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Added sharding support

This commit is contained in:
Vitalik Buterin 2018-04-30 14:23:19 -04:00
parent a6ac964720
commit 9d2443162b
2 changed files with 164 additions and 110 deletions
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228
beacon/beacon_chain_node.py
View File

@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ SKIP_TS_DIFF = 6
SAMPLE = 9
MIN_SAMPLE = 5
POWDIFF = 30 * NOTARIES
SHARDS = 4
def checkpow(work, nonce):
# Discrete log PoW, lolz
@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ class BeaconBlock():
self.ts = ts
self.sigs = sigs
self.number = parent.number + 1 if parent else 0
self.main_chain_ref = main_chain_ref if main_chain_ref else parent.main_chain_ref
self.main_chain_ref = main_chain_ref.hash if main_chain_ref else parent.main_chain_ref
if parent:
i = parent.child_proposers.index(proposer)
@ -78,6 +79,13 @@ class BeaconBlock():
self.notaries.append(v % NOTARIES)
v //= NOTARIES
# Calculate shard proposers
v = hash_to_int(sha3(self.contents + b':s'))
self.shard_proposers = []
for i in range(SHARDS):
self.shard_proposers.append(v % NOTARIES)
v //= NOTARIES
class Sig():
def __init__(self, proposer, target):
@ -86,8 +94,26 @@ class Sig():
self.hash = os.urandom(32)
assert self.proposer in target.notaries
class ShardCollation():
def __init__(self, shard_id, parent, proposer, beacon_ref, ts):
self.proposer = proposer
self.parent_hash = parent.hash if parent else (bytes([40 + shard_id]) * 32)
self.hash = sha3(self.parent_hash + str(self.proposer).encode('utf-8') + beacon_ref.hash)
self.ts = ts
self.shard_id = shard_id
self.number = parent.number + 1 if parent else 0
self.beacon_ref = beacon_ref.hash
if parent:
assert self.shard_id == parent.shard_id
assert self.proposer == beacon_ref.shard_proposers[self.shard_id]
assert self.ts >= parent.ts
assert self.ts >= beacon_ref.ts
main_genesis = MainChainBlock(None, 59049, 0)
beacon_genesis = BeaconBlock(None, 1, 0, [], main_genesis.hash)
beacon_genesis = BeaconBlock(None, 1, 0, [], main_genesis)
shard_geneses = [ShardCollation(i, None, 0, beacon_genesis, 0) for i in range(SHARDS)]
class BlockMakingRequest():
def __init__(self, parent, ts):
@ -98,10 +124,16 @@ class BlockMakingRequest():
class Node():
def __init__(self, _id, network, sleepy=False, careless=False):
self.blocks = {beacon_genesis.hash: beacon_genesis, main_genesis.hash: main_genesis}
self.blocks = {
beacon_genesis.hash: beacon_genesis,
main_genesis.hash: main_genesis
}
for s in shard_geneses:
self.blocks[s.hash] = s
self.sigs = {}
self.beacon_head = beacon_genesis.hash
self.beacon_chain = [beacon_genesis.hash]
self.main_chain = [main_genesis.hash]
self.shard_chains = [[g.hash] for g in shard_geneses]
self.timequeue = []
self.parentqueue = {}
self.children = {}
@ -131,13 +163,15 @@ class Node():
self.processed[obj.hash] = True
#self.log("Processing %s %s" % ("block" if isinstance(obj, BeaconBlock) else "sig", to_hex(obj.hash[:4])))
if isinstance(obj, BeaconBlock):
return self.on_receive_block(obj)
return self.on_receive_beacon_block(obj)
elif isinstance(obj, MainChainBlock):
return self.on_receive_main_block(obj)
elif isinstance(obj, ShardCollation):
return self.on_receive_shard_collation(obj)
elif isinstance(obj, Sig):
return self.on_receive_sig(obj)
elif isinstance(obj, BlockMakingRequest):
if self.beacon_head == obj.parent:
if self.beacon_chain[-1] == obj.parent:
mc_ref = self.blocks[obj.parent]
for i in range(2):
if mc_ref.number == 0:
@ -145,7 +179,7 @@ class Node():
#mc_ref = self.blocks[mc_ref].parent_hash
x = BeaconBlock(self.blocks[obj.parent], self.id, self.ts,
self.sigs[obj.parent] if obj.parent in self.sigs else [],
self.main_chain[-1])
self.blocks[self.main_chain[-1]])
self.log("Broadcasting block %s" % to_hex(x.hash[:4]))
self.broadcast(x)
@ -155,54 +189,65 @@ class Node():
i += 1
self.timequeue.insert(i, obj)
def add_to_multiset(self, _set, k, v):
if k not in _set:
_set[k] = []
