nimbus-eth2/beacon_chain/block_pool.nim

1183 lines
46 KiB
Nim

# beacon_chain
# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Status Research & Development GmbH
# Licensed and distributed under either of
# * MIT license (license terms in the root directory or at https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
# * Apache v2 license (license terms in the root directory or at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.
{.push raises: [Defect].}
import
chronicles, options, tables,
stew/[bitops2, results], ssz, beacon_chain_db, state_transition, extras, eth/db/kvstore,
beacon_node_types, metrics,
spec/[crypto, datatypes, digest, helpers, validator]
declareCounter beacon_reorgs_total, "Total occurrences of reorganizations of the chain" # On fork choice
declareCounter beacon_state_data_cache_hits, "pool.cachedStates hits"
declareCounter beacon_state_data_cache_misses, "pool.cachedStates misses"
logScope: topics = "blkpool"
proc updateStateData*(
pool: BlockPool, state: var StateData, bs: BlockSlot) {.gcsafe.}
proc add*(
pool: var BlockPool, blockRoot: Eth2Digest,
signedBlock: SignedBeaconBlock): BlockRef {.gcsafe.}
template withState*(
pool: BlockPool, cache: var StateData, blockSlot: BlockSlot, body: untyped): untyped =
## Helper template that updates state to a particular BlockSlot - usage of
## cache is unsafe outside of block.
## TODO async transformations will lead to a race where cache gets updated
## while waiting for future to complete - catch this here somehow?
updateStateData(pool, cache, blockSlot)
template hashedState(): HashedBeaconState {.inject, used.} = cache.data
template state(): BeaconState {.inject, used.} = cache.data.data
template blck(): BlockRef {.inject, used.} = cache.blck
template root(): Eth2Digest {.inject, used.} = cache.data.root
body
func parent*(bs: BlockSlot): BlockSlot =
## Return a blockslot representing the previous slot, using the parent block
## if the current slot had a block
if bs.slot == Slot(0):
BlockSlot(blck: nil, slot: Slot(0))
else:
BlockSlot(
blck: if bs.slot > bs.blck.slot: bs.blck else: bs.blck.parent,
slot: bs.slot - 1
)
func link(parent, child: BlockRef) =
doAssert (not (parent.root == Eth2Digest() or child.root == Eth2Digest())),
"blocks missing root!"
doAssert parent.root != child.root, "self-references not allowed"
child.parent = parent
parent.children.add(child)
func isAncestorOf*(a, b: BlockRef): bool =
var b = b
var depth = 0
const maxDepth = (100'i64 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 div SECONDS_PER_SLOT.int)
while true:
if a == b: return true
# for now, use an assert for block chain length since a chain this long
# indicates a circular reference here..
doAssert depth < maxDepth
depth += 1
if a.slot >= b.slot or b.parent.isNil:
return false
doAssert b.slot > b.parent.slot
b = b.parent
func getAncestorAt*(blck: BlockRef, slot: Slot): BlockRef =
## Return the most recent block as of the time at `slot` that not more recent
## than `blck` itself
var blck = blck
var depth = 0
const maxDepth = (100'i64 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 div SECONDS_PER_SLOT.int)
while true:
if blck.slot <= slot:
return blck
if blck.parent.isNil:
return nil
doAssert depth < maxDepth
depth += 1
blck = blck.parent
func get_ancestor*(blck: BlockRef, slot: Slot): BlockRef =
## https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/v0.11.1/specs/phase0/fork-choice.md#get_ancestor
## Return ancestor at slot, or nil if queried block is older
var blck = blck
var depth = 0
const maxDepth = (100'i64 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 div SECONDS_PER_SLOT.int)
while true:
if blck.slot == slot:
return blck
if blck.slot < slot:
return nil
if blck.parent.isNil:
return nil
doAssert depth < maxDepth
depth += 1
blck = blck.parent
func atSlot*(blck: BlockRef, slot: Slot): BlockSlot =
## Return a BlockSlot at a given slot, with the block set to the closest block
## available. If slot comes from before the block, a suitable block ancestor
## will be used, else blck is returned as if all slots after it were empty.
## This helper is useful when imagining what the chain looked like at a
## particular moment in time, or when imagining what it will look like in the
## near future if nothing happens (such as when looking ahead for the next
## block proposal)
BlockSlot(blck: blck.getAncestorAt(slot), slot: slot)
func init*(T: type BlockRef, root: Eth2Digest, slot: Slot): BlockRef =
BlockRef(
root: root,
slot: slot
)
func init*(T: type BlockRef, root: Eth2Digest, blck: BeaconBlock): BlockRef =
BlockRef.init(root, blck.slot)
proc init*(T: type BlockPool, db: BeaconChainDB,
updateFlags: UpdateFlags = {}): BlockPool =
# TODO we require that the db contains both a head and a tail block -
# asserting here doesn't seem like the right way to go about it however..
let
tailBlockRoot = db.getTailBlock()
headBlockRoot = db.getHeadBlock()
doAssert tailBlockRoot.isSome(), "Missing tail block, database corrupt?"
doAssert headBlockRoot.isSome(), "Missing head block, database corrupt?"
