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# beacon_chain
# Copyright (c) 2018-2022 Status Research & Development GmbH
# Licensed and distributed under either of
# * MIT license (license terms in the root directory or at https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
# * Apache v2 license (license terms in the root directory or at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.
{.push raises: [Defect].}
import
std/[typetraits, tables],
stew/[arrayops, assign2, byteutils, endians2, io2, objects, results],
serialization, chronicles, snappy,
eth/db/[kvstore, kvstore_sqlite3],
./networking/network_metadata, ./beacon_chain_db_immutable,
./spec/[eth2_ssz_serialization, eth2_merkleization, forks, state_transition],
./spec/datatypes/[phase0, altair, bellatrix],
./filepath
export
phase0, altair, eth2_ssz_serialization, eth2_merkleization, kvstore,
kvstore_sqlite3
logScope: topics = "bc_db"
type
DbSeq*[T] = object
insertStmt: SqliteStmt[openArray[byte], void]
selectStmt: SqliteStmt[int64, openArray[byte]]
recordCount: int64
FinalizedBlocks* = object
# A sparse version of DbSeq - can have holes but not duplicate entries
insertStmt: SqliteStmt[(int64, array[32, byte]), void]
selectStmt: SqliteStmt[int64, array[32, byte]]
selectAllStmt: SqliteStmt[NoParams, (int64, array[32, byte])]
low*: Opt[Slot]
high*: Opt[Slot]
DepositsSeq = DbSeq[DepositData]
DepositContractSnapshot* = object
eth1Block*: Eth2Digest
depositContractState*: DepositContractState
BeaconChainDBV0* = ref object
## BeaconChainDBV0 based on old kvstore table that sets the WITHOUT ROWID
## option which becomes unbearably slow with large blobs. It is used as a
## read-only store to support old versions - by freezing it at its current
## data set, downgrading remains possible since it's no longer touched -
## anyone downgrading will have to sync up whatever they missed.
##
## Newer versions read from the new tables first - if the data is not found,
## they turn to the old tables for reading. Writing is done only to the new
## tables.
##
## V0 stored most data in a single table, prefixing each key with a tag
## identifying the type of data.
##
## 1.1 introduced BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators storage where immutable
## validator data is stored in a separate table and only a partial
## BeaconState is written to kvstore
##
## 1.2 moved BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators to a separate table to
## alleviate some of the btree balancing issues - this doubled the speed but
## was still
##
## 1.3 creates `kvstore` with rowid, making it quite fast, but doesn't do
## anything about existing databases. Versions after that use a separate
## file instead (V1)
backend: KvStoreRef # kvstore
stateStore: KvStoreRef # state_no_validators
BeaconChainDB* = ref object
## Database storing resolved blocks and states - resolved blocks are such
## blocks that form a chain back to the tail block.
##
## We assume that the database backend is working / not corrupt - as such,
## we will raise a Defect any time there is an issue. This should be
## revisited in the future, when/if the calling code safely can handle
## corruption of this kind.
##
## The database follows an "mostly-consistent" model where it's possible
## that some data has been lost to crashes and restarts - for example,
## the state root table might contain entries that don't lead to a state
## etc - this makes it easier to defer certain operations such as pruning
## and cleanup, but also means that some amount of "junk" is left behind
## when the application is restarted or crashes in the wrong moment.
##
## Generally, sqlite performs a commit at the end of every write, meaning
## that data write order is respected - the strategy thus becomes to write
## bulk data first, then update pointers like the `head root` entry.
db*: SqStoreRef
v0: BeaconChainDBV0
genesisDeposits*: DepositsSeq
# immutableValidatorsDb only stores the total count; it's a proxy for SQL
# queries. (v1.4.0+)
immutableValidatorsDb*: DbSeq[ImmutableValidatorDataDb2]
immutableValidators*: seq[ImmutableValidatorData2]
checkpoint*: proc() {.gcsafe, raises: [Defect].}
keyValues: KvStoreRef # Random stuff using DbKeyKind - suitable for small values mainly!
blocks: array[BeaconBlockFork, KvStoreRef] # BlockRoot -> TrustedSignedBeaconBlock
stateRoots: KvStoreRef # (Slot, BlockRoot) -> StateRoot
statesNoVal: array[BeaconStateFork, KvStoreRef] # StateRoot -> ForkBeaconStateNoImmutableValidators
