* complete (except for get_domain(...)) 0.11.0 beacon chain spec update
* mark compute_start_slot_at_epoch(...), is_active_validator(...), compute_signing_root(...), and get_seed(...) as 0.11.0
* Initial implementation of runtime bls skipping.
Add libnfuzz skipBLSValidation handling, check that it propagates.
* Rename skipBLSValidation -> skipBlsValidation, start skipStateRootValidation
* Replace skipValidation flags with more granular flags.
Also added skipBlockParentRootValidation flag
Mainly replaced with skipBlsValidation but also StateRoot or
BlockParentRootValidation flags where appropriate.
* Adjust interop test to pass when skipping merkle validation.
* Stop skipping validation for mainchain_monitor.
* Remove comment.
* Also skipMerkleValidation for test_beacon_chain_db.
- Jenkins: we don't need LOG_LEVEL=TRACE twice for the same binaries
- eth2_network_simulation: allow overriding NETWORK_TYPE and
BOOTSTRAP_NODE_NETWORK_TYPE from the environment
We no longer discriminate between ENR, MultiAddress or ENode
bootstrap records (all of them are remapped to ENodes).
The discovery loop will stochastically try to reconnect to
accidentally disconnected nodes.
* set block header tests to automatically enumerate all relevant tests
* add several attester slashing tests and run all tests by default, rather than only explicitly listed test vectors
* print something relating to skipped tests
* set voluntary exits to automatically enumerate all tests
* update to 0.10.1
* SSZ Generic and nbench uses the v0.10.1 fixtures
* Tests + spec links: v0.10.0 -> v0.10.1
* Add v0.10.1 TODO in get_latest_attesting_balance (forkchoice)
* SSZ Bytes are now ByteList
* Remove nim-result submodules that was leftover/added by mistake in the branch
* fix crash when state root is present but state is missing
* fix state root removal when state is removed
* fix block pool initialization which needs tail state
* remove tail block pruning
* incomplete - fork states are not pruned
* incomplete - fork blocks are not pruned
* incomplete - empty slot states are not pruned
* unknown - tail/finalized block on empty slot might be incorrect
* simplify data storage to key-value, tries are not relevant for NBC
* locked-down version of lmdb dependency
* easier to build / maintain on various platforms
* fix slot time navigation, add tests
* skip block proposal if head is more recent already - shouldn't happen
* use correct head when attesting to previous blocks
* log slot start/end processing
* nbench PoC
* Remove the yaml files from the example scenarios
* update README with current status
* Add an alternative implementation that uses defer
* Forgot to add the old proc body
* slots-processing
* allow benching state_transition failures
* Add Attestations processing (workaround confutils bug:
- https://github.com/status-im/nim-confutils/issues/10
- https://github.com/status-im/nim-confutils/issues/11
- https://github.com/status-im/nim-confutils/issues/12
* Add CLI command in the readme
* Filter report and add notes about CPU cycles
* Report averages
* Add debugecho style time/cycle print
* Report when we skip BLS and state root verification
* Update to 0.9.3
* Generalize scenario parsing
* Support all block processing scenarios
* parallel bench runner PoC
* gitBetter load issues reporting (the load issues were invalid signature and expected to fail)
* state data cache in block pool
* keep head state around
* more attestation logic in attestation pool
* first fork choice tests (!)
* fix fork choice (it's still likely broken / out of date)
* switch out quadratically scaling and wasteful attestation in state_sim to attest only to exactly the correct slots; avoid pointless committee index interconversion for 9-10x increase in state_sim speed at d:release, 60k validators, and validate=off
* remove debugechos
* re-enable test_interop based on zcli with 0.9.1 specs and update initialize_beacon_state_from_eth1(...) to 0.9.1
* switch many procs to funcs
* fix import os.nim instead; ospaths is deprecated [Deprecated] warnings
The number of user nodes is now specified with `USER_NODES`.
To make the instructions more stable, the "numeric id" of the user
nodes will be starting from 0 (so you can always use `run_node.sh 0`
to start a user node).
If you specify a node index above the total number of nodes, you'll
launch a node without any validators attached (this is useful for
testing the sync for example).
When the connect_to_testnet script is invoked it will first verify that
the genesis file of the testnet hasn't changed. If it has changed, any
previously created database associated with the testnet will be erased.