let
tailRoot = tailBlockRoot.get()
tailBlock = db.getBlock(tailRoot).get()
tailRef = BlockRef.init(tailRoot, tailBlock.message)
headRoot = headBlockRoot.get()
var
blocks = {tailRef.root: tailRef}.toTable()
headRef: BlockRef
if headRoot != tailRoot:
var curRef: BlockRef
for root, blck in db.getAncestors(headRoot):
if root == tailRef.root:
doAssert(not curRef.isNil)
link(tailRef, curRef)
curRef = curRef.parent
break
let newRef = BlockRef.init(root, blck.message)
if curRef == nil:
curRef = newRef
headRef = newRef
else:
link(newRef, curRef)
curRef = curRef.parent
blocks[curRef.root] = curRef
trace "Populating block pool", key = curRef.root, val = curRef
doAssert curRef == tailRef,
"head block does not lead to tail, database corrupt?"
else:
headRef = tailRef
var
bs = headRef.atSlot(headRef.slot)
tmpState = (ref StateData)()
# Now that we have a head block, we need to find the most recent state that
# we have saved in the database
while bs.blck != nil:
let root = db.getStateRoot(bs.blck.root, bs.slot)
if root.isSome():
# TODO load StateData from BeaconChainDB
# We save state root separately for empty slots which means we might
# sometimes not find a state even though we saved its state root
if db.getState(root.get(), tmpState.data.data, noRollback):
tmpState.data.root = root.get()
tmpState.blck = bs.blck
break
bs = bs.parent() # Iterate slot by slot in case there's a gap!
if tmpState.blck == nil:
warn "No state found in head history, database corrupt?"
# TODO Potentially we could recover from here instead of crashing - what
# would be a good recovery model?
raiseAssert "No state found in head history, database corrupt?"
# We presently save states on the epoch boundary - it means that the latest
# state we loaded might be older than head block - nonetheless, it will be
# from the same epoch as the head, thus the finalized and justified slots are
# the same - these only change on epoch boundaries.
let
finalizedSlot =
tmpState.data.data.finalized_checkpoint.epoch.compute_start_slot_at_epoch()
finalizedHead = headRef.atSlot(finalizedSlot)
justifiedSlot =
tmpState.data.data.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch.compute_start_slot_at_epoch()
justifiedHead = headRef.atSlot(justifiedSlot)
head = Head(blck: headRef, justified: justifiedHead)
justifiedBlock = db.getBlock(justifiedHead.blck.root).get()
doAssert justifiedHead.slot >= finalizedHead.slot,
"justified head comes before finalized head - database corrupt?"
let res = BlockPool(
pending: initTable[Eth2Digest, SignedBeaconBlock](),
missing: initTable[Eth2Digest, MissingBlock](),
blocks: blocks,
tail: tailRef,
head: head,
finalizedHead: finalizedHead,
db: db,
heads: @[head],
headState: tmpState[],
justifiedState: tmpState[], # This is wrong but we'll update it below
tmpState: tmpState[],
# The only allowed flag right now is verifyFinalization, as the others all
# allow skipping some validation.
updateFlags: {verifyFinalization} * updateFlags
)
doAssert res.updateFlags in [{}, {verifyFinalization}]
res.updateStateData(res.justifiedState, justifiedHead)
res.updateStateData(res.headState, headRef.atSlot(headRef.slot))
info "Block pool initialized",
head = head.blck, justifiedHead, finalizedHead, tail = tailRef,
totalBlocks = blocks.len
res
proc addResolvedBlock(
pool: var BlockPool, state: BeaconState, blockRoot: Eth2Digest,
signedBlock: SignedBeaconBlock, parent: BlockRef): BlockRef =
logScope: pcs = "block_resolution"
doAssert state.slot == signedBlock.message.slot, "state must match block"
let blockRef = BlockRef.init(blockRoot, signedBlock.message)
link(parent, blockRef)
pool.blocks[blockRoot] = blockRef
trace "Populating block pool", key = blockRoot, val = blockRef
# Resolved blocks should be stored in database
pool.db.putBlock(blockRoot, signedBlock)
# This block *might* have caused a justification - make sure we stow away
# that information:
let justifiedSlot =
state.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch.compute_start_slot_at_epoch()
var foundHead: Option[Head]
for head in pool.heads.mitems():
if head.blck.isAncestorOf(blockRef):
if head.justified.slot != justifiedSlot:
head.justified = blockRef.atSlot(justifiedSlot)
head.blck = blockRef
foundHead = some(head)
break
if foundHead.isNone():
foundHead = some(Head(
blck: blockRef,
justified: blockRef.atSlot(justifiedSlot)))
pool.heads.add(foundHead.get())
info "Block resolved",
blck = shortLog(signedBlock.message),
blockRoot = shortLog(blockRoot),
justifiedHead = foundHead.get().justified,
heads = pool.heads.len(),
cat = "filtering"
# Now that we have the new block, we should see if any of the previously
# unresolved blocks magically become resolved
# TODO there are more efficient ways of doing this that don't risk
# running out of stack etc
# TODO This code is convoluted because when there are more than ~1.5k
# blocks being synced, there's a stack overflow as `add` gets called
# for the whole chain of blocks. Instead we use this ugly field in `pool`
# which could be avoided by refactoring the code
if not pool.inAdd:
pool.inAdd = true
defer: pool.inAdd = false
var keepGoing = true
while keepGoing:
let retries = pool.pending
for k, v in retries:
discard pool.add(k, v)
# Keep going for as long as the pending pool is shrinking
# TODO inefficient! so what?
keepGoing = pool.pending.len < retries.len
blockRef
proc getState(
pool: BlockPool, db: BeaconChainDB, stateRoot: Eth2Digest, blck: BlockRef,
output: var StateData): bool =
let outputAddr = unsafeAddr output # local scope
func restore(v: var BeaconState) =
if outputAddr == (unsafeAddr pool.headState):