stateDiffs: KvStoreRef ##\
## StateRoot -> BeaconStateDiff
## Instead of storing full BeaconStates, one can store only the diff from
## a different state. As 75% of a typical BeaconState's serialized form's
## the validators, which are mostly immutable and append-only, just using
## a simple append-diff representation helps significantly. Various roots
## are stored in a mod-increment pattern across fixed-sized arrays, which
## addresses most of the rest of the BeaconState sizes.
summaries: KvStoreRef
## BlockRoot -> BeaconBlockSummary - permits looking up basic block
## information via block root - contains only summaries that were valid
## at some point in history - it is however possible that entries exist
## that are no longer part of the finalized chain history, thus the
## cache should not be used to answer fork choice questions - see
## `getHeadBlock` and `finalizedBlocks` instead.
##
## May contain entries for blocks that are not stored in the database.
##
## See `finalizedBlocks` for an index in the other direction.
finalizedBlocks*: FinalizedBlocks
## Blocks that are known to be finalized, per the latest head (v1.7.0+)
## Only blocks that have passed verification, either via state transition
## or backfilling are indexed here - thus, similar to `head`, it is part
## of the inner security ring and is used to answer security questions
## in the chaindag.
##
## May contain entries for blocks that are not stored in the database.
##
## See `summaries` for an index in the other direction.
DbKeyKind = enum
kHashToState
kHashToBlock
kHeadBlock
## Pointer to the most recent block selected by the fork choice
kTailBlock
## Pointer to the earliest finalized block - this is the genesis block when
## the chain starts, but might advance as the database gets pruned
## TODO: determine how aggressively the database should be pruned. For a
## healthy network sync, we probably need to store blocks at least
## past the weak subjectivity period.
kBlockSlotStateRoot
## BlockSlot -> state_root mapping
kGenesisBlock
## Immutable reference to the network genesis state
## (needed for satisfying requests to the beacon node API).
kEth1PersistedTo # Obsolete
kDepositsFinalizedByEth1 # Obsolete
kDepositsFinalizedByEth2
## A merkleizer checkpoint used for computing merkle proofs of
## deposits added to Eth2 blocks (it may lag behind the finalized
## eth1 deposits checkpoint).
kHashToBlockSummary # Block summaries for fast startup
kSpeculativeDeposits
## A merkelizer checkpoint created on the basis of deposit events
## that we were not able to verify against a `deposit_root` served
## by the web3 provider. This may happen on Geth nodes that serve
## only recent contract state data (i.e. only recent `deposit_roots`).
kHashToStateDiff # Obsolete
kHashToStateOnlyMutableValidators
kBackfillBlock # Obsolete, was in `unstable` for a while, but never released
BeaconBlockSummary* = object
## Cache of beacon block summaries - during startup when we construct the
## chain dag, loading full blocks takes a lot of time - the block
## summary contains a minimal snapshot of what's needed to instanciate
## the BlockRef tree.
slot*: Slot
parent_root*: Eth2Digest
const
# The largest object we're saving is the BeaconState, and by far, the largest
# part of it is the validator - each validator takes up at least 129 bytes
# in phase0, which means 100k validators is >12mb - in addition to this,
# there are several MB of hashes.
maxDecompressedDbRecordSize = 64*1024*1024
# Subkeys essentially create "tables" within the key-value store by prefixing
# each entry with a table id
func subkey(kind: DbKeyKind): array[1, byte] =
result[0] = byte ord(kind)
func subkey[N: static int](kind: DbKeyKind, key: array[N, byte]):
array[N + 1, byte] =
result[0] = byte ord(kind)
result[1 .. ^1] = key
func subkey(kind: type phase0.BeaconState, key: Eth2Digest): auto =
subkey(kHashToState, key.data)
func subkey(
kind: type Phase0BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators, key: Eth2Digest): auto =
subkey(kHashToStateOnlyMutableValidators, key.data)
func subkey(kind: type phase0.SignedBeaconBlock, key: Eth2Digest): auto =
subkey(kHashToBlock, key.data)
func subkey(kind: type BeaconBlockSummary, key: Eth2Digest): auto =
subkey(kHashToBlockSummary, key.data)
func subkey(root: Eth2Digest, slot: Slot): array[40, byte] =
var ret: array[40, byte]
# big endian to get a naturally ascending order on slots in sorted indices
ret[0..<8] = toBytesBE(slot.uint64)
# .. but 7 bytes should be enough for slots - in return, we get a nicely
# rounded key length
ret[0] = byte ord(kBlockSlotStateRoot)
ret[8..<40] = root.data
ret
template panic =
# TODO(zah): Could we recover from a corrupted database?
# Review all usages.
raiseAssert "The database should not be corrupted"
template expectDb(x: auto): untyped =
# There's no meaningful error handling implemented for a corrupt database or
# full disk - this requires manual intervention, so we'll panic for now
x.expect("working database (disk broken/full?)")