To facilitate this, the genesis file of each network is written to the
data folder of the beacon node. The beacon node will refuse to start if
it detects a discrepancy between the data folder and any state snapshot
specified on the command-line.
Since the testnet sharing spec requires us to use SSZ snapshots, the Json
support is now phased out. To help with the transition and to preserve the
functionality of the multinet scripts, the beacon node now supports a CLI
query command that can extract any data from the genesis state. This is
based on new developments in the SSZ navigators.
* update get_seed(...) and get_beacon_proposer_index(...) to 0.9.0, implement compute_proposer_index(...), and render 3 more test fixtures working
* rm stray Crosslink reference which prevented static SSZ tests from building
* remove references to removed tests in attestations test fixture; add minimal-preset block sanity test, plus all but one of mainnet tests for block sanity to transition fixtures
* transition deposit operations fixture to 0.9.0
* mark slash_validator(...) as 0.9.0
* switch remaining non-ref objects to ref objects to maybe avoid crashes in CI
* remove unused helpers/debug_state imports
* update test submodule [skip ci]
* rename the process_lfs script to setup_official_tests [skip ci]
* clarify that the existing LFS is for json files [skip ci]
* Update again to use download/unpack function library
* update the test downloading script [skip ci]
* Update EF fixtures with new test path
* fix symlink order
* Fix relative:absolute symlink issue
* add symlink existence check
* setup_official_tests.sh: refactoring
* rename compute_epoch_of_slot(...) to compute_epoch_at_slot(...)
* remove some unnecessary imports; remove some crosslink-related code and tests; complete renaming of compute_epoch_of_slot(...) to compute_epoch_at_slot(...)
* rm more transfer-related code and tests; rm more unnecessary strutils imports
* rm remaining unused imports
* remove useless get_empty_per_epoch_cache(...)/compute_start_slot_of_epoch(...) calls
* rename compute_start_slot_of_epoch(...) to compute_start_slot_at_epoch(...)
* rename ACTIVATION_EXIT_DELAY to MAX_SEED_LOOKAHEAD
* update domain types to 0.9.0
* mark AttesterSlashing, IndexedAttestation, AttestationDataAndCustodyBit, DepositData, BeaconBlockHeader, Fork, integer_squareroot(...), and process_voluntary_exit(...) as 0.9.0
* mark increase_balance(...), decrease_balance(...), get_block_root(...), CheckPoint, Deposit, PendingAttestation, HistoricalBatch, is_active_validator(...), and is_slashable_attestation_data(...) as 0.9.0
* mark compute_activation_exit_epoch(...), bls_verify(...), Validator, get_active_validator_indices(...), get_current_epoch(...), get_total_active_balance(...), and get_previous_epoch(...) as 0.9.0
* mark get_block_root_at_slot(...), ProposerSlashing, get_domain(...), VoluntaryExit, mainnet preset Gwei values, minimal preset max operations, process_block_header(...), and is_slashable_validator(...) as 0.9.0
* mark makeWithdrawalCredentials(...), get_validator_churn_limit(...), get_total_balance(...), is_valid_indexed_attestation(...), bls_aggregate_pubkeys(...), initial genesis value/constants, Attestation, get_randao_mix(...), mainnet preset max operations per block constants, minimal preset Gwei values and time parameters, process_eth1_data(...), get_shuffled_seq(...), compute_committee(...), and process_slots(...) as 0.9.0; partially update get_indexed_attestation(...) to 0.9.0 by removing crosslink refs and associated tests
* mark initiate_validator_exit(...), process_registry_updates(...), BeaconBlock, Eth1Data, compute_domain(...), process_randao(...), process_attester_slashing(...), get_base_reward(...), and process_slot(...) as 0.9.0
Multi-client testing requires more portable formats, and SSZ is
much better specified than our flavour of Json.
Tools like ncli and zcli can be now used to inspect the contents
of the SSZ files.