# TODO seeing the headState in the restore shouldn't happen - we load
# head states only when updating the head position, and by that time
# the database will have gone through enough sanity checks that
# SSZ exceptions shouldn't happen, which is when restore happens.
# Nonetheless, this is an ugly workaround that needs to go away
doAssert false, "Cannot alias headState"
outputAddr[] = pool.headState
if not db.getState(stateRoot, output.data.data, restore):
return false
output.blck = blck
output.data.root = stateRoot
true
func getStateCacheIndex(pool: BlockPool, blockRoot: Eth2Digest, slot: Slot): int =
for i, cachedState in pool.cachedStates:
let (cacheBlockRoot, cacheSlot, state) = cachedState
if cacheBlockRoot == blockRoot and cacheSlot == slot:
return i
-1
proc putState(pool: BlockPool, state: HashedBeaconState, blck: BlockRef) =
# TODO we save state at every epoch start but never remove them - we also
# potentially save multiple states per slot if reorgs happen, meaning
# we could easily see a state explosion
logScope: pcs = "save_state_at_epoch_start"
var rootWritten = false
if state.data.slot != blck.slot:
# This is a state that was produced by a skip slot for which there is no
# block - we'll save the state root in the database in case we need to
# replay the skip
pool.db.putStateRoot(blck.root, state.data.slot, state.root)
rootWritten = true
if state.data.slot.isEpoch:
if not pool.db.containsState(state.root):
info "Storing state",
blck = shortLog(blck),
stateSlot = shortLog(state.data.slot),
stateRoot = shortLog(state.root),
cat = "caching"
pool.db.putState(state.root, state.data)
if not rootWritten:
pool.db.putStateRoot(blck.root, state.data.slot, state.root)
# Need to be able to efficiently access states for both attestation
# aggregation and to process block proposals going back to the last
# finalized slot. Ideally to avoid potential combinatiorial forking
# storage and/or memory constraints could CoW, up to and including,
# in particular, hash_tree_root() which is expensive to do 30 times
# since the previous epoch, to efficiently state_transition back to
# desired slot. However, none of that's in place, so there are both
# expensive, repeated BeaconState copies as well as computationally
# time-consuming-near-end-of-epoch hash tree roots. The latter are,
# effectively, naïvely O(n^2) in slot number otherwise, so when the
# slots become in the mid-to-high-20s it's spending all its time in
# pointlessly repeated calculations of prefix-state-transitions. An
# intermediate time/memory workaround involves storing only mapping
# between BlockRefs, or BlockSlots, and the BeaconState tree roots,
# but that still involves tens of megabytes worth of copying, along
# with the concomitant memory allocator and GC load. Instead, use a
# more memory-intensive (but more conceptually straightforward, and
# faster) strategy to just store, for the most recent slots.
let stateCacheIndex = pool.getStateCacheIndex(blck.root, state.data.slot)
if stateCacheIndex == -1:
# Could use a deque or similar, but want simpler structure, and the data
# items are small and few.
const MAX_CACHE_SIZE = 32
insert(pool.cachedStates, (blck.root, state.data.slot, newClone(state)))
while pool.cachedStates.len > MAX_CACHE_SIZE:
discard pool.cachedStates.pop()
let cacheLen = pool.cachedStates.len
trace "BlockPool.putState(): state cache updated", cacheLen
doAssert cacheLen > 0 and cacheLen <= MAX_CACHE_SIZE
proc add*(
pool: var BlockPool, blockRoot: Eth2Digest,
signedBlock: SignedBeaconBlock): BlockRef {.gcsafe.} =
## return the block, if resolved...
## the state parameter may be updated to include the given block, if
## everything checks out
# TODO reevaluate passing the state in like this
let blck = signedBlock.message
doAssert blockRoot == hash_tree_root(blck)
logScope: pcs = "block_addition"
# Already seen this block??
pool.blocks.withValue(blockRoot, blockRef):
debug "Block already exists",
blck = shortLog(blck),
blockRoot = shortLog(blockRoot),
cat = "filtering"
return blockRef[]
pool.missing.del(blockRoot)
# If the block we get is older than what we finalized already, we drop it.
# One way this can happen is that we start resolving a block and finalization
# happens in the meantime - the block we requested will then be stale
# by the time it gets here.
if blck.slot <= pool.finalizedHead.slot:
debug "Old block, dropping",
blck = shortLog(blck),
finalizedHead = shortLog(pool.finalizedHead),
tail = shortLog(pool.tail),
blockRoot = shortLog(blockRoot),
cat = "filtering"
return
let parent = pool.blocks.getOrDefault(blck.parent_root)
if parent != nil:
if parent.slot >= blck.slot:
# TODO Malicious block? inform peer pool?
notice "Invalid block slot",
blck = shortLog(blck),
blockRoot = shortLog(blockRoot),
parentBlock = shortLog(parent)
return
# The block might have been in either of pending or missing - we don't want
# any more work done on its behalf
pool.pending.del(blockRoot)