proc init*[T](Seq: type DbSeq[T], db: SqStoreRef, name: string): KvResult[Seq] =
? db.exec("""
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS """ & name & """(
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
value BLOB
);
""")
let
insertStmt = db.prepareStmt(
"INSERT INTO " & name & "(value) VALUES (?);",
openArray[byte], void, managed = false).expect("this is a valid statement")
selectStmt = db.prepareStmt(
"SELECT value FROM " & name & " WHERE id = ?;",
int64, openArray[byte], managed = false).expect("this is a valid statement")
countStmt = db.prepareStmt(
"SELECT COUNT(1) FROM " & name & ";",
NoParams, int64, managed = false).expect("this is a valid statement")
var recordCount = int64 0
let countQueryRes = countStmt.exec do (res: int64):
recordCount = res
let found = ? countQueryRes
if not found:
return err("Cannot count existing items")
countStmt.dispose()
ok(Seq(insertStmt: insertStmt,
selectStmt: selectStmt,
recordCount: recordCount))
proc close*(s: DbSeq) =
s.insertStmt.dispose()
s.selectStmt.dispose()
proc add*[T](s: var DbSeq[T], val: T) =
var bytes = SSZ.encode(val)
s.insertStmt.exec(bytes).expectDb()
inc s.recordCount
template len*[T](s: DbSeq[T]): int64 =
s.recordCount
proc get*[T](s: DbSeq[T], idx: int64): T =
# This is used only locally
let resultAddr = addr result
let queryRes = s.selectStmt.exec(idx + 1) do (recordBytes: openArray[byte]):
try:
resultAddr[] = decode(SSZ, recordBytes, T)
except SerializationError:
panic()
let found = queryRes.expectDb()
if not found: panic()
proc init*(T: type FinalizedBlocks, db: SqStoreRef, name: string,
readOnly = false): KvResult[T] =
if not readOnly:
? db.exec("""
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS """ & name & """(
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
value BLOB NOT NULL
);
""")
let
insertStmt = db.prepareStmt(
"REPLACE INTO " & name & "(id, value) VALUES (?, ?);",
(int64, array[32, byte]), void, managed = false).expect("this is a valid statement")
selectStmt = db.prepareStmt(
"SELECT value FROM " & name & " WHERE id = ?;",
int64, array[32, byte], managed = false).expect("this is a valid statement")
selectAllStmt = db.prepareStmt(
"SELECT id, value FROM " & name & " ORDER BY id;",
NoParams, (int64, array[32, byte]), managed = false).expect("this is a valid statement")
maxIdStmt = db.prepareStmt(
"SELECT MAX(id) FROM " & name & ";",
NoParams, Option[int64], managed = false).expect("this is a valid statement")
minIdStmt = db.prepareStmt(
"SELECT MIN(id) FROM " & name & ";",
NoParams, Option[int64], managed = false).expect("this is a valid statement")
var
low, high: Opt[Slot]
tmp: Option[int64]
for rowRes in minIdStmt.exec(tmp):
expectDb rowRes
if tmp.isSome():
low.ok(Slot(tmp.get()))
for rowRes in maxIdStmt.exec(tmp):
expectDb rowRes
if tmp.isSome():
high.ok(Slot(tmp.get()))
maxIdStmt.dispose()
minIdStmt.dispose()
ok(T(insertStmt: insertStmt,
selectStmt: selectStmt,
selectAllStmt: selectAllStmt,
low: low,
high: high))
proc close*(s: FinalizedBlocks) =
s.insertStmt.dispose()
s.selectStmt.dispose()
s.selectAllStmt.dispose()
proc insert*(s: var FinalizedBlocks, slot: Slot, val: Eth2Digest) =
doAssert slot.uint64 < int64.high.uint64, "Only reasonable slots supported"
s.insertStmt.exec((slot.int64, val.data)).expectDb()
s.low.ok(min(slot, s.low.get(slot)))
s.high.ok(max(slot, s.high.get(slot)))
proc get*(s: FinalizedBlocks, idx: Slot): Opt[Eth2Digest] =
var row: s.selectStmt.Result
for rowRes in s.selectStmt.exec(int64(idx), row):
expectDb rowRes
return ok(Eth2Digest(data: row))
err()
iterator pairs*(s: FinalizedBlocks): (Slot, Eth2Digest) =
var row: s.selectAllStmt.Result
for rowRes in s.selectAllStmt.exec(row):
expectDb rowRes
yield (Slot(row[0]), Eth2Digest(data: row[1]))
proc loadImmutableValidators(vals: DbSeq[ImmutableValidatorDataDb2]): seq[ImmutableValidatorData2] =
result = newSeqOfCap[ImmutableValidatorData2](vals.len())
for i in 0 ..< vals.len:
let tmp = vals.get(i)
result.add ImmutableValidatorData2(
pubkey: tmp.pubkey.loadValid(),
withdrawal_credentials: tmp.withdrawal_credentials)
template withManyWrites*(dbParam: BeaconChainDB, body: untyped) =
# We don't enforce strong ordering or atomicity requirements in the beacon
# chain db in general, relying instead on readers to be able to deal with
# minor inconsistencies - however, putting writes in a transaction is orders
# of magnitude faster when doing many small writes, so we use this as an
# optimization technique and the templace is named accordingly.
let db = dbParam
expectDb db.db.exec("BEGIN TRANSACTION;")
var commit = false
try:
body
commit = true
finally:
if commit:
expectDb db.db.exec("COMMIT TRANSACTION;")
else:
expectDb db.db.exec("ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;")
proc new*(T: type BeaconChainDB,
dir: string,
inMemory = false,
readOnly = false
): BeaconChainDB =
var db = if inMemory:
SqStoreRef.init("", "test", readOnly = readOnly, inMemory = true).expect(
"working database (out of memory?)")
