* Revert "Revert "Upgrade database schema" (#2570)"
This reverts commit 6057c2ffb4.
* ssz: fix loading empty lists into existing instances
Not a problem earlier because we didn't reuse instances
* bump nim-eth
* bump nim-web3
The `kvstore` design we're using now turns out to not be the best way to
use `sqlite` - in particular, there are some significant benefits to
using rowid in certain situations and to keep data in separate tables.
With this branch, there are massive improvements in startup time
(seconds instead of minutes) and state/block storage and pruning times
(milliseconds instead of seconds) - these improvements can in particular
be seen on slow drives and translate directly into better attestation
performance.
* update kvstore to new keyspace design
* remove `DirStoreRef` and the hidden `--state-db-kind` option - this
was an experiment to store large blobs in files, but with the new
kvstore, there's no compelling reason to do so
* remove `DbMap` - unused and would need updating for new keyspace
design
* introduce separate tables for each data type (blocks, states etc)
* remove "WITHOUT ROWID" pessimization for tables with large blobs
* close DbSeq statements explicitly (and earlier)
* store beacon block summaries in separate table, without SSZ
compression and load them all with single query on startup
* stop storing backwards compat full states
* mark genesis beacon block as trusted
* avoid faststreams when loading SSZ data
* remove `DisagreementBehavior` (unused)
Currently, we have a bit of a convoluted flow where when sending
attestations, we start broadcasting them over gossip then pass them to
the attestation validation to include them in the local attestation pool
- it should be the other way around: we should be checking attestations
_before_ gossipping them - this serves as an additional safety net to
ensure that we don't publish junk - this becomes more important when
publishing attestations from the API.
Also, the REST API was performing its own validation meaning
attestations coming from REST would be validated twice - finally, the
JSON RPC wasn't pre-validating and would happily broadcast invalid
attestations.
* Unified attestation production pipeline with the same flow for gossip,
locally and API-produced attestations: all are now validated and entered
into the pool, then broadcast/republished
* Refactor subnet handling with specific SubnetId alias, streamlining
where subnets are computed, avoiding the need to pass around the number
of active validators
* Move some of the subnet handling code to eth2_network
* Use BitArray throughout for subnet handling
This also makes future efforts to provide metrics and logs for
attestation efficiency easier
* Export rewards from epoch transition
* Use less memory for reward calculation (bool -> set[enum], field
alignment)
* Reuse reward memory when replaying, avoiding spike
* Allow replaying any range in ncli_db benchmark
* REST API test framework and tests.
* Fix ValidatorIndex tests to properly handle int32, but not uint32 values.
* Fix tests to follow latest REST fixes.
* refactor restapi.sh
and add it to the test suite
* Fix issues.
Add delay timeout which is required.
* Fix restapi.sh script for Windows.
Co-authored-by: Ștefan Talpalaru <stefantalpalaru@yahoo.com>
* set upper bound on EpochRef cache
* max 32 EpochRef instances
* less memory waste in BlockRef by removing EpochRef seq that is mostly
unused (~20mb)
* less memory waste in dag block lookup by not keeping an extra copy of
digest (~70mb)
* fix `==` and `$` for Eth2Digest
* remove `ChainDAG.tmpState` (~50mb?)
all in all, this branch cuts mainnet memory usage by ~160-180mb and puts
limits on EpochRef cache usage - where normally it hovered around 950mb
before, it's now sitting at 600-700mb on my machine.