# The block is resolved, now it's time to validate it to ensure that the
# blocks we add to the database are clean for the given state
# TODO if the block is from the future, we should not be resolving it (yet),
# but maybe we should use it as a hint that our clock is wrong?
updateStateData(
pool, pool.tmpState, BlockSlot(blck: parent, slot: blck.slot - 1))
let
poolPtr = unsafeAddr pool # safe because restore is short-lived
func restore(v: var HashedBeaconState) =
# TODO address this ugly workaround - there should probably be a
# `state_transition` that takes a `StateData` instead and updates
# the block as well
doAssert v.addr == addr poolPtr.tmpState.data
poolPtr.tmpState = poolPtr.headState
if not state_transition(
pool.tmpState.data, signedBlock, pool.updateFlags, restore):
# TODO find a better way to log all this block data
notice "Invalid block",
blck = shortLog(blck),
blockRoot = shortLog(blockRoot),
cat = "filtering"
return
# Careful, tmpState.data has been updated but not blck - we need to create
# the BlockRef first!
pool.tmpState.blck = pool.addResolvedBlock(
pool.tmpState.data.data, blockRoot, signedBlock, parent)
pool.putState(pool.tmpState.data, pool.tmpState.blck)
return pool.tmpState.blck
# TODO already checked hash though? main reason to keep this is because
# the pending pool calls this function back later in a loop, so as long
# as pool.add(...) requires a SignedBeaconBlock, easier to keep them in
# pending too.
pool.pending[blockRoot] = signedBlock
# TODO possibly, it makes sense to check the database - that would allow sync
# to simply fill up the database with random blocks the other clients
# think are useful - but, it would also risk filling the database with
# junk that's not part of the block graph
if blck.parent_root in pool.missing or
blck.parent_root in pool.pending:
return
# This is an unresolved block - put its parent on the missing list for now...
# TODO if we receive spam blocks, one heurestic to implement might be to wait
# for a couple of attestations to appear before fetching parents - this
# would help prevent using up network resources for spam - this serves
# two purposes: one is that attestations are likely to appear for the
# block only if it's valid / not spam - the other is that malicious
# validators that are not proposers can sign invalid blocks and send
# them out without penalty - but signing invalid attestations carries
# a risk of being slashed, making attestations a more valuable spam
# filter.
# TODO when we receive the block, we don't know how many others we're missing
# from that branch, so right now, we'll just do a blind guess
let parentSlot = blck.slot - 1
pool.missing[blck.parent_root] = MissingBlock(
slots:
# The block is at least two slots ahead - try to grab whole history
if parentSlot > pool.head.blck.slot:
parentSlot - pool.head.blck.slot
else:
# It's a sibling block from a branch that we're missing - fetch one
# epoch at a time
max(1.uint64, SLOTS_PER_EPOCH.uint64 -
(parentSlot.uint64 mod SLOTS_PER_EPOCH.uint64))
)
debug "Unresolved block (parent missing)",
blck = shortLog(blck),
blockRoot = shortLog(blockRoot),
pending = pool.pending.len,
missing = pool.missing.len,
cat = "filtering"
func getRef*(pool: BlockPool, root: Eth2Digest): BlockRef =
## Retrieve a resolved block reference, if available
pool.blocks.getOrDefault(root, nil)
func getBlockRange*(
pool: BlockPool, startSlot: Slot, skipStep: Natural,
output: var openArray[BlockRef]): Natural =
## This function populates an `output` buffer of blocks
## with a slots ranging from `startSlot` up to, but not including,
## `startSlot + skipStep * output.len`, skipping any slots that don't have
## a block.
##
## Blocks will be written to `output` from the end without gaps, even if
## a block is missing in a particular slot. The return value shows how
## many slots were missing blocks - to iterate over the result, start
## at this index.
##
## If there were no blocks in the range, `output.len` will be returned.
let count = output.len
trace "getBlockRange entered",
head = shortLog(pool.head.blck.root), count, startSlot, skipStep
let
skipStep = max(1, skipStep) # Treat 0 step as 1
endSlot = startSlot + uint64(count * skipStep)
var
b = pool.head.blck.atSlot(endSlot)
o = count
for i in 0..<count:
for j in 0..<skipStep:
b = b.parent
if b.blck.slot == b.slot:
dec o
output[o] = b.blck
# Make sure the given input is cleared, just in case
for i in 0..<o:
output[i] = nil
o # Return the index of the first non-nil item in the output
func getBlockBySlot*(pool: BlockPool, slot: Slot): BlockRef =
## Retrieves the first block in the current canonical chain
## with slot number less or equal to `slot`.
pool.head.blck.atSlot(slot).blck
func getBlockByPreciseSlot*(pool: BlockPool, slot: Slot): BlockRef =
## Retrieves a block from the canonical chain with a slot
## number equal to `slot`.
let found = pool.getBlockBySlot(slot)
if found.slot != slot: found else: nil
proc get*(pool: BlockPool, blck: BlockRef): BlockData =
## Retrieve the associated block body of a block reference
doAssert (not blck.isNil), "Trying to get nil BlockRef"
let data = pool.db.getBlock(blck.root)
doAssert data.isSome, "BlockRef without backing data, database corrupt?"