else:
let s = secureCreatePath(dir)
doAssert s.isOk # TODO(zah) Handle this in a better way
SqStoreRef.init(
dir, "nbc", readOnly = readOnly, manualCheckpoint = true).expectDb()
if not readOnly:
# Remove the deposits table we used before we switched
# to storing only deposit contract checkpoints
if db.exec("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS deposits;").isErr:
debug "Failed to drop the deposits table"
# An old pubkey->index mapping that hasn't been used on any mainnet release
if db.exec("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS validatorIndexFromPubKey;").isErr:
debug "Failed to drop the validatorIndexFromPubKey table"
var
# V0 compatibility tables - these were created WITHOUT ROWID which is slow
# for large blobs
backend = kvStore db.openKvStore().expectDb()
# state_no_validators is similar to state_no_validators2 but uses a
# different key encoding and was created WITHOUT ROWID
stateStore = kvStore db.openKvStore("state_no_validators").expectDb()
genesisDepositsSeq =
DbSeq[DepositData].init(db, "genesis_deposits").expectDb()
immutableValidatorsDb =
DbSeq[ImmutableValidatorDataDb2].init(db, "immutable_validators2").expectDb()
# V1 - expected-to-be small rows get without rowid optimizations
keyValues = kvStore db.openKvStore("key_values", true).expectDb()
blocks = [
kvStore db.openKvStore("blocks").expectDb(),
kvStore db.openKvStore("altair_blocks").expectDb(),
kvStore db.openKvStore("merge_blocks").expectDb()]
stateRoots = kvStore db.openKvStore("state_roots", true).expectDb()
statesNoVal = [
kvStore db.openKvStore("state_no_validators2").expectDb(),
kvStore db.openKvStore("altair_state_no_validators").expectDb(),
kvStore db.openKvStore("merge_state_no_validators").expectDb()]
stateDiffs = kvStore db.openKvStore("state_diffs").expectDb()
summaries = kvStore db.openKvStore("beacon_block_summaries", true).expectDb()
finalizedBlocks = FinalizedBlocks.init(db, "finalized_blocks").expectDb()
# Versions prior to 1.4.0 (altair) stored validators in `immutable_validators`
# which stores validator keys in compressed format - this is
# slow to load and has been superceded by `immutable_validators2` which uses
# uncompressed keys instead. We still support upgrading a database from the
# old format, but don't need to support downgrading, and therefore safely can
# remove the keys
let immutableValidatorsDb1 =
DbSeq[ImmutableValidatorData].init(db, "immutable_validators").expectDb()
if immutableValidatorsDb.len() < immutableValidatorsDb1.len():
notice "Migrating validator keys, this may take a minute",
len = immutableValidatorsDb1.len()
while immutableValidatorsDb.len() < immutableValidatorsDb1.len():
let val = immutableValidatorsDb1.get(immutableValidatorsDb.len())
immutableValidatorsDb.add(ImmutableValidatorDataDb2(
pubkey: val.pubkey.loadValid().toUncompressed(),
withdrawal_credentials: val.withdrawal_credentials
))
immutableValidatorsDb1.close()
# Safe because nobody will be downgrading to pre-altair versions
# TODO: drop table maybe? that would require not creating the table just above
discard db.exec("DELETE FROM immutable_validators;")
T(
db: db,
v0: BeaconChainDBV0(
backend: backend,
stateStore: stateStore,
),
genesisDeposits: genesisDepositsSeq,
immutableValidatorsDb: immutableValidatorsDb,
immutableValidators: loadImmutableValidators(immutableValidatorsDb),
checkpoint: proc() = db.checkpoint(),
keyValues: keyValues,
blocks: blocks,
stateRoots: stateRoots,
statesNoVal: statesNoVal,
stateDiffs: stateDiffs,
summaries: summaries,
finalizedBlocks: finalizedBlocks,
)
proc decodeSSZ[T](data: openArray[byte], output: var T): bool =
try:
readSszBytes(data, output, updateRoot = false)
true
except SerializationError as e:
# If the data can't be deserialized, it could be because it's from a
# version of the software that uses a different SSZ encoding
warn "Unable to deserialize data, old database?",
err = e.msg, typ = name(T), dataLen = data.len
false
proc decodeSnappySSZ[T](data: openArray[byte], output: var T): bool =
try:
let decompressed = snappy.decode(data, maxDecompressedDbRecordSize)
readSszBytes(decompressed, output, updateRoot = false)
true
except SerializationError as e:
# If the data can't be deserialized, it could be because it's from a
# version of the software that uses a different SSZ encoding
warn "Unable to deserialize data, old database?",
err = e.msg, typ = name(T), dataLen = data.len
false
proc encodeSSZ(v: auto): seq[byte] =
try:
SSZ.encode(v)
except IOError as err:
raiseAssert err.msg
proc encodeSnappySSZ(v: auto): seq[byte] =
try:
snappy.encode(SSZ.encode(v))
except CatchableError as err:
# In-memory encode shouldn't fail!
raiseAssert err.msg
proc getRaw(db: KvStoreRef, key: openArray[byte], T: type Eth2Digest): Opt[T] =
var res: Opt[T]
proc decode(data: openArray[byte]) =
if data.len == sizeof(Eth2Digest):
res.ok Eth2Digest(data: toArray(sizeof(Eth2Digest), data))
else:
# If the data can't be deserialized, it could be because it's from a
# version of the software that uses a different SSZ encoding
warn "Unable to deserialize data, old database?",
typ = name(T), dataLen = data.len
discard
discard db.get(key, decode).expectDb()
res
proc putRaw(db: KvStoreRef, key: openArray[byte], v: Eth2Digest) =
db.put(key, v.data).expectDb()
type GetResult = enum
found = "Found"
notFound = "Not found"
corrupted = "Corrupted"
proc getSSZ[T](db: KvStoreRef, key: openArray[byte], output: var T): GetResult =
var status = GetResult.notFound
# TODO address is needed because there's no way to express lifetimes in nim
# we'll use unsafeAddr to find the code later
var outputPtr = unsafeAddr output # callback is local, ptr wont escape
proc decode(data: openArray[byte]) =
status =