_set[k].append(v)
def change_head(self, chain, new_head):
chain.extend([None] * (new_head.number + 1 - len(chain)))
i, c = new_head.number, new_head.hash
while c != chain[i]:
chain[i] = c
c = self.blocks[c].parent_hash
i -= 1
for i in range(len(chain)):
assert self.blocks[chain[i]].number == i
def recalculate_head(self, chain, condition):
while not condition(self.blocks[chain[-1]]):
chain.pop()
descendant_queue = [chain[-1]]
new_head = chain[-1]
while len(descendant_queue):
first = descendant_queue.pop(0)
if first in self.children:
for c in self.children[first]:
if condition(self.blocks[c]):
descendant_queue.append(c)
if self.blocks[first].number > self.blocks[new_head].number:
new_head = first
self.change_head(chain, self.blocks[new_head])
for i in range(len(chain)):
assert condition(self.blocks[chain[i]])
def process_children(self, h):
if h in self.parentqueue:
for b in self.parentqueue[h]:
self.on_receive(b, reprocess=True)
del self.parentqueue[h]
def on_receive_main_block(self, block):
# Parent not yet received
if block.parent_hash not in self.blocks:
if block.parent_hash not in self.parentqueue:
self.parentqueue[block.parent_hash] = []
self.parentqueue[block.parent_hash].append(block)
self.add_to_multiset(self.parentqueue, block.parent_hash, block)
return None
self.log("Processing main chain block %s" % to_hex(block.hash[:4]))
self.blocks[block.hash] = block
# Reorg the main chain if new head
if block.number > self.blocks[self.main_chain[-1]].number:
assert block.number == len(self.main_chain), (block.number, self.blocks[self.main_chain[-1]].number)
reorging = (block.parent_hash != self.main_chain[-1])
self.change_head(self.main_chain, block)
if reorging:
self.log("Reorging main chain", all=True)
i, c = block.number - 1, block.parent_hash
while c != self.main_chain[i]:
self.main_chain[i] = c
c = self.blocks[c].parent_hash
i -= 1
self.main_chain.append(block.hash)
for i in range(len(self.main_chain)):
assert self.blocks[self.main_chain[i]].number == i
# Reorg the beacon
if reorging:
pre_beacon = self.beacon_head
while self.blocks[self.beacon_head].main_chain_ref not in self.main_chain:
self.beacon_head = self.blocks[self.beacon_head].parent_hash
descendant_queue = [self.beacon_head]
while len(descendant_queue):
first = descendant_queue.pop(0)
if first in self.children:
for c in self.children[first]:
if isinstance(self.blocks[c], BeaconBlock) and self.blocks[c].main_chain_ref in self.main_chain:
descendant_queue.append(c)
if self.blocks[first].number > self.blocks[self.beacon_head].number:
self.beacon_head = first
if self.beacon_head != pre_beacon:
self.log("Reorged beacon due to main chain reorg", all=True)
self.recalculate_head(self.beacon_chain,
lambda b: isinstance(b, BeaconBlock) and b.main_chain_ref in self.main_chain)
for i in range(SHARDS):
self.recalculate_head(self.shard_chains[i],
lambda b: isinstance(b, ShardCollation) and b.shard_id == i and b.beacon_ref in self.beacon_chain)
# Add child record
if block.parent_hash not in self.children:
self.children[block.parent_hash] = []
self.children[block.parent_hash].append(block.hash)
# Check for children
if block.hash in self.parentqueue:
for b in self.parentqueue[block.hash]:
self.on_receive(b, reprocess=True)
del self.parentqueue[block.hash]
self.add_to_multiset(self.children, block.parent_hash, block.hash)
# Final steps
self.process_children(block.hash)
self.network.broadcast(self, block)
def is_descendant(self, a, b):
@ -211,70 +256,67 @@ class Node():
b = self.blocks[b.parent_hash]
return a.hash == b.hash
def on_receive_block(self, block):
def change_beacon_head(self, new_head):
self.log("Changed beacon head: %s" % new_head.number)
reorging = (new_head.parent_hash != self.beacon_chain[-1])
self.change_head(self.beacon_chain, new_head)
if reorging:
for i in range(SHARDS):
self.recalculate_head(self.shard_chains[i],
lambda b: isinstance(b, ShardCollation) and b.shard_id == i and b.beacon_ref in self.beacon_chain)
