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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Principles}{1}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Principles}{1}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Introduction, Protocol I}{2}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Introduction, Protocol I}{2}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Proof Sketch of Safety and Plausible Liveness}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Proof Sketch of Safety and Plausible Liveness}{4}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Fork Choice Rule}{5}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Fork Choice Rule}{6}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Dynamic Validator Sets}{7}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Dynamic Validator Sets}{7}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Mass Crash Failure Recovery}{8}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Mass Crash Failure Recovery}{9}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Conclusions}{10}}
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\bibstyle{abbrv}
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\bibstyle{abbrv}
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\bibdata{main}
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\bibdata{main}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Conclusions}{10}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}References}{11}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}References}{10}}
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This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.16 (TeX Live 2015/Debian) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2017.6.27) 17 AUG 2017 16:44
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This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.16 (TeX Live 2015/Debian) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2017.6.27) 20 AUG 2017 04:48
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@ -178,58 +178,64 @@ Overfull \hbox (29.12628pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 30--31
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[]\OT1/cmr/m/n/12 This gives sub-stan-tial gains in im-ple-men-ta-tion sim-plic
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-ity, be-cause it means
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[]\OT1/cmr/bx/n/12 NO[]DBL[]PREPARE\OT1/cmr/m/n/12 : a val-ida-tor can-not pre-
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[]\OT1/cmr/bx/n/12 NO[]DBL[]PREPARE\OT1/cmr/m/n/12 : a val-ida-tor can-not pre-
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pare two dif-fer-ent check-
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pare two dif-fer-ent check-
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<conflicting_checkpoints.png, id=25, 634.37pt x 403.5075pt>
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[4] <conflicting_checkpoints.png, id=28, 634.37pt x 403.5075pt>
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File: conflicting_checkpoints.png Graphic file (type png)
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[4] [5 <./conflicting_checkpoints.png>]
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<fork_choice_rule.jpeg, id=33, 707.64375pt x 442.65375pt>
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ In the Casper protocol, there exists a set of validators, and in each \textit{ep
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\includegraphics[width=400px]{prepares_commits.png}
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An \textit{epoch} is a period of 100 epochs; epoch $n$ begins at block $n * 100$ and ends at block $n * 100 + 99$. A \textit{checkpoint for epoch $n$} is a block with number $n * 100 - 1$; in a smoothly running blockchain there will usually be only one checkpoint per epoch, but due to natural network latency or deliberate attacks there may be multiple competing checkpoints during some epochs. The \textit{parent checkpoint} of a checkpoint is the 100th ancestor of the checkpoint block, and an \textit{ancestor checkpoint} of a checkpoint is either the parent checkpoint, or an ancestor checkpoint of the parent checkpoint.
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An \textit{epoch} is a period of 100 blocks; epoch $n$ begins at block $n * 100$ and ends at block $n * 100 + 99$. A \textit{checkpoint for epoch $n$} is a block with number $n * 100 - 1$; in a smoothly running blockchain there will usually be only one checkpoint per epoch, but due to natural network latency or deliberate attacks there may be multiple competing checkpoints during some epochs. The \textit{parent checkpoint} of a checkpoint is the 100th ancestor of the checkpoint block, and an \textit{ancestor checkpoint} of a checkpoint is either the parent checkpoint, or an ancestor checkpoint of the parent checkpoint.
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We define the \textit{ancestry hash} of a checkpoint as follows:
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We define the \textit{ancestry hash} of a checkpoint as follows:
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