if decodeSSZ(data, outputPtr[]): GetResult.found
else: GetResult.corrupted
discard db.get(key, decode).expectDb()
status
proc putSSZ(db: KvStoreRef, key: openArray[byte], v: auto) =
db.put(key, encodeSSZ(v)).expectDb()
proc getSnappySSZ[T](db: KvStoreRef, key: openArray[byte], output: var T): GetResult =
var status = GetResult.notFound
# TODO address is needed because there's no way to express lifetimes in nim
# we'll use unsafeAddr to find the code later
var outputPtr = unsafeAddr output # callback is local, ptr wont escape
proc decode(data: openArray[byte]) =
status =
if decodeSnappySSZ(data, outputPtr[]): GetResult.found
else: GetResult.corrupted
discard db.get(key, decode).expectDb()
status
proc putSnappySSZ(db: KvStoreRef, key: openArray[byte], v: auto) =
db.put(key, encodeSnappySSZ(v)).expectDb()
proc close*(db: BeaconChainDBV0) =
discard db.stateStore.close()
discard db.backend.close()
proc close*(db: BeaconChainDB) =
if db.db == nil: return
# Close things roughly in reverse order
db.finalizedBlocks.close()
discard db.summaries.close()
discard db.stateDiffs.close()
for kv in db.statesNoVal: discard kv.close()
discard db.stateRoots.close()
for kv in db.blocks: discard kv.close()
discard db.keyValues.close()
db.immutableValidatorsDb.close()
db.genesisDeposits.close()
db.v0.close()
db.db.close()
db.db = nil
func toBeaconBlockSummary*(v: SomeForkyBeaconBlock): BeaconBlockSummary =
BeaconBlockSummary(
slot: v.slot,
parent_root: v.parent_root,
)
proc putBeaconBlockSummary(
db: BeaconChainDB, root: Eth2Digest, value: BeaconBlockSummary) =
# Summaries are too simple / small to compress, store them as plain SSZ
db.summaries.putSSZ(root.data, value)
proc putBlock*(db: BeaconChainDB, value: ForkyTrustedSignedBeaconBlock) =
db.withManyWrites:
db.blocks[type(value).toFork].putSnappySSZ(value.root.data, value)
db.putBeaconBlockSummary(value.root, value.message.toBeaconBlockSummary())
proc updateImmutableValidators*(
db: BeaconChainDB, validators: openArray[Validator]) =
# Must be called before storing a state that references the new validators
let numValidators = validators.len
while db.immutableValidators.len() < numValidators:
let immutableValidator =
getImmutableValidatorData(validators[db.immutableValidators.len()])
if not db.db.readOnly:
db.immutableValidatorsDb.add ImmutableValidatorDataDb2(
pubkey: immutableValidator.pubkey.toUncompressed(),
withdrawal_credentials: immutableValidator.withdrawal_credentials)
db.immutableValidators.add immutableValidator
template toBeaconStateNoImmutableValidators(state: phase0.BeaconState):
Phase0BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators =
isomorphicCast[Phase0BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators](state)
template toBeaconStateNoImmutableValidators(state: altair.BeaconState):
AltairBeaconStateNoImmutableValidators =
isomorphicCast[AltairBeaconStateNoImmutableValidators](state)
template toBeaconStateNoImmutableValidators(state: bellatrix.BeaconState):
BellatrixBeaconStateNoImmutableValidators =
isomorphicCast[BellatrixBeaconStateNoImmutableValidators](state)
proc putState*(db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest, value: ForkyBeaconState) =
db.updateImmutableValidators(value.validators.asSeq())
db.statesNoVal[type(value).toFork()].putSnappySSZ(
key.data, toBeaconStateNoImmutableValidators(value))
proc putState*(db: BeaconChainDB, state: ForkyHashedBeaconState) =
db.withManyWrites:
db.putStateRoot(state.latest_block_root, state.data.slot, state.root)
db.putState(state.root, state.data)
# For testing rollback
proc putCorruptState*(
db: BeaconChainDB, fork: static BeaconStateFork, key: Eth2Digest) =
db.statesNoVal[fork].putSnappySSZ(key.data, Validator())
func stateRootKey(root: Eth2Digest, slot: Slot): array[40, byte] =
var ret: array[40, byte]
# big endian to get a naturally ascending order on slots in sorted indices
ret[0..<8] = toBytesBE(slot.uint64)
ret[8..<40] = root.data
ret
proc putStateRoot*(db: BeaconChainDB, root: Eth2Digest, slot: Slot,
value: Eth2Digest) =
db.stateRoots.putRaw(stateRootKey(root, slot), value)
proc putStateDiff*(db: BeaconChainDB, root: Eth2Digest, value: BeaconStateDiff) =
db.stateDiffs.putSnappySSZ(root.data, value)
proc delBlock*(db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest) =
db.withManyWrites:
for kv in db.blocks: kv.del(key.data).expectDb()
db.summaries.del(key.data).expectDb()
proc delState*(db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest) =
db.withManyWrites:
for kv in db.statesNoVal: kv.del(key.data).expectDb()
proc delStateRoot*(db: BeaconChainDB, root: Eth2Digest, slot: Slot) =
db.stateRoots.del(stateRootKey(root, slot)).expectDb()
proc delStateDiff*(db: BeaconChainDB, root: Eth2Digest) =
db.stateDiffs.del(root.data).expectDb()
proc putHeadBlock*(db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest) =
db.keyValues.putRaw(subkey(kHeadBlock), key)
proc putTailBlock*(db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest) =
db.keyValues.putRaw(subkey(kTailBlock), key)
proc putGenesisBlock*(db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest) =
db.keyValues.putRaw(subkey(kGenesisBlock), key)
proc putEth2FinalizedTo*(db: BeaconChainDB,
eth1Checkpoint: DepositContractSnapshot) =
db.keyValues.putSnappySSZ(subkey(kDepositsFinalizedByEth2), eth1Checkpoint)
proc getPhase0Block(
db: BeaconChainDBV0, key: Eth2Digest): Opt[phase0.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock] =
# We only store blocks that we trust in the database
result.ok(default(phase0.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock))
if db.backend.getSnappySSZ(
subkey(phase0.SignedBeaconBlock, key), result.get) != GetResult.found:
result.err()
else:
# set root after deserializing (so it doesn't get zeroed)
result.get().root = key
