The `kvstore` design we're using now turns out to not be the best way to
use `sqlite` - in particular, there are some significant benefits to
using rowid in certain situations and to keep data in separate tables.
With this branch, there are massive improvements in startup time
(seconds instead of minutes) and state/block storage and pruning times
(milliseconds instead of seconds) - these improvements can in particular
be seen on slow drives and translate directly into better attestation
performance.
* update kvstore to new keyspace design
* remove `DirStoreRef` and the hidden `--state-db-kind` option - this
was an experiment to store large blobs in files, but with the new
kvstore, there's no compelling reason to do so
* remove `DbMap` - unused and would need updating for new keyspace
design
* introduce separate tables for each data type (blocks, states etc)
* remove "WITHOUT ROWID" pessimization for tables with large blobs
* close DbSeq statements explicitly (and earlier)
* store beacon block summaries in separate table, without SSZ
compression and load them all with single query on startup
* stop storing backwards compat full states
* mark genesis beacon block as trusted
* avoid faststreams when loading SSZ data
* remove `DisagreementBehavior` (unused)
* avoid creating indexed attestation just to check signatures - above
all, don't create it when not checking signatures ;)
* avoid pointer op when adding attestation to pool
* better iterator for yielding attestations
* add metric / log for attestation packing time
* Reset cached indices when resetting cache on SSZ read
When deserializing into an existing structure, the cache should be
cleared - goes for json also. Also improve error messages.
* use IntSet rather than HashSet[ValidatorIndex]
* add bounds check before uint64 -> int conversion
* use intsets in block transitions
* remove superfluous Nim issue explanation/reference
* performance fixes
* don't mark tree cache as dirty on read-only List accesses
* store only blob in memory for keys and signatures, parse blob lazily
* compare public keys by blob instead of parsing / converting to raw
* compare Eth2Digest using non-constant-time comparison
* avoid some unnecessary validator copying
This branch will in particular speed up deposit processing which has
been slowing down block replay.
Pre (mainnet, 1600 blocks):
```
All time are ms
Average, StdDev, Min, Max, Samples, Test
Validation is turned off meaning that no BLS operations are performed
3450.269, 0.000, 3450.269, 3450.269, 1, Initialize DB
0.417, 0.822, 0.036, 21.098, 1400, Load block from database
16.521, 0.000, 16.521, 16.521, 1, Load state from database
27.906, 50.846, 8.104, 1507.633, 1350, Apply block
52.617, 37.029, 20.640, 135.938, 50, Apply epoch block
```
Post:
```
3502.715, 0.000, 3502.715, 3502.715, 1, Initialize DB
0.080, 0.560, 0.035, 21.015, 1400, Load block from database
17.595, 0.000, 17.595, 17.595, 1, Load state from database
15.706, 11.028, 8.300, 107.537, 1350, Apply block
33.217, 12.622, 17.331, 60.580, 50, Apply epoch block
```
* more perf fixes
* load EpochRef cache into StateCache more aggressively
* point out security concern with public key cache
* reuse proposer index from state when processing block
* avoid genericAssign in a few more places
* don't parse key when signature is unparseable
* fix `==` overload for Eth2Digest
* preallocate validator list when getting active validators
* speed up proposer index calculation a little bit
* reuse cache when replaying blocks in ncli_db
* avoid a few more copying loops
```
Average, StdDev, Min, Max, Samples, Test
Validation is turned off meaning that no BLS operations are performed
3279.158, 0.000, 3279.158, 3279.158, 1, Initialize DB
0.072, 0.357, 0.035, 13.400, 1400, Load block from database
17.295, 0.000, 17.295, 17.295, 1, Load state from database
5.918, 9.896, 0.198, 98.028, 1350, Apply block
15.888, 10.951, 7.902, 39.535, 50, Apply epoch block
0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0, Database block store
```
* clear full balance cache before processing rewards and penalties
```
All time are ms
Average, StdDev, Min, Max, Samples, Test
Validation is turned off meaning that no BLS operations are performed
3947.901, 0.000, 3947.901, 3947.901, 1, Initialize DB
0.124, 0.506, 0.026, 202.370, 363345, Load block from database
97.614, 0.000, 97.614, 97.614, 1, Load state from database
0.186, 0.188, 0.012, 99.561, 357262, Advance slot, non-epoch
14.161, 5.966, 1.099, 395.511, 11524, Advance slot, epoch
1.372, 4.170, 0.017, 276.401, 363345, Apply block, no slot processing
0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0, Database block store
```
Validators exiting is normal, no need to scream about it
* avoid reallocating seq on big exit queue
* avoid fetching state cache when updating head (it's rarely needed)
* remove incorrectly implemented live validator counts (avoids memory
allocs)
Calculating rewards/penalties is slow due to how we compute sets of
attestations validators then use the sets for inclusion checks, to see
who attested. The dominant function during validated block processing /
epoch processing is hash set building and lookup.
This PR inverts the flow by removing the sets and creating a single
large validator status list, then applying all relevant state
attestations, then updating rewards and penalties.
This provides a 10x speedup to epoch processing which in turn speeds up
both empty slot and block processing - for example, on startup, we
replay all non-finalized blocks to prime fork choice - the same when
validating attestations or replaying states on reorg.
* misc memory and perf fixes
* use EpochRef for attestation aggregation
* compress effective balances in memory (medalla unfinalized: 4gb ->
1gb)
* avoid hitting db when rewinding to head or clearance state
* avoid hitting db when blocks can be applied to in-memory state -
speeds up startup considerably
* avoid storing epochref in fork choice
* simplify and speed up beacon block creation flow - avoids state reload
thanks to head rewind optimization
* iterator-based committee and attestation participation help avoid lots
of small memory allocations throughout epoch transition (40% speedup on
epoch processing, for example during startup)
* add constant for threshold
* evaluate block attestations under the epochref of the block - this is
what the state transition function does
* avoid copying attestation seq unnecessarily
* avoid unnecessary hashset for unslashed indices
* Lazy loading of crypto objects
* Try to fix incorrect field access by hiding fields but no luck. SSZ/Chronicles/macro bug?
* Fix incorrect blsValue access. was "aggregate" not "chronicles"
* Fix tests that rely on the internal BLSValue representation
* limit attestations kept in attestation pool
With fork choice updated, the attestation pool only needs to keep track
of attestations that will eventually end up in blocks - we can thus
limit the horizon of attestations that we keep more aggressively.
To get here, we expose getEpochRef which gets metadata about a
particular epochref, and make sure to populate it when a block is added
- this ensures that state rewinds during block addition are minimized.
In addition, we'll use the target root/epoch when validating
attestations - this helps minimize the number of different states that
we need to rewind to, in general.
* remove CandidateChains.justifiedState
unused
* remove BlockPools.Head object
* avoid quadratic quarantine loop
* fix
* add helper for beacon committee length (used for quickly validating
attestations)
* refactor some attestation checks to do cheap checks early
* validate attestation epoch before computing active validator set
* clean up documentation / comments
* fill state cache on demand
tersec
Jacek Sieka
Zahary Karadjov
Mamy Ratsimbazafy