BlockData(data: data.get(), refs: blck)
proc get*(pool: BlockPool, root: Eth2Digest): Option[BlockData] =
## Retrieve a resolved block reference and its associated body, if available
let refs = pool.getRef(root)
if not refs.isNil:
some(pool.get(refs))
else:
none(BlockData)
func getOrResolve*(pool: var BlockPool, root: Eth2Digest): BlockRef =
## Fetch a block ref, or nil if not found (will be added to list of
## blocks-to-resolve)
result = pool.getRef(root)
if result.isNil:
pool.missing[root] = MissingBlock(slots: 1)
func checkMissing*(pool: var BlockPool): seq[FetchRecord] =
## Return a list of blocks that we should try to resolve from other client -
## to be called periodically but not too often (once per slot?)
var done: seq[Eth2Digest]
for k, v in pool.missing.mpairs():
if v.tries > 8:
done.add(k)
else:
inc v.tries
for k in done:
# TODO Need to potentially remove from pool.pending - this is currently a
# memory leak here!
pool.missing.del(k)
# simple (simplistic?) exponential backoff for retries..
for k, v in pool.missing.pairs():
if countOnes(v.tries.uint64) == 1:
result.add(FetchRecord(root: k, historySlots: v.slots))
proc skipAndUpdateState(
pool: BlockPool,
state: var HashedBeaconState, blck: BlockRef, slot: Slot, save: bool) =
while state.data.slot < slot:
# Process slots one at a time in case afterUpdate needs to see empty states
# TODO when replaying, we already do this query when loading the ancestors -
# save and reuse
# TODO possibly we should keep this in memory for the hot blocks
let nextStateRoot = pool.db.getStateRoot(blck.root, state.data.slot + 1)
advance_slot(state, nextStateRoot, pool.updateFlags)
if save:
pool.putState(state, blck)
proc skipAndUpdateState(
pool: BlockPool,
state: var StateData, blck: BlockData, flags: UpdateFlags, save: bool): bool =
pool.skipAndUpdateState(
state.data, blck.refs, blck.data.message.slot - 1, save)
var statePtr = unsafeAddr state # safe because `restore` is locally scoped
func restore(v: var HashedBeaconState) =
doAssert (addr(statePtr.data) == addr v)
statePtr[] = pool.headState
let ok = state_transition(
state.data, blck.data, flags + pool.updateFlags, restore)
if ok and save:
pool.putState(state.data, blck.refs)
ok
proc rewindState(pool: BlockPool, state: var StateData, bs: BlockSlot):
seq[BlockData] =
logScope: pcs = "replay_state"
var ancestors = @[pool.get(bs.blck)]
# Common case: the last block applied is the parent of the block to apply:
if not bs.blck.parent.isNil and state.blck.root == bs.blck.parent.root and
state.data.data.slot < bs.blck.slot:
return ancestors
# It appears that the parent root of the proposed new block is different from
# what we expected. We will have to rewind the state to a point along the
# chain of ancestors of the new block. We will do this by loading each
# successive parent block and checking if we can find the corresponding state
# in the database.
var
stateRoot = block:
let tmp = pool.db.getStateRoot(bs.blck.root, bs.slot)
if tmp.isSome() and pool.db.containsState(tmp.get()):
tmp
else:
# State roots are sometimes kept in database even though state is not
err(Opt[Eth2Digest])
curBs = bs
while stateRoot.isNone():
let parBs = curBs.parent()
if parBs.blck.isNil:
break # Bug probably!
if parBs.blck != curBs.blck:
ancestors.add(pool.get(parBs.blck))
# TODO investigate replacing with getStateCached, by refactoring whole
# function. Empirically, this becomes pretty rare once good caches are
# used in the front-end.
let idx = pool.getStateCacheIndex(parBs.blck.root, parBs.slot)
if idx >= 0:
state.data = pool.cachedStates[idx].state[]
let ancestor = ancestors.pop()
state.blck = ancestor.refs
beacon_state_data_cache_hits.inc()
trace "Replaying state transitions via in-memory cache",
stateSlot = shortLog(state.data.data.slot),
ancestorStateRoot = shortLog(ancestor.data.message.state_root),
ancestorStateSlot = shortLog(state.data.data.slot),
slot = shortLog(bs.slot),
blockRoot = shortLog(bs.blck.root),
ancestors = ancestors.len,
cat = "replay_state"
return ancestors
beacon_state_data_cache_misses.inc()
if (let tmp = pool.db.getStateRoot(parBs.blck.root, parBs.slot); tmp.isSome()):
if pool.db.containsState(tmp.get):
stateRoot = tmp
break
curBs = parBs
if stateRoot.isNone():
# TODO this should only happen if the database is corrupt - we walked the
# list of parent blocks and couldn't find a corresponding state in the
# database, which should never happen (at least we should have the
# tail state in there!)
error "Couldn't find ancestor state root!",
blockRoot = shortLog(bs.blck.root),
blockSlot = shortLog(bs.blck.slot),
slot = shortLog(bs.slot),
cat = "crash"
doAssert false, "Oh noes, we passed big bang!"
let
ancestor = ancestors.pop()
root = stateRoot.get()
found = pool.getState(pool.db, root, ancestor.refs, state)
if not found:
# TODO this should only happen if the database is corrupt - we walked the
# list of parent blocks and couldn't find a corresponding state in the
# database, which should never happen (at least we should have the
# tail state in there!)
error "Couldn't find ancestor state or block parent missing!",
blockRoot = shortLog(bs.blck.root),
blockSlot = shortLog(bs.blck.slot),
slot = shortLog(bs.slot),
cat = "crash"
doAssert false, "Oh noes, we passed big bang!"