* stop double-counting attestation-topic attestations
* track attestations sent/received in grafana
* address suggestion to clarify sent attestation count being across all nodes
* enable all sanity slots tests
* enable more tests in sanity blocks
* win64 strikes again #435
* workaround invalid handle in win64 CI
* empty_epoch_transition_not_finalizing only valid in minimal preset
* sanity block ETH1 data votes are also minimal only
* "industrialize" skipping win64 CI
- reintroduce actually working tests
- skip BLS priv_to_pub (tested in blscurve + broken by #440 and #435)
* missing echo
* try/except OSError doesn't seem to work in unittest so plain ignore + move x64 first for fail fast
* ignore transfers completely in WIn64
* Prepare test suite for transfers
* split API process_transfer / processTransfers
* Add range checks on transfer
* Fix invalid transfer conditions
* don't test on windows 64-bit #435
* add test suite for voluntary exit
* update API to process_voluntary_exit
* Add range check of validator_index for voluntary exits
* Revert to dual single + multiple voluntary exits API + enable in test suite
* no cache or mocking needed
* Add attestation unit test
* process_attestation doesn't throw exceptions
* Allow SSZ deserialization of both real and invalid signatures
* Add new process_attestation checks - pass all process_attestation tests
* Add sanity check for #361
* Fix SSZ testing after fromBytes/fromSSZBytes changes
* Add sanity check for slot processing (also impacted by https://github.com/status-im/nim-beacon-chain/issues/373)
* use reportDiff also for all state tests vs EF
* initial sanity checks for blocks - workaround zero signature in block headers: https://github.com/status-im/nim-beacon-chain/issues/374
* Remove generic object variant compare commented code
* Add the one block state transition sanity checks
* generalize blocks test to multiple blocks
* simplify slots test runner
* Add official epoch transitions, sanity blocks, sanity slots to the test suite
* Fix index out-of-bounds in initiate_validator_exit - enable proposer slashings unittest
* Update BLS fixtures to 0.8.3
* Bump fixtures with shuffling with minimal preset
* Update shuffling tests
* parseTest generic over file format (Json or SSZ)
* Initial crosslink parsing commit for debugging Nim crash
* Workaround https://github.com/status-im/nim-beacon-chain/issues/369
* Crosslink test works for minimal - https://github.com/status-im/nim-beacon-chain/issues/369 is back on mainnet
* Use ref objects to workaround https://github.com/status-im/nim-beacon-chain/issues/369
* Generalize state transition epoch test to all epoch tests
* Fix slashing (potential uint64 overflow in previous spec)
* Add a state debugging macro to deeply inspect the wrong fields
* make reportDiff visible
* Improve the debug state macro for containers
* add interop launcher scripts
* stick validator_keygen into beacon_node
* fix lmd ghost slot number on missing block
* use mocked eth1data when producing blocks
* use bls public key method for withdrawal credentials
* fix deposit domain
* prefer lowercase for a bunch of toHex
* build simulation binary in data folder to avoid data types confusion
* Update fixtures to 0.8.3
* v0.8.1 tests use new test path
* LFS caching: handle multiple versions of json_tests
* Enable paths > 260 characters in appveyor
* Appveyor: use git clone core.longpaths + the env variable at startup
* improve process_lfs.sh and cleanup submodules
* Introduce new mocking proc to replace:
- makeFakeValidatorPrivKey
- hackPrivKey
- getNextBeaconProposerIndex
- addBlock
- makeBlock
* Add comments on datastructure unsynced with the spec
* Add merkle tree constructor and initial mocking for deposits (missing merkle proofs)
* [Mock] Implement sparse merkle tree and merkle proof builder
* [Mocking] Genesis deposits
* Add compact_committees_roots init + mock genesis state
* [Tests] Add first deposit test using the new mocking procedures
* [Tests -deposits] add at and over 32 ETH deposit tests
* [Tests - deposits] Add test for validator top-up
* [Tests -deposits] Mention the TODO to test for invalid conditions
* [Tests] Add stub to test "is_valid_genesis_state"
* [Merkle proofs] Implement round-trip checks
* Deactivate roundtrips test
* SSZ - use EF convention for hash_tree_root / hashTreeRoot
* [Tests - Attestation] Attestation mocking + initial test
* Add mocking + 3 new tests for valid attestations + mention future invalid attestation tests
* Add crosslinks test (1 failing to attestations in block being duplicated in state transition)
* Single attestation crosslink test - workaround https://github.com/status-im/nim-beacon-chain/issues/361
* Add test for failed crosslink penalty
* Rebase fixes + add refactored tests to test suite
* justif-finalization helpers first batch
* Add 234 finalization tests
* Fix justif test, Rule I 234 finalization does not happen with sufficient support.
