research/casper4/simulator.py

383 lines
17 KiB
Python

# NOTE: This script is totally untested and *absolutely* has bugs.
# Be warned!
# Implements Minimal Slashing Conditions and dynamic validator rotation, description here:
# https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ecFPYhe7YsKNQUAx48S8hoyK9Y4Rbe9be_lCe_vj2ek
import random
POOL_SIZE = 10
VALIDATOR_IDS = range(0, POOL_SIZE*2)
BLOCK_TIME = 100
EPOCH_LENGTH = 5
INITIAL_VALIDATORS = range(0, POOL_SIZE)
AVG_LATENCY = 250
def poisson_latency(latency):
return lambda: 1 + int(random.gammavariate(1, 1) * latency)
class Network():
def __init__(self, latency):
self.nodes = []
self.latency = latency
self.time = 0
self.msg_arrivals = {}
def broadcast(self, msg):
for i, n in enumerate(self.nodes):
delay = self.latency()
if self.time + delay not in self.msg_arrivals:
self.msg_arrivals[self.time + delay] = []
self.msg_arrivals[self.time + delay].append((i, msg))
def tick(self):
if self.time in self.msg_arrivals:
for node_index, msg in self.msg_arrivals[self.time]:
self.nodes[node_index].on_receive(msg)
del self.msg_arrivals[self.time]
for n in self.nodes:
n.tick(self.time)
self.time += 1
class Block():
def __init__(self, parent=None, finalized_dynasties=None):
self.hash = random.randrange(10**30)
# If we are genesis block, set initial values
if not parent:
self.number = 0
self.prevhash = 0
self.prev_dynasty = self.current_dynasty = Dynasty(INITIAL_VALIDATORS)
self.next_dynasty = self.generate_next_dynasty(self.current_dynasty.number)
return
# Set our block number and our prevhash
self.number = parent.number + 1
self.prevhash = parent.hash
# If the current_dynasty was finalized, generate a new dynasty
if parent.current_dynasty in finalized_dynasties:
self.prev_dynasty = parent.current_dynasty
self.current_dynasty = parent.next_dynasty
self.next_dynasty = self.generate_next_dynasty(parent.current_dynasty.number)
return
# `current_dynasty` has not yet been finalized so we don't rotate validators
self.prev_dynasty = parent.prev_dynasty
self.current_dynasty = parent.current_dynasty
self.next_dynasty = parent.next_dynasty
@property
def epoch(self):
return self.number // EPOCH_LENGTH
def generate_next_dynasty(self, prev_dynasty_number):
random.seed(self.hash)
next_dynasty = Dynasty(random.sample(VALIDATOR_IDS, POOL_SIZE), prev_dynasty_number+1)
random.seed()
return next_dynasty
class Prepare():
def __init__(self, view, _hash, view_source, sender):
self.view = view
self.hash = random.randrange(10**30)
self.blockhash = _hash
self.view_source = view_source
self.sender = sender
class Commit():
def __init__(self, view, _hash, sender):
self.view = view
self.hash = random.randrange(10**30)
self.blockhash = _hash
self.sender = sender
class Dynasty():
def __init__(self, validators, number=0):
self.validators = validators
self.number = number
def __hash__(self):
return hash(str(self.number) + str(self.validators))
def __eq__(self, other):
return (str(self.number) + str(self.validators)) == (str(other.number) + str(other.validators))
GENESIS = Block()
# Fork choice rule:
# 1. HEAD = genesis
# 2. Find the descendant with the highest number of commits
# 3. Repeat 2 until 0 commits
# 4. Longest chain rule
class Node():
def __init__(self, network, id):
# List of highest-commit descendants along with their commit counts, in oldest-to-newest order
self.checkpoints = [GENESIS.hash]
# Received blocks
self.received = {GENESIS.hash: GENESIS}
# Messages that will be processed once a given message is received
self.dependencies = {}
# Checkpoint to view source to prepare count
self.prepare_count = {}
# Checkpoints that can be committed
self.committable = {}
# Commits for any given checkpoint
# Genesis is an immutable start of the chain
self.commits = {GENESIS.hash: INITIAL_VALIDATORS}
# Set of finalized dynasties
self.finalized_dynasties = set()
self.finalized_dynasties.add(Dynasty(INITIAL_VALIDATORS))
# My current epoch
self.current_epoch = 0
# My highest committed epoch and hash
self.highest_committed_epoch = -1
self.highest_committed_hash = GENESIS.hash
# Network I am connected to
self.network = network
network.nodes.append(self)
# Longest tail from each checkpoint
self.tails = {GENESIS.hash: GENESIS}
# Tail that each block belongs to
self.tail_membership = {GENESIS.hash: GENESIS.hash}
# This node's ID
self.id = id
@property
def head(self):
latest_checkpoint = self.checkpoints[-1]
latest_block = self.tails[latest_checkpoint]
return latest_block
# Get the checkpoint immediately before a given checkpoint
def get_checkpoint_parent(self, block):
if block.number == 0:
return None
return self.received[self.tail_membership[block.prevhash]]
# If we received an object but did not receive some dependencies
# needed to process it, save it to be processed later
def add_dependency(self, _hash, obj):
if _hash not in self.dependencies:
self.dependencies[_hash] = []
self.dependencies[_hash].append(obj)