proc getBlock*(
db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest,
T: type phase0.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock): Opt[T] =
# We only store blocks that we trust in the database
result.ok(default(T))
if db.blocks[T.toFork].getSnappySSZ(key.data, result.get) != GetResult.found:
# During the initial releases phase0, we stored blocks in a different table
result = db.v0.getPhase0Block(key)
else:
# set root after deserializing (so it doesn't get zeroed)
result.get().root = key
proc getBlock*[
X: altair.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock | bellatrix.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock](
db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest,
T: type X): Opt[T] =
# We only store blocks that we trust in the database
result.ok(default(T))
if db.blocks[T.toFork].getSnappySSZ(key.data, result.get) == GetResult.found:
# set root after deserializing (so it doesn't get zeroed)
result.get().root = key
else:
result.err()
proc getPhase0BlockSSZ(db: BeaconChainDBV0, key: Eth2Digest, data: var seq[byte]): bool =
let dataPtr = unsafeAddr data # Short-lived
var success = true
proc decode(data: openArray[byte]) =
try: dataPtr[] = snappy.decode(data, maxDecompressedDbRecordSize)
except CatchableError: success = false
db.backend.get(subkey(phase0.SignedBeaconBlock, key), decode).expectDb() and success
# SSZ implementations are separate so as to avoid unnecessary data copies
proc getBlockSSZ*(
db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest, data: var seq[byte],
T: type phase0.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock): bool =
let dataPtr = unsafeAddr data # Short-lived
var success = true
proc decode(data: openArray[byte]) =
try: dataPtr[] = snappy.decode(data, maxDecompressedDbRecordSize)
except CatchableError: success = false
db.blocks[BeaconBlockFork.Phase0].get(key.data, decode).expectDb() and success or
db.v0.getPhase0BlockSSZ(key, data)
proc getBlockSSZ*[
X: altair.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock | bellatrix.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock](
db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest, data: var seq[byte],
T: type X): bool =
let dataPtr = unsafeAddr data # Short-lived
var success = true
proc decode(data: openArray[byte]) =
try: dataPtr[] = snappy.decode(data, maxDecompressedDbRecordSize)
except CatchableError: success = false
db.blocks[T.toFork].get(key.data, decode).expectDb() and success
proc getBlockSSZ*(
db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest, data: var seq[byte],
fork: BeaconBlockFork): bool =
case fork
of BeaconBlockFork.Phase0:
getBlockSSZ(db, key, data, phase0.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock)
of BeaconBlockFork.Altair:
getBlockSSZ(db, key, data, altair.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock)
of BeaconBlockFork.Bellatrix:
getBlockSSZ(db, key, data, bellatrix.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock)
proc getStateOnlyMutableValidators(
immutableValidators: openArray[ImmutableValidatorData2],
store: KvStoreRef, key: openArray[byte], output: var ForkyBeaconState,
rollback: RollbackProc): bool =
## Load state into `output` - BeaconState is large so we want to avoid
## re-allocating it if possible
## Return `true` iff the entry was found in the database and `output` was
## overwritten.
## Rollback will be called only if output was partially written - if it was
## not found at all, rollback will not be called
# TODO rollback is needed to deal with bug - use `noRollback` to ignore:
# https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/14126
# TODO RVO is inefficient for large objects:
# https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/13879
case store.getSnappySSZ(key, toBeaconStateNoImmutableValidators(output))
of GetResult.found:
let numValidators = output.validators.len
doAssert immutableValidators.len >= numValidators
for i in 0 ..< numValidators:
let
# Bypass hash cache invalidation
dstValidator = addr output.validators.data[i]
assign(
dstValidator.pubkey,
immutableValidators[i].pubkey.toPubKey())
assign(
dstValidator.withdrawal_credentials,
immutableValidators[i].withdrawal_credentials)
output.validators.resetCache()
true
of GetResult.notFound:
false
of GetResult.corrupted:
rollback()
false
proc getState(
db: BeaconChainDBV0,
immutableValidators: openArray[ImmutableValidatorData2],
key: Eth2Digest, output: var phase0.BeaconState,
rollback: RollbackProc): bool =
# Nimbus 1.0 reads and writes writes genesis BeaconState to `backend`
# Nimbus 1.1 writes a genesis BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators to `backend` and
# reads both BeaconState and BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators from `backend`
# Nimbus 1.2 writes a genesis BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators to `stateStore`
# and reads BeaconState from `backend` and BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators
# from `stateStore`. We will try to read the state from all these locations.
if getStateOnlyMutableValidators(
immutableValidators, db.stateStore,
subkey(Phase0BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators, key), output, rollback):
return true
if getStateOnlyMutableValidators(
immutableValidators, db.backend,
subkey(Phase0BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators, key), output, rollback):
return true
case db.backend.getSnappySSZ(subkey(phase0.BeaconState, key), output)
of GetResult.found:
true
of GetResult.notFound:
false
of GetResult.corrupted:
rollback()
false
proc getState*(
db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest, output: var phase0.BeaconState,