(Also unittest check template does not fail properly in some cases)
* Add tests for all finalization rules
* Properly delete nim-byteutils following c91727e7e5 (diff-7c3613dba5171cb6027c67835dd3b9d4)
* use digest helper for deposit root
* relax attestation validation when attestation is incoming but make it
more strict when adding to block
* share attestation validation logic between attestation pool and state
transition
* remove a bunch of redundant logging
* fix potential underflow in attestation delay checking
* fix committee used for attestation shard selection when attesting
* fix attestation data construction
* handle LFS fixtures for the test suite
* test_fixture_ssz_static.nim: allow the tests to fail properly
- switch to a debug build for the failing tests
* try -d:debug
* working justification, 1 node, 64 validators
* closer to tn1 params: 256 validators
* more debugging output; switch to minimum test case
* working justification and finalization in local network simulation
* fix currently incorrect state transition/attestation test assumption
* State sim compiles and run
* Works on libp2p testnet1
* Successfully update the state transition tests
* naive update of attestation pool (failing attstations can arrive in any order)
* Remove an official assert to allow attestation reordering
* rename get_genesis_beacon_state(...) to initialize_beacon_state_from_eth1(...); remove unused vestiges get_temporary_block_header(...) and get_empty_block(...); partly align initialize_beacon_state_from_eth1(...) with 0.8.0 version; implement CompactCommittee object type; update process_final_updates(...) to 0.8.0
* mark get_shard_delta(...) as 0.8.0
* mark get_total_active_balance(...) and epoch transition helper functions as 0.8.0
* move FORK_CHOICE_BALANCE_INCREMENT, not in spec anymore, to sole user in fork_choice
* replace BeaconState.finalized_{epoch,root} with BeaconState.finalized_checkpoint; rename get_delayed_activation_exit_epoch(...) to compute_activation_exit_epoch(...) and mark as 0.8.0; update get_churn_limit(...)/get_validator_churn_limit(...) to 0.8.0; update process_registry_updates(...) to 0.8.0
* update process_crosslinks(...) to 0.8.0; mark compute_start_slot_of_epoch(...) and get_committee_count(...) as 0.8.0
* mark Fork, is_slashable_validator(...), and get_beacon_proposer_index(...) as 0.8.0
* rename LATEST_SLASHED_EXIT_LENGTH to EPOCHS_PER_SLASHINGS_VECTOR; update process_slashings(...) to 0.8.0; remove pointless type conversion warning in get_previous_epoch(...)
* convert remaining references to finalized_epoch to finalized_checkpoint.epoch
* update slash_validator(...) to 0.8.0; mark inital value, Gwei, and time constants as 0.8.0; mark hash(...) and processBlockHeader(...) as 0.8.0
* rename WHISTLEBLOWING_REWARD_QUOTIENT to WHISTLEBLOWER_REWARD_QUOTIENT; rename LATEST_ACTIVE_INDEX_ROOTS_LENGTH to EPOCHS_PER_HISTORICAL_VECTOR (randao will also get merged into this); remove get_active_index_root(...); mark time parameter, signature domain types, and max operations per block constants as 0.8.0; update rewards and penalties constants to 0.8.0
* update is_valid_indexed_attestation(...) to 0.8.0; mark process_slot(...) as 0.8.0
* replace BeaconState.{current,previous}_justified_{epoch,root} with BeaconState.{current,previous}_justified_checkpoint
* rename slot_to_epoch(...) to compute_epoch_of_slot(...)
* rename aggregation_bitfield/custody_bitfield fields to aggregation_bits/custody_bits; rename convert_to_indexed(...) to get_indexed_attestation(...); mark BeaconBlockHeader as 0.8.0; update minimal preset MIN_ATTESTATION_INCLUSION_DELAY/time parameters in general to 0.8
* fix beacon node compilation; it used slightly different capitalizations of slot_to_epoch/slotToEpoch
* mark integer_squareroot(...), Deposit, VoluntaryExit, and Transfer as 0.8.0; rename get_epoch_start_slot(...) to compute_start_slot_of_epoch(...)
