy difference is that we use < code > newStandardSwitch< / code > , which is similar to the < code > createSwitch< / code > of the first tutorial, but is bundled directly in libp2p< / p >
< p > We can now wrap our program by calling our main proc:
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-5-1" name = "__codelineno-5-1" href = "#__codelineno-5-1" > < / a > < span class = "n" > waitFor< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > main< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div > < / p >
< p > And that's it!< / p >
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