# Is a given checkpoint an ancestor of another given checkpoint?
def is_ancestor(self, anc, desc):
if not isinstance(anc, Block):
anc = self.received[anc]
if not isinstance(desc, Block):
desc = self.received[desc]
assert anc.number % EPOCH_LENGTH == 0
assert desc.number % EPOCH_LENGTH == 0
while True:
if desc is None:
return False
if desc.hash == anc.hash:
return True
desc = self.get_checkpoint_parent(desc)
def get_last_committed_checkpoint(self):
z = len(self.checkpoints) - 1
while self.score_checkpoint(self.received[self.checkpoints[z]]) < 1:
z -= 1
return self.checkpoints[z]
# Called on receiving a block
def accept_block(self, block):
# If we didn't receive the block's parent yet, wait
if block.prevhash not in self.received:
self.add_dependency(block.prevhash, block)
return False
# We recived the block
self.received[block.hash] = block
# print(self.id, 'got a block', block.number, block.hash)
# If it's an epoch block (in general)
if block.number % EPOCH_LENGTH == 0:
# Start a tail object for it
self.tail_membership[block.hash] = block.hash
self.tails[block.hash] = block
# Otherwise...
else:
# See if it's part of the longest tail, if so set the tail accordingly
assert block.prevhash in self.received
assert block.prevhash in self.tail_membership
self.tail_membership[block.hash] = self.tail_membership[block.prevhash]
if block.number > self.tails[self.tail_membership[block.hash]].number:
self.tails[self.tail_membership[block.hash]] = block
self.check_checkpoints(self.received[self.tail_membership[block.hash]])
self.maybe_prepare_last_checkpoint()
return True
def maybe_prepare_last_checkpoint(self):
target_block = self.received[self.checkpoints[-1]]
# If the block is an epoch block of a higher epoch than what we've seen so far
if target_block.epoch > self.current_epoch:
print('now in epoch %d' % target_block.epoch)
# Increment our epoch
self.current_epoch = target_block.epoch
# If our highest committed hash is in the main chain (in most cases
# it should be), then send a prepare
last_committed_checkpoint = self.get_last_committed_checkpoint()
if self.is_ancestor(self.highest_committed_hash, last_committed_checkpoint):
print('Preparing %d for epoch %d with view source %d' %
(target_block.hash, target_block.epoch, self.received[last_committed_checkpoint].epoch))
self.network.broadcast(Prepare(target_block.epoch, target_block.hash, self.received[last_committed_checkpoint].epoch, self.id))
assert self.received[target_block.hash]
# Pick a checkpoint by number of commits first, epoch number
# (ie. longest chain rule) second
def score_checkpoint(self, block):
# Only count current_dynasty commits for the checkpoint score
number_of_commits = len(list(set(block.current_dynasty.validators) & set(self.commits.get(block.hash, []))))
return number_of_commits + 0.000000001 * self.tails[block.hash].number
# See if a given epoch block requires us to reorganize our checkpoint list
def check_checkpoints(self, block):
# Is this hash already in our main chain? Then do nothing
if block.hash in self.checkpoints:
# prev_checkpoint = self.received[self.checkpoints[self.checkpoints.index(block.hash) - 1]]
# if score_checkpoint(block) < score_checkpoint(prev_checkpoint):
return
# Figure out how many of our checkpoints we need to revert
z = len(self.checkpoints) - 1
new_score = self.score_checkpoint(block)
while new_score > self.score_checkpoint(self.received[self.checkpoints[z]]):
z -= 1
# If none, do nothing
if z == len(self.checkpoints) - 1 and block.number <= self.received[self.checkpoints[z-1]].number:
return
# Delete the checkpoints that need to be superseded
self.checkpoints = self.checkpoints[:z + 1]
# Re-run the fork choice rule
while 1:
# Find the descendant with the highest score (commits first, epoch second)
max_score = 0
max_descendant = None
for _hash in self.tails:
if self.is_ancestor(self.checkpoints[-1], _hash) and _hash != self.checkpoints[-1]:
new_score = self.score_checkpoint(self.received[_hash])
if new_score > max_score:
max_score = new_score
max_descendant = _hash
# Append to the chain that checkpoint, and all checkpoints between the
# last checkpoint and the new one
if max_descendant:
new_chain = [max_descendant]
while new_chain[0] != self.checkpoints[-1]:
new_chain.insert(0, self.get_checkpoint_parent(self.received[new_chain[0]]).hash)
self.checkpoints.extend(new_chain[1:])
# If there were no suitable descendants found, break
else:
break
print('New checkpoints: %r' % [self.received[b].epoch for b in self.checkpoints])
# Called on receiving a prepare message
def accept_prepare(self, prepare):
if self.id == 0:
print('got a prepare', prepare.view, prepare.view_source, prepare.blockhash, prepare.blockhash in self.received)
# If the block has not yet been received, wait
if prepare.blockhash not in self.received:
self.add_dependency(prepare.blockhash, prepare)
return False
# If the sender is not in it's corresponding dynasty, ignore the prepare
if prepare.sender not in self.received[prepare.blockhash].current_dynasty.validators and \
prepare.sender not in self.received[prepare.blockhash].prev_dynasty.validators:
return False
# Add to the prepare count
if prepare.blockhash not in self.prepare_count:
self.prepare_count[prepare.blockhash] = {}
self.prepare_count[prepare.blockhash][prepare.view_source] = self.prepare_count[prepare.blockhash].get(prepare.view_source, 0) + 1