trace "Replaying state transitions",
stateSlot = shortLog(state.data.data.slot),
ancestorStateRoot = shortLog(ancestor.data.message.state_root),
ancestorStateSlot = shortLog(state.data.data.slot),
slot = shortLog(bs.slot),
blockRoot = shortLog(bs.blck.root),
ancestors = ancestors.len,
cat = "replay_state"
ancestors
proc getStateDataCached(pool: BlockPool, state: var StateData, bs: BlockSlot): bool =
# This pointedly does not run rewindState or state_transition, but otherwise
# mostly matches updateStateData(...), because it's too expensive to run the
# rewindState(...)/skipAndUpdateState(...)/state_transition(...) procs, when
# each hash_tree_root(...) consumes a nontrivial fraction of a second.
when false:
# For debugging/development purposes to assess required lookback window for
# any given use case.
doAssert state.data.data.slot <= bs.slot + 4
let idx = pool.getStateCacheIndex(bs.blck.root, bs.slot)
if idx >= 0:
state.data = pool.cachedStates[idx].state[]
state.blck = bs.blck
beacon_state_data_cache_hits.inc()
return true
# In-memory caches didn't hit. Try main blockpool database. This is slower
# than the caches due to SSZ (de)serializing and disk I/O, so prefer them.
beacon_state_data_cache_misses.inc()
if (let tmp = pool.db.getStateRoot(bs.blck.root, bs.slot); tmp.isSome()):
return pool.getState(pool.db, tmp.get(), bs.blck, state)
false
proc updateStateData*(pool: BlockPool, state: var StateData, bs: BlockSlot) =
## Rewind or advance state such that it matches the given block and slot -
## this may include replaying from an earlier snapshot if blck is on a
## different branch or has advanced to a higher slot number than slot
## If slot is higher than blck.slot, replay will fill in with empty/non-block
## slots, else it is ignored
# We need to check the slot because the state might have moved forwards
# without blocks
if state.blck.root == bs.blck.root and state.data.data.slot <= bs.slot:
if state.data.data.slot != bs.slot:
# Might be that we're moving to the same block but later slot
pool.skipAndUpdateState(state.data, bs.blck, bs.slot, true)
return # State already at the right spot
if pool.getStateDataCached(state, bs):
return
let ancestors = rewindState(pool, state, bs)
# If we come this far, we found the state root. The last block on the stack
# is the one that produced this particular state, so we can pop it
# TODO it might be possible to use the latest block hashes from the state to
# do this more efficiently.. whatever!
# Time to replay all the blocks between then and now. We skip one because
# it's the one that we found the state with, and it has already been
# applied. Pathologically quadratic in slot number, naïvely.
for i in countdown(ancestors.len - 1, 0):
# Because the ancestors are in the database, there's no need to persist them
# again. Also, because we're applying blocks that were loaded from the
# database, we can skip certain checks that have already been performed
# before adding the block to the database. In particular, this means that
# no state root calculation will take place here, because we can load
# the final state root from the block itself.
let ok =
pool.skipAndUpdateState(
state, ancestors[i],
{skipBlsValidation, skipMerkleValidation, skipStateRootValidation},
false)
doAssert ok, "Blocks in database should never fail to apply.."
# We save states here - blocks were guaranteed to have passed through the save
# function once at least, but not so for empty slots!
pool.skipAndUpdateState(state.data, bs.blck, bs.slot, true)
state.blck = bs.blck
proc loadTailState*(pool: BlockPool): StateData =
## Load the state associated with the current tail in the pool
let stateRoot = pool.db.getBlock(pool.tail.root).get().message.state_root
let found = pool.getState(pool.db, stateRoot, pool.tail, result)
# TODO turn into regular error, this can happen
doAssert found, "Failed to load tail state, database corrupt?"
proc delState(pool: BlockPool, bs: BlockSlot) =
# Delete state state and mapping for a particular block+slot
if (let root = pool.db.getStateRoot(bs.blck.root, bs.slot); root.isSome()):
pool.db.delState(root.get())
proc updateHead*(pool: BlockPool, newHead: BlockRef) =
## Update what we consider to be the current head, as given by the fork
## choice.
## The choice of head affects the choice of finalization point - the order
## of operations naturally becomes important here - after updating the head,
## blocks that were once considered potential candidates for a tree will
## now fall from grace, or no longer be considered resolved.
doAssert newHead.parent != nil or newHead.slot == 0
logScope: pcs = "fork_choice"
if pool.head.blck == newHead:
info "No head block update",
head = shortLog(newHead),
cat = "fork_choice"
return
let
lastHead = pool.head
pool.db.putHeadBlock(newHead.root)
# Start off by making sure we have the right state
updateStateData(
pool, pool.headState, BlockSlot(blck: newHead, slot: newHead.slot))
let
justifiedSlot = pool.headState.data.data
.current_justified_checkpoint
.epoch
.compute_start_slot_at_epoch()
justifiedBS = newHead.atSlot(justifiedSlot)
pool.head = Head(blck: newHead, justified: justifiedBS)
updateStateData(pool, pool.justifiedState, justifiedBS)
