* begin 0.5.0 spec update: parent_root -> previous_block_root, BeaconState.justified_epoch -> BeaconState.current_justified_epoch, DOMAIN_PROPOSAL -> DOMAIN_BEACON_BLOCK, temporarily rename BeaconBlockHeader to BeaconBlockHeaderRLP to allow for gradual re-merging without disrupting RLP; mark a few unchanged functions and data types, implement get_temporary_block_header/get_empty_block/should_update_validator_registry/processBlockHeader/cacheState; update a few others
* a dozen or so more trivial mostly comment changes, finding more unchanged parts of 0.5.0
* several more trivial changes; goal is to reduce noise around the upcoming substantial changes (epoch processing, etc)
* prevent balance underflow, per spec implementation note
* verify that permutation shuffing works: add YAML dependency to be used for ingesting test cases; switch from blake2 to keccak256 to match EF test cases; remove inefficient naive-spec-version of shuffling algorithm now that protolambda's can be tested directly
* implement in-memory block graph
* store tail block in database
* resolve unknown parents by syncing them from peers
* introduce concept of resolved blocks and attestations - those that
follow minimal protocol rules
* update state head lazily
* log more stuff
* shortHash -> shortLog
* start 9/10 beacon nodes by default, last can be started manually
* see also #134
* fix start.sh epoch length
* use repeat_hash from spec in randao
* add some logging to state processing
* export crypto string converters in spec insulation layer
* enable block signature verification
* ssz: add support for arrays, remove custom data type code
* correctly handle previous and new block
* add trivial block processing tests
* prefer iterative repeat_hash
* state transition mostly done
* handle most specials and slashings
Mamy André-Ratsimbazafy
Dustin Brody
Jacek Sieka
Yuriy Glukhov
Zahary Karadjov
Jacek Sieka