* docs
* initial immutable validator database factoring
* remove changes from chain_dag: this abstraction properly belongs in beacon_chain_db
* add merging mutable/immutable validator portions; individually test database roundtripping of immutable validators and states-sans-immutable-validators
* update test summaries
* use stew/assign2 instead of Nim assignment
* add reading/writing of immutable validators in chaindag
* remove unused import
* replace chunked k/v store of immutable validators with per-row SQL table storage
* use List instead of HashList
* un-stub some ncli_db code so that it uses
* switch HashArray to array; move BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators from datatypes to beacon_chain_db
* begin only-mutable-part state storage
* uncomment some assigns
* work around https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/17253
* fix most of the issues/oversights; local sim runs again
* fix test suite by adding missing beaconstate field to copy function
* have ncli bench also store immutable validators
* extract some immutable-validator-specific code from the beacon chain db module
* add more rigorous database state roundtripping, with changing validator sets
* adjust ncli_db to use new schema
* simplify putState/getState by moving all immutable validator accounting into beacon state DB
* remove redundant test case and move code to immutable-beacon-chain module
* more efficient, but still brute-force, mutable+immutable validator merging
* reuse BeaconState in getState
* ensure HashList/HashArray caches are cleared when reusing getState buffers; add ncli_db and a unit test to verify this
* HashList.clear() -> HashList.clearCache()
* only copy incrementally necessary immutable validators
* increase strictness of test cases and fix/work around resulting HashList cache invalidation issues
* remove explanatory scaffolding
* allow for storage of full (with all validators) states for backwards/forwards-compatibility
* adjust DbSeq type usage
* store full, with-validators, state every 64 epochs to enable reverting versions
* reduce memory allocation and intermediate objects in state storage codepath
* eliminate allocation/copying through intermediate BeaconStateNoImmutableValidators objects
* skip benchmarking initial genesis-validator-heavy state store
* always store new-style state and sometimes old-style state
* document intent behind BeaconState/Validator type-punnery
* more accurate failure message on SQLite in-memory database initialization failure
Era files contain 8192 blocks and a state corresponding to the length of
the array holding block roots in the state, meaning that each block is
verifiable using the pubkeys and block roots from the state. Of course,
one would need to know the root of the state as well, which is available
in the first block of the _next_ file - or known from outside.
This PR also adds an implementation to write e2s, e2i and era files, as
well as a python script to inspect them.
All in all, the format is very similar to what goes on in the network
requests meaning it can trivially serve as a backing format for serving
said requests.
Mainnet, up to the first 671k slots, take up 3.5gb - in each era file,
the BeaconState contributes about 9mb at current validator set sizes, up
from ~3mb in the early blocks, for a grand total of ~558mb for the 82 eras
tested - this overhead could potentially be calculated but one would lose
the ability to verify individual blocks (eras could still be verified using
historical roots).
```
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arnetheduck arnetheduck 16 5 mar 11.47 ethereum2-mainnet-00000000-00000001.e2i
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arnetheduck arnetheduck 1,8M 5 mar 11.47 ethereum2-mainnet-00000000-00000001.e2s
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arnetheduck arnetheduck 65K 5 mar 11.47 ethereum2-mainnet-00000001-00000001.e2i
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arnetheduck arnetheduck 18M 5 mar 11.47 ethereum2-mainnet-00000001-00000001.e2s
...
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arnetheduck arnetheduck 65K 5 mar 11.52 ethereum2-mainnet-00000051-00000001.e2i
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arnetheduck arnetheduck 68M 5 mar 11.52 ethereum2-mainnet-00000051-00000001.e2s
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arnetheduck arnetheduck 61K 5 mar 11.11 ethereum2-mainnet-00000052-00000001.e2i
-rw-rw-r--. 1 arnetheduck arnetheduck 62M 5 mar 11.11 ethereum2-mainnet-00000052-00000001.e2s
```
* database state storage benchmarking via ncli_db
* more cleanups from immutable validator state branch
* unexport some eth2_network constants and remove unused variables/templates
* make two PeerScore constants public
* Create CLI tool for slashing export
* Use SQLite as a DB instead of a KV-store
* Keeps v1 and v2 DBs around
* Uses the same schema as Lighthouse v1.1.0
* Passes all interchange tests + skeleton of finalization pruning
* Removes tests that would violate v5 / minimal slashing DB and MinSlot rules
* Migration tool added using low-watermark scheme for faster migration of large number of validators
* performance fixes
* don't mark tree cache as dirty on read-only List accesses
* store only blob in memory for keys and signatures, parse blob lazily
* compare public keys by blob instead of parsing / converting to raw
* compare Eth2Digest using non-constant-time comparison
* avoid some unnecessary validator copying
This branch will in particular speed up deposit processing which has
been slowing down block replay.