* add new Domain alias for uint64; rename bls_domain(...) to compute_domain(...), MAX_INDICES_PER_ATTESTATION to MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE, and SignatureDomain to DomainType; update get_domain(...) to 0.8.0
* update/mark initiate_validator_exit(...) and Crosslink as 0.8.0; rename BeaconState.latest_block_roots -> BeaconState.block_roots; mark HistoricalBatch as 0.8.0
* migrate attestation pool tests from get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(...) to get_crosslink_committee(...)
* rm obsolete, unused get_crosslink_committees_at_slot_cached(...) and migrate tests/test_state_transition from get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(...) to get_crosslink_committee(...)
* migrate tests/testutil from get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(...) to get_crosslink_committee(...)
* use more pervasive caching infrastructure, initially of compute_committee; remove buggy (and per-index) shuffling to fix research/state_sim, which was noticing validators on multiple shard committees; rm now-unused specific get_attesting_balance_cached
* add some get_active_validator_index caching
* rm obsolete/unused get_attesting_indices_cached
* rm get_crosslink_committees_at_slot(...)
* some more 0.7 changes -- some of which can't be completed pending some data structure updates -- and shard handling changes to offset with epoch start shards
* update Deposit and BeaconBlockHeader to 0.7.0
* update get_total_balance(...) and get_base_reward(...) to 0.7.0
* rename initial value constant BLS_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX_BYTE to BLS_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX
* mark minimal presets as entirely migrated to 0.7.0; update process_rewards_and_penalties(...) to 0.7.0
* specify that targeting 0.7.0; adopt 0.7.0 refactoring of bls_domain/get_domain to update get_domain(...) to 0.7.0; mark that mainnet constant presets and block header processing are 0.7.0-consistent; update process_justification_and_finalization to 0.7.0 to fix potential underflow errors
* address mratsim's comment to copy whole spec comment
* 0.7.0 updates which don't change semantics; mostly comment changes
* mark get_attesting_indices, bls_verify, ProposerSlashing, BeaconBlockBody, deposit contract constants, state list length constants, compute_committee, get_crosslink_committee, is_slashable_attestation_data, processAttesterSlashings as 0.7.0; rename BASE_REWARD_QUOTIENT to BASE_REWARD_FACTOR
* complete marking unchanged-in-0.7.0 datatypes as such; a few more have trivial field renamings, etc
* update IndexedAttestation, verify_slashable_attestation/verify_indexed_attestation, and attester slashing processing to 0.6.3
* rm debug scaffolding
* rename Attestation.aggregate_signature -> Attestation.signature; convert various references to AttestationData.slot to get_attestation_slot; implement convert_to_indexed; update checkAttestation and processAttestations to 0.6.3; remove spurious assertion in beacon node related to invalid attestations
* replace 0.5 get_winning_root_and_participants with 0.6 get_winning_crosslink_and_attesting_indices; update process_crosslinks to 0.6.3
* mark both remaining 0.6.0 spec implementations as 0.6.3
* clear out all remaining spec version 0.6.1 refs
* GENESIS_SLOT and GENESIS_EPOCH are 0
* rm 0.5 get_attestation_participants in favor of 0.6 get_attesting_indices
* address mratsim's comment
* time can be equal to genesis
* fix invalid block assertions; those were essentially spurious
* allow toBeaconTime to handle time before genesis (in accordance with now(...) which states time can exist before GENESIS)
* update process_justification_and_finalization to 0.6.2; mark AttesterSlashing as 0.6.2
* replace get_effective_balance(...) with state.validator_registry[idx].effective_balance; rm get_effective_balance, process_ejections, should_update_validator_registry, update_validator_registry, and update_registry_and_shuffling_data; update get_total_balance to 0.6.2; implement process_registry_updates
* rm exit_validator; implement is_slashable_attestation_data; partly update processAttesterSlashings
* mark HistoricalBatch and Eth1Data as 0.6.2; implement get_shard_delta(...); replace 0.5 finish_epoch_update with 0.6 process_final_updates