rollback: RollbackProc): bool =
## Load state into `output` - BeaconState is large so we want to avoid
## re-allocating it if possible
## Return `true` iff the entry was found in the database and `output` was
## overwritten.
## Rollback will be called only if output was partially written - if it was
## not found at all, rollback will not be called
# TODO rollback is needed to deal with bug - use `noRollback` to ignore:
# https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/14126
# TODO RVO is inefficient for large objects:
# https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/13879
type T = type(output)
if not getStateOnlyMutableValidators(
db.immutableValidators, db.statesNoVal[T.toFork], key.data, output, rollback):
db.v0.getState(db.immutableValidators, key, output, rollback)
else:
true
proc getState*(
db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest,
output: var (altair.BeaconState | bellatrix.BeaconState),
rollback: RollbackProc): bool =
## Load state into `output` - BeaconState is large so we want to avoid
## re-allocating it if possible
## Return `true` iff the entry was found in the database and `output` was
## overwritten.
## Rollback will be called only if output was partially written - if it was
## not found at all, rollback will not be called
# TODO rollback is needed to deal with bug - use `noRollback` to ignore:
# https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/14126
# TODO RVO is inefficient for large objects:
# https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/13879
type T = type(output)
getStateOnlyMutableValidators(
db.immutableValidators, db.statesNoVal[T.toFork], key.data, output,
rollback)
proc getStateRoot(db: BeaconChainDBV0,
root: Eth2Digest,
slot: Slot): Opt[Eth2Digest] =
db.backend.getRaw(subkey(root, slot), Eth2Digest)
proc getStateRoot*(db: BeaconChainDB,
root: Eth2Digest,
slot: Slot): Opt[Eth2Digest] =
db.stateRoots.getRaw(stateRootKey(root, slot), Eth2Digest) or
db.v0.getStateRoot(root, slot)
proc getStateDiff*(db: BeaconChainDB,
root: Eth2Digest): Opt[BeaconStateDiff] =
result.ok(BeaconStateDiff())
if db.stateDiffs.getSnappySSZ(root.data, result.get) != GetResult.found:
result.err
proc getHeadBlock(db: BeaconChainDBV0): Opt[Eth2Digest] =
db.backend.getRaw(subkey(kHeadBlock), Eth2Digest)
proc getHeadBlock*(db: BeaconChainDB): Opt[Eth2Digest] =
db.keyValues.getRaw(subkey(kHeadBlock), Eth2Digest) or
db.v0.getHeadBlock()
proc getTailBlock(db: BeaconChainDBV0): Opt[Eth2Digest] =
db.backend.getRaw(subkey(kTailBlock), Eth2Digest)
proc getTailBlock*(db: BeaconChainDB): Opt[Eth2Digest] =
db.keyValues.getRaw(subkey(kTailBlock), Eth2Digest) or
db.v0.getTailBlock()
proc getGenesisBlock(db: BeaconChainDBV0): Opt[Eth2Digest] =
db.backend.getRaw(subkey(kGenesisBlock), Eth2Digest)
proc getGenesisBlock*(db: BeaconChainDB): Opt[Eth2Digest] =
db.keyValues.getRaw(subkey(kGenesisBlock), Eth2Digest) or
db.v0.getGenesisBlock()
proc getEth2FinalizedTo(db: BeaconChainDBV0): Opt[DepositContractSnapshot] =
result.ok(DepositContractSnapshot())
let r = db.backend.getSnappySSZ(subkey(kDepositsFinalizedByEth2), result.get)
if r != found: result.err()
proc getEth2FinalizedTo*(db: BeaconChainDB): Opt[DepositContractSnapshot] =
result.ok(DepositContractSnapshot())
let r = db.keyValues.getSnappySSZ(subkey(kDepositsFinalizedByEth2), result.get)
if r != found: return db.v0.getEth2FinalizedTo()
proc containsBlock*(db: BeaconChainDBV0, key: Eth2Digest): bool =
db.backend.contains(subkey(phase0.SignedBeaconBlock, key)).expectDb()
proc containsBlock*(
db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest,
T: type phase0.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock): bool =
db.blocks[T.toFork].contains(key.data).expectDb() or
db.v0.containsBlock(key)
proc containsBlock*[
X: altair.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock | bellatrix.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock](
db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest, T: type X): bool =
db.blocks[X.toFork].contains(key.data).expectDb()
proc containsBlock*(db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest, fork: BeaconBlockFork): bool =
case fork
of BeaconBlockFork.Phase0: containsBlock(db, key, phase0.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock)
else: db.blocks[fork].contains(key.data).expectDb()
proc containsBlock*(db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest): bool =
db.containsBlock(key, bellatrix.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock) or
db.containsBlock(key, altair.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock) or
db.containsBlock(key, phase0.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock)
proc containsState*(db: BeaconChainDBV0, key: Eth2Digest): bool =
let sk = subkey(Phase0BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators, key)
db.stateStore.contains(sk).expectDb() or
db.backend.contains(sk).expectDb() or
db.backend.contains(subkey(phase0.BeaconState, key)).expectDb()
proc containsState*(db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest, legacy: bool = true): bool =
db.statesNoVal[BeaconStateFork.Bellatrix].contains(key.data).expectDb or
db.statesNoVal[BeaconStateFork.Altair].contains(key.data).expectDb or
db.statesNoVal[BeaconStateFork.Phase0].contains(key.data).expectDb or
(legacy and db.v0.containsState(key))
proc getBeaconBlockSummary*(db: BeaconChainDB, root: Eth2Digest):
Opt[BeaconBlockSummary] =
var summary: BeaconBlockSummary
if db.summaries.getSSZ(root.data, summary) == GetResult.found:
ok(summary)
else:
err()
