diff --git a/papers/pricing/ethpricing.bib b/papers/pricing/ethpricing.bib index 845fbb3..eb170fe 100644 --- a/papers/pricing/ethpricing.bib +++ b/papers/pricing/ethpricing.bib @@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ -@techreport{ibm2011, +@misc{ibm2011, title = {GPFS Scans 10 Billion Files in 43 Minutes}, - author = {Richard F. Freitas, Joe Slember, Wayne Sawdon, and Lawrence Chiu}, + author = {Richard F. Freitas, Joe Slember, Wayne Sawdon and Lawrence Chiu}, year = {2011}, institution = {IBM}, month = {07}, @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ author={Kyle Croman, Christian Decker, Ittay Eyal, Adem Efe Gencer, Ari Juels}, Year={2017}, Booktitle={3rd Workshop on Bitcoin and Blockchain Research}, - Organization={International Financial Cryptography Association} + Organization={International Financial Cryptography Association}, url={http://fc16.ifca.ai/bitcoin/papers/CDE+16.pdf} } @@ -557,21 +557,21 @@ Year = {2017}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://metrics.torproject.org/hidserv-dir-onions-seen.html}} -@article{li2018, +@misc{li2018, Author = {Shengwu Li, Mohammad Akbarpour}, Title = {Credible Mechanisms}, Year = {2018}, Url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=3033208} } -@article{rothkopf2007, +@misc{rothkopf2007, Author = {Michael H Rothkopf}, Title = {Thirteen Reasons Whythe Vickrey-Clarke-Groves Process Is Not Practical}, Url = {https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~klarson/teaching/F08-886/Rothkopf.pdf}, Year = {2007} } -@article{poa-in-auctions, +@misc{poa-in-auctions, Author = {Tim Roughgarden, Vasilis Syrgkanis, Eva Tardoa}, Title = {The Price of Anarchy in Auctions}, Url = {https://theory.stanford.edu/~tim/papers/jair.pdf}, @@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ @misc{fee-estimation, Author = {Alyssa Hertig}, - Title = {How to Save on Bitcoin's Soaring Fees} + Title = {How to Save on Bitcoin's Soaring Fees}, Url = {https://www.coindesk.com/save-bitcoins-soaring-fees/}, Year = {2018} } @@ -597,3 +597,11 @@ Year = {2018}, Author = {Project Chicago} } + +@misc{GHOST, + Url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.433.6590&rep=rep1&type=pdf}, + Year = {2013}, + Author = {Yonatan Sompolinsky, Aviv Zohar}, + Title = {Accelerating Bitcoin's Transaction Processing: Fast Money Grows on Trees, Not Chains} +} + diff --git a/papers/pricing/ethpricing.pdf b/papers/pricing/ethpricing.pdf index c5f2efb..1c80251 100644 Binary files a/papers/pricing/ethpricing.pdf and b/papers/pricing/ethpricing.pdf differ diff --git a/papers/pricing/ethpricing.tex b/papers/pricing/ethpricing.tex index e6a66d8..238554a 100644 --- a/papers/pricing/ethpricing.tex +++ b/papers/pricing/ethpricing.tex @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ We now propose an alternate resource pricing/limit rule that we believe provides \item In any particular block, let $w_{prev}$ be the amount of weight consumed in the previous block, and $minFee_{prev}$ be the previous block's $minFee$ value. See $minFee$ for this block to equal $minFee_{prev} * (1 + (\frac{w_{prev}}{w_{newmax}} - \frac{1}{2}) * adjSpeed$. \end{itemize} -This rule is likely to outperform simple limits in terms of allocative efficiency for the reasons cited above, and also (except during sudden and extreme spikes) eliminates the issues with first and second price auctions described above. \footnote{In the specific case of storage pricing, a quirk in Ethereum gas pricing rules that allows storage to be (mostly) paid for before it is actually used allows for second-layer markets like GasToken\cite{GasToken} where gas can be burned to generate ``congealed storage use privileges'', which can then be used later. The possibility of doing this unintentionally creates efficiency gains similar to those described here.} +This rule is likely to outperform simple limits in terms of allocative efficiency for the reasons cited above, and also (except during sudden and extreme spikes) eliminates the issues with first and second price auctions described above. \footnote{In the specific case of storage pricing, a quirk in Ethereum gas pricing rules that allows storage to be (mostly) paid for before it is actually used allows for second-layer markets like GasToken\cite{gastoken} where gas can be burned to generate ``congealed storage use privileges'', which can then be used later. The possibility of doing this unintentionally creates efficiency gains similar to those described here.} As a philosophical note, complex gas and fee policies are often criticized as being a form of economic ``central planning'', which is frowned upon because planners may not have aligned incentives and have less information than participants closer to the day-to-day economic activity. That said, note that \emph{any} transaction pricing policy, whether fee-based or limit-based, necessarily has centrally planned parameters. I would argue that the correct way to apply the Hayekian anti-central-planning intuition is to treat it as saying that central plans are less bad if those plans have \emph{lower Kolmogorov complexity}, a simple strict weight limit being an ideal example. diff --git a/papers/pricing/plos2009.bst b/papers/pricing/plos2009.bst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b1667a --- /dev/null +++ b/papers/pricing/plos2009.bst @@ -0,0 +1,1330 @@ +%% +%% This is file `PLoS.bst', +%% generated with the docstrip utility. +%% +%% The original source files were: +%% +%% merlin.mbs (with options: `annote,seq-no,nm-rvx,ed-rev,jnrlst,nmlm,x5,m5,dt-beg,yr-par,xmth,yrp-x,jxper,jttl-rm,vnum-x,pp-last,num-xser,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,pg-bk,add-pub,pre-pub,doi,in-col,pp,xedn,jabr,xand,eprint,url,url-blk,nfss,') +%% ---------------------------------------- +%% *** This works for PLoS (as of October. 