Pre (mainnet, 1600 blocks):
```
All time are ms
Average, StdDev, Min, Max, Samples, Test
Validation is turned off meaning that no BLS operations are performed
3450.269, 0.000, 3450.269, 3450.269, 1, Initialize DB
0.417, 0.822, 0.036, 21.098, 1400, Load block from database
16.521, 0.000, 16.521, 16.521, 1, Load state from database
27.906, 50.846, 8.104, 1507.633, 1350, Apply block
52.617, 37.029, 20.640, 135.938, 50, Apply epoch block
```
Post:
```
3502.715, 0.000, 3502.715, 3502.715, 1, Initialize DB
0.080, 0.560, 0.035, 21.015, 1400, Load block from database
17.595, 0.000, 17.595, 17.595, 1, Load state from database
15.706, 11.028, 8.300, 107.537, 1350, Apply block
33.217, 12.622, 17.331, 60.580, 50, Apply epoch block
```
* more perf fixes
* load EpochRef cache into StateCache more aggressively
* point out security concern with public key cache
* reuse proposer index from state when processing block
* avoid genericAssign in a few more places
* don't parse key when signature is unparseable
* fix `==` overload for Eth2Digest
* preallocate validator list when getting active validators
* speed up proposer index calculation a little bit
* reuse cache when replaying blocks in ncli_db
* avoid a few more copying loops
```
Average, StdDev, Min, Max, Samples, Test
Validation is turned off meaning that no BLS operations are performed
3279.158, 0.000, 3279.158, 3279.158, 1, Initialize DB
0.072, 0.357, 0.035, 13.400, 1400, Load block from database
17.295, 0.000, 17.295, 17.295, 1, Load state from database
5.918, 9.896, 0.198, 98.028, 1350, Apply block
15.888, 10.951, 7.902, 39.535, 50, Apply epoch block
0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0, Database block store
```
* clear full balance cache before processing rewards and penalties
```
All time are ms
Average, StdDev, Min, Max, Samples, Test
Validation is turned off meaning that no BLS operations are performed
3947.901, 0.000, 3947.901, 3947.901, 1, Initialize DB
0.124, 0.506, 0.026, 202.370, 363345, Load block from database
97.614, 0.000, 97.614, 97.614, 1, Load state from database
0.186, 0.188, 0.012, 99.561, 357262, Advance slot, non-epoch
14.161, 5.966, 1.099, 395.511, 11524, Advance slot, epoch
1.372, 4.170, 0.017, 276.401, 363345, Apply block, no slot processing
0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0, Database block store
```
It turns out that we often save lots of states in the database that are
the result of empty slot processing only - here, we make sure to only
save a state if a block follows - this fixes several issues:
* empty slot states are not always pruned leading to state database size
explosion
* storing states is (very) slow which slows down processing in general,
so we should only do it when it's likely to be useful
* attestation processing doesn't get stuck on saving random states that
won't appear in the chain history
about 40% better slot processing times (with LTO enabled) - these don't
do BLS but are used
heavily during replay (state transition = slot + block transition)
tests using a recent medalla state and advancing it 1000 slots:
```
./ncli slots --preState2:state-302271-3c1dbf19-c1f944bf.ssz --slot:1000
--postState2:xx.ssz
```
pre:
```
All time are ms
Average, StdDev, Min, Max, Samples,
Test
Validation is turned off meaning that no BLS operations are performed
39.236, 0.000, 39.236, 39.236, 1,
Load state from file
0.049, 0.002, 0.046, 0.063, 968,
Apply slot
256.504, 81.008, 213.471, 591.902, 32,
Apply epoch slot
28.597, 0.000, 28.597, 28.597, 1,
Save state to file
```
cast:
```
All time are ms
Average, StdDev, Min, Max, Samples,
Test
Validation is turned off meaning that no BLS operations are performed
37.079, 0.000, 37.079, 37.079, 1,
Load state from file
0.042, 0.002, 0.040, 0.090, 968,
Apply slot
215.552, 68.763, 180.155, 500.103, 32,
Apply epoch slot
25.106, 0.000, 25.106, 25.106, 1,
Save state to file
```
cast+rewards:
```
All time are ms
Average, StdDev, Min, Max, Samples,
Test