# Produce shard collations?
for s in range(SHARDS):
if self.id == new_head.shard_proposers[s]:
sc = ShardCollation(s, self.blocks[self.shard_chains[s][-1]], self.id, new_head, self.ts)
assert sc.beacon_ref == new_head.hash
assert self.is_descendant(self.blocks[sc.parent_hash].beacon_ref, new_head.hash)
self.broadcast(sc)
for c in self.shard_chains[s]:
assert self.blocks[c].shard_id == s and self.blocks[c].beacon_ref in self.beacon_chain
def on_receive_beacon_block(self, block):
# Parent not yet received
if block.parent_hash not in self.blocks:
if block.parent_hash not in self.parentqueue:
self.parentqueue[block.parent_hash] = []
self.parentqueue[block.parent_hash].append(block)
return None
self.add_to_multiset(self.parentqueue, block.parent_hash, block)
return
# Main chain parent not yet received
if block.main_chain_ref not in self.blocks:
if block.main_chain_ref not in self.parentqueue:
self.parentqueue[block.main_chain_ref] = []
self.parentqueue[block.main_chain_ref].append(block)
return None
self.add_to_multiset(self.parentqueue, block.main_chain_ref, block)
return
# Too early
if block.ts > self.ts:
self.add_to_timequeue(block)
return
assert block.parent_hash in self.blocks
assert block.main_chain_ref in self.blocks
assert self.blocks[block.parent_hash].main_chain_ref in self.blocks
# Check consistency of cross-link reference
assert self.is_descendant(self.blocks[block.parent_hash].main_chain_ref, block.main_chain_ref)
# Add the block
self.log("Processing beacon block %s" % to_hex(block.hash[:4]))
self.blocks[block.hash] = block
# Am I a notary, and is the block building on the head?
# careless = I notarize even stuff not on the head
if block.parent_hash == self.beacon_head or self.careless:
# Am I a notary, and is the block building on the head? Then broadcast a signature.
if block.parent_hash == self.beacon_chain[-1] or self.careless:
if self.id in block.notaries:
# Then broadcast a signature
self.broadcast(Sig(self.id, block))
# Check for sigs, add to head?, make a block?
if (block.hash in self.sigs and len(self.sigs[block.hash]) >= block.notary_req) or block.notary_req == 0:
if block.number > self.blocks[self.beacon_head].number and block.main_chain_ref in self.main_chain:
self.log("Changed head: %s" % block.number)
self.beacon_head = block.hash
if len(self.sigs.get(block.hash, [])) >= block.notary_req:
if block.number > self.blocks[self.beacon_chain[-1]].number and block.main_chain_ref in self.main_chain:
self.change_beacon_head(block)
if self.id in self.blocks[block.hash].child_proposers:
my_index = self.blocks[block.hash].child_proposers.index(self.id)
target_ts = block.ts + BASE_TS_DIFF + my_index * SKIP_TS_DIFF
self.log("Making block request for %.1f" % target_ts)
self.add_to_timequeue(BlockMakingRequest(block.hash, target_ts))
# Add child record
if block.parent_hash not in self.children:
self.children[block.parent_hash] = []
self.children[block.parent_hash].append(block.hash)
# Check for children
if block.hash in self.parentqueue:
for b in self.parentqueue[block.hash]:
self.on_receive(b, reprocess=True)
del self.parentqueue[block.hash]
# Rebroadcast
self.add_to_multiset(self.children, block.parent_hash, block.hash)
# Final steps
self.process_children(block.hash)
self.network.broadcast(self, block)
def on_receive_sig(self, sig):
self.log("Processing sig for %s" % to_hex(sig.target_hash[:4]), lvl=1)
if sig.target_hash not in self.sigs:
self.sigs[sig.target_hash] = []
self.sigs[sig.target_hash].append(sig)
self.add_to_multiset(self.sigs, sig.target_hash, sig)
# Add to head? Make a block?
if sig.target_hash in self.blocks and len(self.sigs[sig.target_hash]) == self.blocks[sig.target_hash].notary_req:
block = self.blocks[sig.target_hash]
if block.number > self.blocks[self.beacon_head].number and block.main_chain_ref in self.main_chain:
self.log("Changed head: %s" % block.number)
self.beacon_head = block.hash
if block.number > self.blocks[self.beacon_chain[-1]].number and block.main_chain_ref in self.main_chain:
self.change_beacon_head(block)
if self.id in block.child_proposers:
my_index = block.child_proposers.index(self.id)
target_ts = block.ts + BASE_TS_DIFF + my_index * SKIP_TS_DIFF
@ -283,14 +325,38 @@ class Node():
# Rebroadcast
self.network.broadcast(self, sig)
def on_receive_shard_collation(self, block):
# Parent not yet received
if block.parent_hash not in self.blocks:
self.add_to_multiset(self.parentqueue, block.parent_hash, block)
return None