# TODO isAncestorOf may be expensive - too expensive?
if not lastHead.blck.isAncestorOf(newHead):
info "Updated head block (new parent)",
lastHead = shortLog(lastHead.blck),
headParent = shortLog(newHead.parent),
stateRoot = shortLog(pool.headState.data.root),
headBlock = shortLog(pool.headState.blck),
stateSlot = shortLog(pool.headState.data.data.slot),
justifiedEpoch = shortLog(pool.headState.data.data.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch),
finalizedEpoch = shortLog(pool.headState.data.data.finalized_checkpoint.epoch),
cat = "fork_choice"
# A reasonable criterion for "reorganizations of the chain"
beacon_reorgs_total.inc()
else:
info "Updated head block",
stateRoot = shortLog(pool.headState.data.root),
headBlock = shortLog(pool.headState.blck),
stateSlot = shortLog(pool.headState.data.data.slot),
justifiedEpoch = shortLog(pool.headState.data.data.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch),
finalizedEpoch = shortLog(pool.headState.data.data.finalized_checkpoint.epoch),
cat = "fork_choice"
let
finalizedEpochStartSlot =
pool.headState.data.data.finalized_checkpoint.epoch.
compute_start_slot_at_epoch()
# TODO there might not be a block at the epoch boundary - what then?
finalizedHead = newHead.atSlot(finalizedEpochStartSlot)
doAssert (not finalizedHead.blck.isNil),
"Block graph should always lead to a finalized block"
if finalizedHead != pool.finalizedHead:
block: # Remove states, walking slot by slot
discard
# TODO this is very aggressive - in theory all our operations start at
# the finalized block so all states before that can be wiped..
# TODO this is disabled for now because the logic for initializing the
# block pool and potentially a few other places depend on certain
# states (like the tail state) being present. It's also problematic
# because it is not clear what happens when tail and finalized states
# happen on an empty slot..
# var cur = finalizedHead
# while cur != pool.finalizedHead:
# cur = cur.parent
# pool.delState(cur)
block: # Clean up block refs, walking block by block
var cur = finalizedHead.blck
while cur != pool.finalizedHead.blck:
# Finalization means that we choose a single chain as the canonical one -
# it also means we're no longer interested in any branches from that chain
# up to the finalization point.
# The new finalized head should not be cleaned! We start at its parent and
# clean everything including the old finalized head.
cur = cur.parent
# TODO what about attestations? we need to drop those too, though they
# *should* be pretty harmless
if cur.parent != nil: # This happens for the genesis / tail block
for child in cur.parent.children:
if child != cur:
# TODO also remove states associated with the unviable forks!
# TODO the easiest thing to do here would probably be to use
# pool.heads to find unviable heads, then walk those chains
# and remove everything.. currently, if there's a child with
# children of its own, those children will not be pruned
# correctly from the database
pool.blocks.del(child.root)
pool.db.delBlock(child.root)
cur.parent.children = @[cur]
pool.finalizedHead = finalizedHead
let hlen = pool.heads.len
for i in 0..<hlen:
let n = hlen - i - 1
if not pool.finalizedHead.blck.isAncestorOf(pool.heads[n].blck):
# Any heads that are not derived from the newly finalized block are no
# longer viable candidates for future head selection
pool.heads.del(n)
info "Finalized block",
finalizedHead = shortLog(finalizedHead),
head = shortLog(newHead),
heads = pool.heads.len,
cat = "fork_choice"
# TODO prune everything before weak subjectivity period
func latestJustifiedBlock*(pool: BlockPool): BlockSlot =
## Return the most recent block that is justified and at least as recent
## as the latest finalized block
doAssert pool.heads.len > 0,
"We should have at least the genesis block in heaads"
doAssert (not pool.head.blck.isNil()),
"Genesis block will be head, if nothing else"
# Prefer stability: use justified block from current head to break ties!
result = pool.head.justified
for head in pool.heads[1 ..< ^0]:
if head.justified.slot > result.slot:
result = head.justified
proc isInitialized*(T: type BlockPool, db: BeaconChainDB): bool =
let
headBlockRoot = db.getHeadBlock()
tailBlockRoot = db.getTailBlock()
if not (headBlockRoot.isSome() and tailBlockRoot.isSome()):
return false
let
headBlock = db.getBlock(headBlockRoot.get())
tailBlock = db.getBlock(tailBlockRoot.get())
if not (headBlock.isSome() and tailBlock.isSome()):
return false
if not db.containsState(tailBlock.get().message.state_root):
return false
return true
proc preInit*(
T: type BlockPool, db: BeaconChainDB, state: BeaconState,
signedBlock: SignedBeaconBlock) =
# write a genesis state, the way the BlockPool expects it to be stored in
# database
# TODO probably should just init a blockpool with the freshly written
# state - but there's more refactoring needed to make it nice - doing
# a minimal patch for now..
let
blockRoot = hash_tree_root(signedBlock.message)
doAssert signedBlock.message.state_root == hash_tree_root(state)
notice "New database from snapshot",
blockRoot = shortLog(blockRoot),
stateRoot = shortLog(signedBlock.message.state_root),
fork = state.fork,
validators = state.validators.len(),
cat = "initialization"
db.putState(state)
db.putBlock(signedBlock)
db.putTailBlock(blockRoot)
db.putHeadBlock(blockRoot)
db.putStateRoot(blockRoot, state.slot, signedBlock.message.state_root)
proc getProposer*(pool: BlockPool, head: BlockRef, slot: Slot): Option[ValidatorPubKey] =
pool.withState(pool.tmpState, head.atSlot(slot)):
var cache = get_empty_per_epoch_cache()
# https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/v0.11.1/specs/phase0/validator.md#validator-assignments
let proposerIdx = get_beacon_proposer_index(state, cache)
if proposerIdx.isNone:
warn "Missing proposer index",
slot=slot,
epoch=slot.compute_epoch_at_slot,
num_validators=state.validators.len,
active_validators=
get_active_validator_indices(state, slot.compute_epoch_at_slot),
balances=state.balances
return
return some(state.validators[proposerIdx.get()].pubkey)