Validation is turned off meaning that no BLS operations are performed
40.049, 0.000, 40.049, 40.049, 1,
Load state from file
0.048, 0.001, 0.045, 0.060, 968,
Apply slot
164.981, 76.273, 142.099, 477.868, 32,
Apply epoch slot
28.498, 0.000, 28.498, 28.498, 1,
Save state to file
```
cast+rewards+shr
```
All time are ms
Average, StdDev, Min, Max, Samples,
Test
Validation is turned off meaning that no BLS operations are performed
12.898, 0.000, 12.898, 12.898, 1,
Load state from file
0.039, 0.002, 0.038, 0.054, 968,
Apply slot
139.971, 68.797, 120.088, 428.844, 32,
Apply epoch slot
24.761, 0.000, 24.761, 24.761, 1,
Save state to file
```
* add ncli_db subcommand to prune database of unnecessary blocks, states, and state roots
* tweak comments
* reduce default aggressiveness in pruning old states
* move copyPrunedDatabase() to ncli_db, as it's not generally useful as part of beacon_chain_db and doesn't use any internal interfaces
* removed the BlockPool type and all of the proxy functions around it - passing the chain DAG and the quarantine explicitly where appropriately - they don't need to be bundled in a type
* fixed the build after the rebase
* combine ncli_hash_tree_root and ncli_pretty into ncli_ssz
* disable ncli_query building by default
* fold ncli_transition into ncli_ssz and rename to ncli
* limit attestations kept in attestation pool
With fork choice updated, the attestation pool only needs to keep track
of attestations that will eventually end up in blocks - we can thus
limit the horizon of attestations that we keep more aggressively.
To get here, we expose getEpochRef which gets metadata about a
particular epochref, and make sure to populate it when a block is added
- this ensures that state rewinds during block addition are minimized.
In addition, we'll use the target root/epoch when validating
attestations - this helps minimize the number of different states that
we need to rewind to, in general.
* remove CandidateChains.justifiedState
unused
* remove BlockPools.Head object
* avoid quadratic quarantine loop
* fix
hash_tree_root was turning up when running beacon_node, turns out to be
repeated hash_tree_root invocations - this pr brings them back down to
normal.
this PR caches the root of a block in the SignedBeaconBlock object -
this has the potential downside that even invalid blocks will be hashed
(as part of deserialization) - later, one could imagine delaying this
until checks have passed
there's also some cleanup of the `cat=` logs which were applied randomly
and haphazardly, and to a large degree are duplicated by other
information in the log statements - in particular, topics fulfill the
same role
* cleanups
* fix ncli state root check flag
* add block dump to ncli_db
* limit ncli_db benchmark length
* tone down finalization logs
* introduce trusted blocks
We only store blocks whose signature we've verified in the database - as
such, there's no need to check it again, and most importantly, no need
to deserialize the signature when loading from database.
50x startup time improvement, 200x block load time improvement.
* fix rewinding when deposits have invalid signature
* speed up ancestor iteration by avoiding copy
* avoid deserializing signatures for trusted data
* load blocks lazily when rewinding (less memory used)
* chronicles workarounds
* document trustedbeaconblock
* don't write blocks that get added to database
* don't write states
* write to folders
* add state dumping feature to `ncli_db` to get any known state from the
database
* random fixes
* create dump dir on startup
* don't crash on failure to write dump
* fix a few `uint64` instances being used when indexing arrays - this
should be a compile error but isn't due to compiler bugs
* fix standalone test_block_pool compilation
* add signed block processing in ncli
* reuse cache entry instead of allocating a new one
* allow for small clock disparities when validating blocks
Zahary Karadjov
Jacek Sieka
tersec
Eugene Kabanov
Dmitriy Ryajov
kdeme
Mamy Ratsimbazafy
Viktor Kirilov