2008) *** +%% **** Updated Oct. 2008 by JZR +%% +%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly + % =============================================================== + % IMPORTANT NOTICE: + % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or + % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above. + % + % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms + % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN + % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either + % version 1 of the License, or any later version. + % =============================================================== + % Name and version information of the main mbs file: + % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2004/02/09 4.13 (PWD, AO, DPC)] + % For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later + %------------------------------------------------------------------- + % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH + % This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX. + % It requires no extra package to interface to the main text. + % The form of the \bibitem entries is + % \bibitem{key}... + % Usage of \cite is as follows: + % \cite{key} ==>> [#] + % \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2] + % where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list. + % The order in the reference list is that by which the works were originally + % cited in the text, or that in the database. + %--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +ENTRY + { address + annote + archive + author + booktitle + chapter + doi + edition + editor + eid + eprint + howpublished + institution + journal + key + month + note + number + organization + pages + publisher + school + series + title + type + url + volume + year + } + {} + { label } +INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block } +FUNCTION {init.state.consts} +{ #0 'before.all := + #1 'mid.sentence := + #2 'after.sentence := + #3 'after.block := +} +STRINGS { s t} +FUNCTION {output.nonnull} +{ 's := + output.state mid.sentence = + { ", " * write$ } + { output.state after.block = + { add.period$ write$ + newline$ + "\newblock " write$ + } + { output.state before.all = + 'write$ + { add.period$ " " * write$ } + if$ + } + if$ + mid.sentence 'output.state := + } + if$ + s +} +FUNCTION {output} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + 'pop$ + 'output.nonnull + if$ +} +FUNCTION {output.check} +{ 't := + duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ } + 'output.nonnull + if$ +} +FUNCTION {fin.entry} +{ add.period$ + write$ + newline$ + annote missing$ + { "\bibAnnoteFile{" cite$ * "}" * write$ newline$ } + { "\bibAnnote{" cite$ * "}{" * annote * "}" * write$ newline$ + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {new.block} +{ output.state before.all = + 'skip$ + { after.block 'output.state := } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {new.sentence} +{ output.state after.block = + 'skip$ + { output.state before.all = + 'skip$ + { after.sentence 'output.state := } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {add.blank} +{ " " * before.all 'output.state := +} + +FUNCTION {date.block} +{ + add.blank +} + +FUNCTION {not} +{ { #0 } + { #1 } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {and} +{ 'skip$ + { pop$ #0 } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {or} +{ { pop$ #1 } + 'skip$ + if$ +} +STRINGS {z} +FUNCTION {remove.dots} +{ 'z := + "" + { z empty$ not } + { z #1 #1 substring$ + z #2 global.max$ substring$ 'z := + duplicate$ "." = 'pop$ + { * } + if$ + } + while$ +} +FUNCTION {new.block.checka} +{ empty$ + 'skip$ + 'new.block + if$ +} +FUNCTION {new.block.checkb} +{ empty$ + swap$ empty$ + and + 'skip$ + 'new.block + if$ +} +FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka} +{ empty$ + 'skip$ + 'new.sentence + if$ +} +FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb} +{ empty$ + swap$ empty$ + and + 'skip$ + 'new.sentence + if$ +} +FUNCTION {field.or.null} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + 'skip$ + if$ +} +FUNCTION {emphasize} +{ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "" } + { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix} +{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 < + { "~" } + { " " } + if$ + swap$ +} + +FUNCTION {capitalize} +{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ } + +FUNCTION {space.word} +{ " " swap$ * " " * } + % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words. + % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word. + % The language selected here is ENGLISH +FUNCTION {bbl.and} +{ "and"} + +FUNCTION {bbl.etal} +{ "et~al." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.editors} +{ "editors" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.editor} +{ "editor" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.edby} +{ "edited by" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.edition} +{ "edition" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.volume} +{ "volume" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.of} +{ "of" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.number} +{ "number" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.nr} +{ "no." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.in} +{ "in" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.pages} +{ "pp." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.page} +{ "p." } + +FUNCTION {bbl.chapter} +{ "chapter" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.techrep} +{ "Technical Report" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis} +{ "Master's thesis" } + +FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis} +{ "Ph.D. thesis" } + +MACRO {jan} {"January"} + +MACRO {feb} {"February"} + +MACRO {mar} {"March"} + +MACRO {apr} {"April"} + +MACRO {may} {"May"} + +MACRO {jun} {"June"} + +MACRO {jul} {"July"} + +MACRO {aug} {"August"} + +MACRO {sep} {"September"} + +MACRO {oct} {"October"} + +MACRO {nov} {"November"} + +MACRO {dec} {"December"} + +MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."} + +MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."} + +MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"} + +MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."} + +MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."} + +MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."} + +MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."} + +MACRO {ieeetcad} + {"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des."} + +MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."} + +MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"} + +MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."} + +MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."} + +MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."} + +MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."} + +MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."} + +MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphic."} + +MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Software"} + +MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."} + +MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst."} + +MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."} + +FUNCTION {bibinfo.check} +{ swap$ + duplicate$ missing$ + { + pop$ pop$ + "" + } + { duplicate$ empty$ + { + swap$ pop$ + } + { swap$ + pop$ + } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn} +{ swap$ + duplicate$ missing$ + { + swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$ + "" + } + { duplicate$ empty$ + { + swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ + } + { swap$ + pop$ + } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.eprint} +{ eprint duplicate$ empty$ + 'skip$ + { "\eprint" + archive empty$ + 'skip$ + { "[" * archive * "]" * } + if$ + "{" * swap$ * "}" * + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.url} +{ url empty$ + { "" } + { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * } + if$ +} + +STRINGS { bibinfo} +INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames } + +FUNCTION {format.names} +{ 'bibinfo := + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ { + 's := + "" 't := + #1 'nameptr := + s num.names$ 'numnames := + numnames 'namesleft := + { namesleft #0 > } + { s nameptr + "{vv~}{ll}{ f{}}{ jj}" + format.name$ + remove.dots + bibinfo bibinfo.check + 't := + nameptr #1 > + { + nameptr #5 + #1 + = + numnames #5 + > and + { "others" 't := + #1 'namesleft := } + 'skip$ + if$ + namesleft #1 > + { ", " * t * } + { + "," * + s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" = + { 't := } + { pop$ } + if$ + t "others" = + { + " " * bbl.etal * + } + { " " * t * } + if$ + } + if$ + } + 't + if$ + nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := + namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := + } + while$ + } if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.names.ed} +{ + format.names +} +FUNCTION {format.authors} +{ author "author" format.names +} +FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor} +{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ } + +FUNCTION {format.editors} +{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + "," * + " " * + get.bbl.editor + * + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.book.pages} +{ pages "pages" bibinfo.check + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { " " * bbl.pages * } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.doi} +{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + new.block + "\doi{" swap$ * "}" * + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.note} +{ + note empty$ + { "" } + { note #1 #1 substring$ + duplicate$ "{" = + 'skip$ + { output.state mid.sentence = + { "l" } + { "u" } + if$ + change.case$ + } + if$ + note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.title} +{ title + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { "t" change.case$ } + if$ + "title" bibinfo.check +} +FUNCTION {output.bibitem} +{ newline$ + "\bibitem{" write$ + cite$ write$ + "}" write$ + newline$ + "" + before.all 'output.state := +} + +FUNCTION {n.dashify} +{ + 't := + "" + { t empty$ not } + { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = + { t #1 #2 substring$ "-" = not + %{ "--" * + { "-" * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = } + { "-" * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + while$ + } + if$ + } + { t #1 #1 substring$ * + t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := + } + if$ + } + while$ +} + +FUNCTION {word.in} +{ bbl.in capitalize + ":" * + " " * } + +FUNCTION {format.date} +{ + "" + duplicate$ empty$ + year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ + { swap$ 'skip$ + { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ } + if$ + * + } + { swap$ 'skip$ + { + swap$ + " " * swap$ + } + if$ + * + } + if$ + duplicate$ empty$ + 'skip$ + { + before.all 'output.state := + " (" swap$ * ")" * + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.btitle} +{ title "title" bibinfo.check + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {either.or.check} +{ empty$ + 'pop$ + { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.bvolume} +{ volume empty$ + { "" } + { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix + "volume" bibinfo.check * * + series "series" bibinfo.check + duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$ + { swap$ bbl.of space.word * swap$ + emphasize * } + if$ + "volume and number" number either.or.check + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.number.series} +{ volume empty$ + { number empty$ + { series field.or.null } + { series empty$ + { number "number" bibinfo.check } + { output.state mid.sentence = + { bbl.number } + { bbl.number capitalize } + if$ + number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * * + bbl.in space.word * + series "series" bibinfo.check * + } + if$ + } + if$ + } + { "" } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.edition} +{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + output.state mid.sentence = + { "l" } + { "t" } + if$ change.case$ + "edition" bibinfo.check + " " * bbl.edition * + } + if$ +} +INTEGERS { multiresult } +FUNCTION {multi.page.check} +{ 't := + #0 'multiresult := + { multiresult not + t empty$ not + and + } + { t #1 #1 substring$ + duplicate$ "-" = + swap$ duplicate$ "," = + swap$ "+" = + or or + { #1 'multiresult := } + { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := } + if$ + } + while$ + multiresult +} +FUNCTION {format.pages} +{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { duplicate$ multi.page.check + { + bbl.pages swap$ + n.dashify + } + { + bbl.page swap$ + } + if$ + tie.or.space.prefix + "pages" bibinfo.check + * * + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.journal.pages} +{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$ + { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ pop$ format.pages } + { + ": " * + swap$ + n.dashify + "pages" bibinfo.check + * + } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.journal.eid} +{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check + duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$ + { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + ": " * + } + if$ + swap$ * + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages} +{ volume field.or.null + duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + "volume" bibinfo.check + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages} +{ chapter empty$ + { "" } + { type empty$ + { bbl.chapter } + { type "l" change.case$ + "type" bibinfo.check + } + if$ + chapter tie.or.space.prefix + "chapter" bibinfo.check + * * + } + if$ +} + +FUNCTION {format.booktitle} +{ + booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check +} +FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle} +{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ + { + editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$ + { + "," * + " " * + get.bbl.editor + ", " * + * swap$ + * } + if$ + word.in swap$ * + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {empty.misc.check} +{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$ + month empty$ year empty$ note empty$ + and and and and and + { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ } + 'skip$ + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.thesis.type} +{ type duplicate$ empty$ + 'pop$ + { swap$ pop$ + "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.tr.number} +{ number "number" bibinfo.check + type duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ bbl.techrep } + 'skip$ + if$ + "type" bibinfo.check + swap$ duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ "t" change.case$ } + { tie.or.space.prefix * * } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.article.crossref} +{ + key duplicate$ empty$ + { pop$ + journal duplicate$ empty$ + { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ } + { "journal" bibinfo.check emphasize word.in swap$ * } + if$ + } + { word.in swap$ * " " *} + if$ + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} +FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor} +{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ + "editor" bibinfo.check + editor num.names$ duplicate$ + #2 > + { pop$ + "editor" bibinfo.check + " " * bbl.etal + * + } + { #2 < + 'skip$ + { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" = + { + "editor" bibinfo.check + " " * bbl.etal + * + } + { + bbl.and space.word + * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ + "editor" bibinfo.check + * + } + if$ + } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.book.crossref} +{ volume duplicate$ empty$ + { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$ + pop$ word.in + } + { bbl.volume + capitalize + swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word * + } + if$ + editor empty$ + editor field.or.null author field.or.null = + or + { key empty$ + { series empty$ + { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " * + crossref * warning$ + "" * + } + { series emphasize * } + if$ + } + { key * } + if$ + } + { format.crossref.editor * } + if$ + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} +FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref} +{ + editor empty$ + editor field.or.null author field.or.null = + or + { key empty$ + { format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ + { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " * + crossref * warning$ + } + { word.in swap$ * } + if$ + } + { word.in key * " " *} + if$ + } + { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *} + if$ + " \cite{" * crossref * "}" * +} +FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub} +{ 't := + "" + address empty$ t empty$ and + 'skip$ + { + address "address" bibinfo.check * + t empty$ + 'skip$ + { address empty$ + 'skip$ + { ": " * } + if$ + t * + } + if$ + } + if$ +} +FUNCTION {format.publisher.address} +{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub +} + +FUNCTION {format.organization.address} +{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub +} + +FUNCTION {article} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + crossref missing$ + { + journal + remove.dots + "journal" bibinfo.check + "journal" output.check + add.blank + format.vol.num.pages output + } + { format.article.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + eid empty$ + { format.journal.pages } + { format.journal.eid } + if$ +% format.doi output +% new.block +% format.url output +% new.block +% format.note output +% format.eprint output + fin.entry +} +FUNCTION {book} +{ output.bibitem + author empty$ + { format.editors "author and editor" output.check + } + { format.authors output.nonnull + crossref missing$ + { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + if$ + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.btitle "title" output.check + crossref missing$ + { format.bvolume output + new.block + format.number.series output + new.sentence + format.publisher.address output + } + { + new.block + format.book.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.edition output + format.book.pages output + format.doi output + new.block + format.url output + new.block + format.note output + format.eprint output + fin.entry +} +FUNCTION {booklet} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors output + format.date output + date.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + format.book.pages output + format.doi output + new.block + format.url output + new.block + format.note output + format.eprint output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {inbook} +{ output.bibitem + author empty$ + { format.editors "author and editor" output.check + } + { format.authors output.nonnull + crossref missing$ + { "author and editor" editor either.or.check } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + if$ + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.btitle "title" output.check + crossref missing$ + { + format.publisher.address output + format.bvolume output + format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check + new.block + format.number.series output + new.sentence + } + { + format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check + new.block + format.book.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.edition output + format.pages "pages" output.check + format.doi output + new.block + format.url output + new.block + format.note output + format.eprint output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {incollection} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + crossref missing$ + { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check + format.publisher.address output + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + format.chapter.pages output + new.sentence + format.edition output + } + { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull + format.chapter.pages output + } + if$ + format.pages "pages" output.check + format.doi output + new.block + format.url output + new.block + format.note output + format.eprint output + fin.entry +} +FUNCTION {inproceedings} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.title "title" output.check + new.block + crossref missing$ + { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check + new.sentence + publisher empty$ + { format.organization.address output } + { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output + format.publisher.address output + } + if$ + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + } + { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull + } + if$ + format.pages "pages" output.check + format.doi output + new.block + format.url output + new.block + format.note output + format.eprint output + fin.entry +} +FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings } +FUNCTION {manual} +{ output.bibitem + author empty$ + { organization "organization" bibinfo.check + duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$ + { output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + } + if$ + } + { format.authors output.nonnull } + if$ + format.date output + date.block + format.btitle "title" output.check + author empty$ + { organization empty$ + { + address new.block.checka + address "address" bibinfo.check output + } + 'skip$ + if$ + } + { + organization address new.block.checkb + organization "organization" bibinfo.check output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + } + if$ + format.edition output + format.doi output + new.block + format.url output + new.block + format.note output + format.eprint output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {mastersthesis} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.btitle + "title" output.check + new.block + bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull + school "school" bibinfo.warn output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + format.doi output + new.block + format.url output + new.block + format.note output + format.eprint output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {misc} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors output + format.date output + title howpublished new.block.checkb + format.title output + howpublished new.block.checka + howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output + format.doi output + new.block + format.url output + new.block + format.note output + format.eprint output + fin.entry + empty.misc.check +} +FUNCTION {phdthesis} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.btitle + "title" output.check + new.block + bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull + school "school" bibinfo.warn output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + format.doi output + new.block + format.url output + new.block + format.note output + format.eprint output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {proceedings} +{ output.bibitem + editor empty$ + { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output + } + { format.editors output.nonnull } + if$ + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.btitle "title" output.check + format.bvolume output + format.number.series output + editor empty$ + { publisher empty$ + 'skip$ + { + new.sentence + format.publisher.address output + } + if$ + } + { publisher empty$ + { + new.sentence + format.organization.address output } + { + new.sentence + organization "organization" bibinfo.check output + format.publisher.address output + } + if$ + } + if$ + format.doi output + new.block + format.url output + new.block + format.note output + format.eprint output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {techreport} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + format.date "year" output.check + date.block + format.title + "title" output.check + new.block + format.tr.number output.nonnull + institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output + address "address" bibinfo.check output + format.doi output + new.block + format.url output + new.block + format.note output + format.eprint output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {unpublished} +{ output.bibitem + format.authors "author" output.check + format.date output + date.block + format.title "title" output.check + format.doi output + new.block + format.url output + new.block + format.note "note" output.check + format.eprint output + fin.entry +} + +FUNCTION {default.type} { misc } +READ +STRINGS { longest.label } +INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width } +FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label} +{ "" 'longest.label := + #1 'number.label := + #0 'longest.label.width := +} +FUNCTION {longest.label.pass} +{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label := + number.label #1 + 'number.label := + label width$ longest.label.width > + { label 'longest.label := + label width$ 'longest.label.width := + } + 'skip$ + if$ +} +EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label} +ITERATE {longest.label.pass} +FUNCTION {begin.bib} +{ preamble$ empty$ + 'skip$ + { preamble$ write$ newline$ } + if$ + "\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label * "}" * + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }" + write$ newline$ + "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax" + write$ newline$ + " \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else" + write$ newline$ + " \providecommand{\doi}{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\bibAnnoteFile}[1]{%" + write$ newline$ + " \IfFileExists{#1}{\begin{quotation}\noindent\textsc{Key:} #1\\" + write$ newline$ + " \textsc{Annotation:}\ \input{#1}\end{quotation}}{}}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\bibAnnote}[2]{%" + write$ newline$ + " \begin{quotation}\noindent\textsc{Key:} #1\\" + write$ newline$ + " \textsc{Annotation:}\ #2\end{quotation}}" + write$ newline$ + "\providecommand{\eprint}[2][]{\url{#2}}" + write$ newline$ +} +EXECUTE {begin.bib} +EXECUTE {init.state.consts} +ITERATE {call.type$} +FUNCTION {end.bib} +{ newline$ + "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$ +} +EXECUTE {end.bib} +%% End of customized bst file +%% +%% End of file `PLoS.bst'.