* mark increase_balance, decrease_balance, get_delayed_activation_exit_epoch, bls_aggregate_pubkeys, bls_verify_multiple, Attestation, Transfer, slot_to_epoch, Crosslink, get_current_epoch, int_to_bytes*, various constants, processEth1Data, processTransfers, and verifyStateRoot as 0.6.2; rm is_double_vote and is_surround_vote
* mark get_bitfield_bit, verify_bitfield, ProposerSlashing, DepositData, VoluntaryExit, PendingAttestation, Fork, integer_squareroot, get_epoch_start_slot, is_active_validator, generate_seed, some constants to 0.6.2; rename MIN_PENALTY_QUOTIENT to MIN_SLASHING_PENALTY_QUOTIENT
* rm get_previous_total_balance, get_current_epoch_boundary_attestations, get_previous_epoch_boundary_attestations, and get_previous_epoch_matching_head_attestations
* update BeaconState to 0.6.2; simplify legacy get_crosslink_committees_at_slot infrastructure a bit by noting that registry_change is always false; reimplment 0.5 get_crosslink_committees_at_slot in terms of 0.6 get_crosslink_committee
* mark process_deposit(...), get_block_root_at_slot(...), get_block_root(...), Deposit, BeaconBlockHeader, BeaconBlockBody, hash(...), get_active_index_root(...), various constants, get_shard_delta(...), get_epoch_start_shard(...), get_crosslink_committee(...), processRandao(...), processVoluntaryExits(...), cacheState(...) as 0.6.2
* rm removed-since-0.5 split(...), is_power_of_2(...), get_shuffling(...); rm 0.5 versions of get_active_validator_indices and get_epoch_committee_count; add a few tests for integer_squareroot
* mark bytes_to_int(...) and advanceState(...) as 0.6.2
* rm 0.5 get_attesting_indices; update get_attesting_balance to 0.6.2
* another tiny commit to poke AppVeyor to maybe not timeout at connecting to GitHub partway through CI: mark get_churn_limit(...), initiate_validator_exit(...), and Validator as 0.6.2
* mark get_attestation_slot(...), AttestationDataAndCustodyBit, and BeaconBlock as 0.6.2
* implement get_churn_limit from 0.6.1; update initiate_validator_exit and get_previous_epoch to 0.6.1; remove obsoleted/non-spec reduce_balance, replaced by decrease_balance; mark BeaconBlock as 0.6.1
* rename get_block_root to get_block_root_at_slot and introduce epoch-oriented get_block_root; implement get_attestation_slot, get_matching_source_attestations, get_matching_target_attestations, get_matching_head_attestations, 0.6.1 get_attesting_indices, get_unslashed_attesting_indices, get_attestation_deltas, process_rewards_and_penalties; rm get_inactivity_penalty
* update Validator and processVoluntaryExits to 0.6.1; rm obsolete inclusion_slots/inclusion_distances
* rm removed activate_validator; mark DepositData, misc values, Gwei values, Randao processing, state caching as 0.6.1; update GENESIS_SLOT to 64, since it doesn't quite yet work at 0
* mark BeaconBlockHeader as 0.6.1; update BeaconBlockBody to 0.6.1; rename WHISTLEBLOWER_REWARD_QUOTIENT to WHISTLEBLOWING_REWARD_QUOTIENT; update slash_validator to 0.6.1
* implement 0.6.2 is_slashable_validator; update processProposerSlashings to 0.6.2; mark state caching as 0.6.2
* mark get_total_active_balance and process_slashings as 0.6.2; update get_base_reward to 0.6.2
* rm prepare_validator_for_withdrawal, process_exit_queue; mark mainnet misc constants as 0.6.2; update process block header to 0.6.2
* address mratsim's code review comment
* Initial move constants to mainnet preset
* Bump fixtures to include shuffling with minimal preset
* Add minimal preset with shuffling test
* Add minimal preset to the full test suite
* use preset() everywhere
* initial new get_beacon_proposer_index and dependencies (get_shuffled_index, get_shard_delta, get_epoch_start_shard, get_crosslink_committee)
* more 0.6.1 updates
* clean up debugEchos and fix validator keygen to create correct indices
* Update fixtures with BLS and SSZ generic
* Stash changes following https://github.com/status-im/nim-serialization/issues/4
* Add Private to Public key conversion
* Add message signing tests
* Add aggregate signatures and public keys
* Add BLS to test suite
The shell expansion syntax used in the run_node script was not handled properly
by the bash shell shipped with macOS. In particular, it was not able to handle
range expressions involving interpolated vars:
cp foo/{$FIRST_INDEX..$LAST_INDEX} ...