# https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/v0.11.1/specs/phase0/p2p-interface.md#global-topics
proc isValidBeaconBlock*(pool: var BlockPool,
signed_beacon_block: SignedBeaconBlock, current_slot: Slot,
flags: UpdateFlags): bool =
# In general, checks are ordered from cheap to expensive. Especially, crypto
# verification could be quite a bit more expensive than the rest. This is an
# externally easy-to-invoke function by tossing network packets at the node.
# The block is not from a future slot
# TODO allow `MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY` leniency, especially towards
# seemingly future slots.
if not (signed_beacon_block.message.slot <= current_slot):
debug "isValidBeaconBlock: block is from a future slot",
signed_beacon_block_message_slot = signed_beacon_block.message.slot,
current_slot = current_slot
return false
# The block is from a slot greater than the latest finalized slot (with a
# MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY allowance) -- i.e. validate that
# signed_beacon_block.message.slot >
# compute_start_slot_at_epoch(state.finalized_checkpoint.epoch)
if not (signed_beacon_block.message.slot > pool.finalizedHead.slot):
debug "isValidBeaconBlock: block is not from a slot greater than the latest finalized slot"
return false
# The block is the first block with valid signature received for the proposer
# for the slot, signed_beacon_block.message.slot.
#
# While this condition is similar to the proposer slashing condition at
# https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/v0.11.1/specs/phase0/validator.md#proposer-slashing
# it's not identical, and this check does not address slashing:
#
# (1) The beacon blocks must be conflicting, i.e. different, for the same
# slot and proposer. This check also catches identical blocks.
#
# (2) By this point in the function, it's not been checked whether they're
# signed yet. As in general, expensive checks should be deferred, this
# would add complexity not directly relevant this function.
#
# (3) As evidenced by point (1), the similarity in the validation condition
# and slashing condition, while not coincidental, aren't similar enough
# to combine, as one or the other might drift.
#
# (4) Furthermore, this function, as much as possible, simply returns a yes
# or no answer, without modifying other state for p2p network interface
# validation. Complicating this interface, for the sake of sharing only
# couple lines of code, wouldn't be worthwhile.
#
# TODO might check unresolved/orphaned blocks too, and this might not see all
# blocks at a given slot (though, in theory, those get checked elsewhere), or
# adding metrics that count how often these conditions occur.
let
slotBlockRef = getBlockBySlot(pool, signed_beacon_block.message.slot)
if not slotBlockRef.isNil:
let blck = pool.get(slotBlockRef).data
if blck.message.proposer_index ==
signed_beacon_block.message.proposer_index and
blck.message.slot == signed_beacon_block.message.slot and
blck.signature.toRaw() != signed_beacon_block.signature.toRaw():
debug "isValidBeaconBlock: block isn't first block with valid signature received for the proposer",
signed_beacon_block_message_slot = signed_beacon_block.message.slot,
blckRef = slotBlockRef,
received_block = shortLog(signed_beacon_block.message),
existing_block = shortLog(pool.get(slotBlockRef).data.message)
return false
# If this block doesn't have a parent we know about, we can't/don't really
# trace it back to a known-good state/checkpoint to verify its prevenance;
# while one could getOrResolve to queue up searching for missing parent it
# might not be the best place. As much as feasible, this function aims for
# answering yes/no, not queuing other action or otherwise altering state.
let parent_ref = pool.getRef(signed_beacon_block.message.parent_root)
if parent_ref.isNil:
# This doesn't mean a block is forever invalid, only that we haven't seen
# its ancestor blocks yet. While that means for now it should be blocked,
# at least, from libp2p propagation, it shouldn't be ignored. TODO, if in
# the future this block moves from pending to being resolved, consider if
# it's worth broadcasting it then.
# Pending pool gets checked via `BlockPool.add(...)` later, and relevant
# checks are performed there. In usual paths beacon_node adds blocks via
# BlockPool.add(...) directly, with no additional validity checks. TODO,
# not specific to this, but by the pending pool keying on the htr of the
# BeaconBlock, not SignedBeaconBlock, opens up certain spoofing attacks.
pool.pending[hash_tree_root(signed_beacon_block.message)] =
signed_beacon_block
return false
# The proposer signature, signed_beacon_block.signature, is valid with
# respect to the proposer_index pubkey.
let bs =
BlockSlot(blck: parent_ref, slot: pool.get(parent_ref).data.message.slot)
pool.withState(pool.tmpState, bs):
let
blockRoot = hash_tree_root(signed_beacon_block.message)
domain = get_domain(pool.headState.data.data, DOMAIN_BEACON_PROPOSER,
compute_epoch_at_slot(signed_beacon_block.message.slot))
signing_root = compute_signing_root(blockRoot, domain)
proposer_index = signed_beacon_block.message.proposer_index
if proposer_index >= pool.headState.data.data.validators.len.uint64:
return false
if not blsVerify(pool.headState.data.data.validators[proposer_index].pubkey,
signing_root.data, signed_beacon_block.signature):
debug "isValidBeaconBlock: block failed signature verification"
return false
true