# If there are enough prepares and the previous dynasty is finalized...
if self.prepare_count[prepare.blockhash][prepare.view_source] > (POOL_SIZE * 2) // 3 and \
self.received[prepare.blockhash].prev_dynasty in self.finalized_dynasties and \
prepare.blockhash not in self.committable:
# Mark it as committable
self.committable[prepare.blockhash] = True
# Start counting commits
self.commits[prepare.blockhash] = []
# If there are dependencies (ie. commits that arrived before there
# were enough prepares), since there are now enough prepares we
# can process them
if "commit:"+str(prepare.blockhash) in self.dependencies:
for c in self.dependencies["commit:"+str(prepare.blockhash)]:
self.accept_commit(c)
del self.dependencies["commit:"+str(prepare.blockhash)]
# Broadcast a commit
if self.current_epoch == prepare.view:
self.network.broadcast(Commit(prepare.view, prepare.blockhash, self.id))
print('Committing %d for epoch %d' % (prepare.blockhash, prepare.view))
self.highest_committed_epoch = prepare.view
self.highest_committed_hash = prepare.blockhash
self.current_epoch = prepare.view + 0.5
return True
# Called on receiving a commit message
def accept_commit(self, commit):
if self.id == 0:
print('got a commmit', commit.view, commit.blockhash, commit.blockhash in self.received, commit.blockhash in self.committable)
# If the block has not yet been received, wait
if commit.blockhash not in self.received:
self.add_dependency(commit.blockhash, commit)
return False
# If the sender is not in it's corresponding dynasty, ignore the commit
if commit.sender not in self.received[commit.blockhash].current_dynasty.validators and \
commit.sender not in self.received[commit.blockhash].prev_dynasty.validators:
return False
# If there have not yet been enough prepares, wait
if commit.blockhash not in self.committable:
self.add_dependency("commit:"+str(commit.blockhash), commit)
return False
# Add the commit by recording the sender
self.commits[commit.blockhash].append(commit.sender)
# Check if the block is finalized
current_dynasty_commits = list(set(self.received[commit.blockhash].current_dynasty.validators) & set(self.commits[commit.blockhash]))
prev_dynasty_commits = list(set(self.received[commit.blockhash].prev_dynasty.validators) & set(self.commits[commit.blockhash]))
if len(current_dynasty_commits) > (POOL_SIZE * 2) // 3 and len(prev_dynasty_commits) > (POOL_SIZE * 2) // 3:
# Because the block has been finalized let's record its dynasty as finalized
finalized_dynasty = self.received[commit.blockhash].current_dynasty
self.finalized_dynasties.add(finalized_dynasty)
print('Finalizing dynasty number %d for block number %d' %
(finalized_dynasty.number, self.received[commit.blockhash].number))
# Update the checkpoints if needed
self.check_checkpoints(self.received[commit.blockhash])
return True
# Called on receiving any object
def on_receive(self, obj):
if obj.hash in self.received:
return False
if isinstance(obj, Block):
o = self.accept_block(obj)
elif isinstance(obj, Prepare):
o = self.accept_prepare(obj)
elif isinstance(obj, Commit):
o = self.accept_commit(obj)
# If the object was successfully processed
# (ie. not flagged as having unsatisfied dependencies)
if o:
self.received[obj.hash] = obj
if obj.hash in self.dependencies:
for d in self.dependencies[obj.hash]:
self.on_receive(d)
del self.dependencies[obj.hash]
# Called every round
def tick(self, _time):
if self.id == (_time // BLOCK_TIME) % POOL_SIZE and _time % BLOCK_TIME == 0:
new_block = Block(self.head, self.finalized_dynasties)
self.network.broadcast(new_block)
self.on_receive(new_block)
network = Network(poisson_latency(AVG_LATENCY))
nodes = [Node(network, i) for i in VALIDATOR_IDS]
for t in range(25000):
network.tick()
if t % 1000 == 999:
print('Heads:', [n.head.number for n in nodes])
print('Checkpoints:', nodes[0].checkpoints)
print('Commits:', [nodes[0].commits.get(c, 0) for c in nodes[0].checkpoints])
print('Finalized Dynasties:', nodes[0].finalized_dynasties)
print('Current Dynasties:', [(i, node.tails[node.checkpoints[-1]].current_dynasty.number) for i, node in enumerate(nodes)])