# Beacon ref not yet received
if block.beacon_ref not in self.blocks:
self.add_to_multiset(self.parentqueue, block.beacon_ref, block)
return None
# Check consistency of cross-link reference
assert self.is_descendant(self.blocks[block.parent_hash].beacon_ref, block.beacon_ref)
self.log("Processing shard collation %s" % to_hex(block.hash[:4]))
self.blocks[block.hash] = block
# Set head if needed
if block.number > self.blocks[self.shard_chains[block.shard_id][-1]].number and block.beacon_ref in self.beacon_chain:
self.change_head(self.shard_chains[block.shard_id], block)
# Add child record
self.add_to_multiset(self.children, block.parent_hash, block.hash)
# Final steps
self.process_children(block.hash)
self.network.broadcast(self, block)
def tick(self):
if self.ts == 0:
if self.id in beacon_genesis.notaries:
self.broadcast(Sig(self.id, beacon_genesis))
self.ts += 0.1
self.log("Tick: %.1f" % self.ts, lvl=1)
# Process time queue
while len(self.timequeue) and self.timequeue[0].ts <= self.ts:
self.on_receive(self.timequeue.pop(0))
# Attempt to mine a main chain block
pownonce = random.randrange(65537)
mchead = self.blocks[self.main_chain[-1]]
if checkpow(mchead.pownonce, pownonce):

44
beacon/test.py
View File

@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
from networksim import NetworkSimulator
from beacon_chain_node import Node, NOTARIES, BeaconBlock, MainChainBlock, main_genesis, beacon_genesis
from beacon_chain_node import Node, NOTARIES, SHARDS, BeaconBlock, MainChainBlock, ShardCollation, main_genesis, beacon_genesis
net = NetworkSimulator(latency=15)
net = NetworkSimulator(latency=19)
notaries = [Node(i, net, sleepy=i % 5 == 9) for i in range(NOTARIES)]
net.agents = notaries
net.generate_peers()
for i in range(2000):
net.tick()
for n in notaries:
print("Beacon head: %d" % n.blocks[n.beacon_head].number)
print("Beacon head: %d" % n.blocks[n.beacon_chain[-1]].number)
print("Main chain head: %d" % n.blocks[n.main_chain[-1]].number)
print("Shard heads: %r" % [n.blocks[x[-1]].number for x in n.shard_chains])
print("Total beacon blocks received: %d" % (len([b for b in n.blocks.values() if isinstance(b, BeaconBlock)]) - 1))
print("Total beacon blocks received and signed: %d" % (len([b for b in n.blocks.keys() if b in n.sigs and len(n.sigs[b]) >= n.blocks[b].notary_req]) - 1))
print("Total main chain blocks received: %d" % (len([b for b in n.blocks.values() if isinstance(b, MainChainBlock)]) - 1))
print("Total shard blocks received: %r" % [len([b for b in n.blocks.values() if isinstance(b, ShardCollation) and b.shard_id == i]) - 1 for i in range(SHARDS)])
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import networkx as nx
@ -28,34 +30,20 @@ for b in n.blocks.values():
if isinstance(b, BeaconBlock):
G.add_edge(b.hash, b.main_chain_ref, color='g')
G.add_edge(b.hash, b.parent_hash, color='y')
else:
elif isinstance(b, MainChainBlock):
G.add_edge(b.hash, b.parent_hash, color='b')
elif isinstance(b, ShardCollation):
G.add_edge(b.hash, b.beacon_ref, color='g')
G.add_edge(b.hash, b.parent_hash, color='r')
#G.add_edge('a','b',weight=1)
#G.add_edge('a','c',weight=1)
#G.add_edge('a','d',weight=1)
#G.add_edge('a','e',weight=1)
#G.add_edge('a','f',weight=1)
#G.add_edge('a','g',weight=1)
def mkoffset(b):
return random.randrange(5) + \
(5 if isinstance(b, MainChainBlock) else
0 if isinstance(b, BeaconBlock) else
-5 - 5 * b.shard_id if isinstance(b, ShardCollation) else
None)
# pos=nx.spring_layout(G)
ypos={main_genesis.hash: 0, beacon_genesis.hash: 0}
queue = n.children[main_genesis.hash] + n.children[beacon_genesis.hash]
while len(queue):
first = queue.pop(0)
if isinstance(n.blocks[first], MainChainBlock):
if n.blocks[first].parent_hash not in ypos:
queue.append(first)
continue
ypos[first] = ypos[n.blocks[first].parent_hash] + 10
elif isinstance(n.blocks[first], BeaconBlock):
if n.blocks[first].parent_hash not in ypos or n.blocks[first].main_chain_ref not in ypos:
queue.append(first)
continue
ypos[first] = max(ypos[n.blocks[first].parent_hash] + 1, ypos[n.blocks[first].main_chain_ref] + 1)
if first in n.children:
queue.extend(n.children[first])
pos={b.hash: (b.ts + random.randrange(5) + (5 if isinstance(b, MainChainBlock) else 0), b.ts) for b in n.blocks.values()}
pos={b.hash: (b.ts + mkoffset(b), b.ts) for b in n.blocks.values()}
edges = G.edges()
colors = [G[u][v]['color'] for u,v in edges]
nx.draw_networkx_nodes(G,pos,node_size=10,node_shape='o',node_color='0.75')