proc loadStateRoots*(db: BeaconChainDB): Table[(Slot, Eth2Digest), Eth2Digest] =
## Load all known state roots - just because we have a state root doesn't
## mean we also have a state (and vice versa)!
var state_roots = initTable[(Slot, Eth2Digest), Eth2Digest](1024)
discard db.state_roots.find([], proc(k, v: openArray[byte]) =
if k.len() == 40 and v.len() == 32:
# For legacy reasons, the first byte of the slot is not part of the slot
# but rather a subkey identifier - see subkey
var tmp = toArray(8, k.toOpenArray(0, 7))
tmp[0] = 0
state_roots[
(Slot(uint64.fromBytesBE(tmp)),
Eth2Digest(data: toArray(sizeof(Eth2Digest), k.toOpenArray(8, 39))))] =
Eth2Digest(data: toArray(sizeof(Eth2Digest), v))
else:
warn "Invalid state root in database", klen = k.len(), vlen = v.len()
)
state_roots
proc loadSummaries*(db: BeaconChainDB): Table[Eth2Digest, BeaconBlockSummary] =
# Load summaries into table - there's no telling what order they're in so we
# load them all - bugs in nim prevent this code from living in the iterator.
var summaries = initTable[Eth2Digest, BeaconBlockSummary](1024*1024)
discard db.summaries.find([], proc(k, v: openArray[byte]) =
var output: BeaconBlockSummary
if k.len() == sizeof(Eth2Digest) and decodeSSZ(v, output):
summaries[Eth2Digest(data: toArray(sizeof(Eth2Digest), k))] = output
else:
warn "Invalid summary in database", klen = k.len(), vlen = v.len()
)
summaries
type RootedSummary = tuple[root: Eth2Digest, summary: BeaconBlockSummary]
iterator getAncestorSummaries*(db: BeaconChainDB, root: Eth2Digest):
RootedSummary =
## Load a chain of ancestors for blck - iterates over the block starting from
## root and moving parent by parent
##
## The search will go on until an ancestor cannot be found.
var
res: RootedSummary
newSummaries: seq[RootedSummary]
res.root = root
# Yield summaries in reverse chain order by walking the parent references.
# If a summary is missing, try loading it from the older version or create one
# from block data.
const summariesQuery = """
WITH RECURSIVE
next(v) as (
SELECT value FROM beacon_block_summaries
WHERE `key` == ?
UNION ALL
SELECT value FROM beacon_block_summaries
INNER JOIN next ON `key` == substr(v, 9, 32)
)
SELECT v FROM next;
"""
let
stmt = expectDb db.db.prepareStmt(
summariesQuery, array[32, byte],
array[sizeof(BeaconBlockSummary), byte],
managed = false)
defer: # in case iteration is stopped along the way
# Write the newly found summaries in a single transaction - on first migration
# from the old format, this brings down the write from minutes to seconds
stmt.dispose()
if not db.db.readOnly:
if newSummaries.len() > 0:
db.withManyWrites:
for s in newSummaries:
db.putBeaconBlockSummary(s.root, s.summary)
# Clean up pre-altair summaries - by now, we will have moved them to the
# new table
db.db.exec(
"DELETE FROM kvstore WHERE key >= ? and key < ?",
([byte ord(kHashToBlockSummary)], [byte ord(kHashToBlockSummary) + 1])).expectDb()
var row: stmt.Result
for rowRes in exec(stmt, root.data, row):
expectDb rowRes
if decodeSSZ(row, res.summary):
yield res
res.root = res.summary.parent_root
# Backwards compat for reading old databases, or those that for whatever
# reason lost a summary along the way..
while true:
if db.v0.backend.getSnappySSZ(
subkey(BeaconBlockSummary, res.root), res.summary) == GetResult.found:
discard # Just yield below
elif (let blck = db.getBlock(res.root, phase0.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock); blck.isSome()):
res.summary = blck.get().message.toBeaconBlockSummary()
elif (let blck = db.getBlock(res.root, altair.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock); blck.isSome()):
res.summary = blck.get().message.toBeaconBlockSummary()
elif (let blck = db.getBlock(res.root, bellatrix.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock); blck.isSome()):
res.summary = blck.get().message.toBeaconBlockSummary()
else:
break
yield res
# Next time, load them from the right place
newSummaries.add(res)
res.root = res.summary.parent_root
# Test operations used to create broken and/or legacy database
proc putStateV0*(db: BeaconChainDB, key: Eth2Digest, value: phase0.BeaconState) =
# Writes to KVStore, as done in 1.0.12 and earlier
db.v0.backend.putSnappySSZ(subkey(type value, key), value)
proc putBlockV0*(db: BeaconChainDB, value: phase0.TrustedSignedBeaconBlock) =
# Write to KVStore, as done in 1.0.12 and earlier
# In particular, no summary is written here - it should be recreated
# automatically
db.v0.backend.putSnappySSZ(subkey(phase0.SignedBeaconBlock, value.root), value)
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