nimbus-eth1/nimbus/core/tx_pool.nim

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# Nimbus
# Copyright (c) 2018-2024 Status Research & Development GmbH
# Licensed under either of
# * Apache License, version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
# * MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or
# http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
# according to those terms.
## TODO:
## =====
## * Impose a size limit to the bucket database. Which items would be removed?
##
## * There is a conceivable problem with the per-account optimisation. The
## algorithm chooses an account and does not stop packing until all txs
## of the account are packed or the block is full. In the latter case,
## there might be some txs left unpacked from the account which might be
## the most lucrative ones. Should this be tackled (see also next item)?
##
## * The classifier throws out all txs with negative gas tips. This implies
## that all subsequent txs must also be suspended for this account even
## though these following txs might be extraordinarily profitable so that
## packing the whole account might be woth wile. Should this be considered,
## somehow (see also previous item)?
##
##
## Transaction Pool
## ================
##
## The transaction pool collects transactions and holds them in a database.
## This database consists of the three buckets *pending*, *staged*, and
## *packed* and a *waste basket*. These database entities are discussed in
## more detail, below.
##
## At some point, there will be some transactions in the *staged* bucket.
## Upon request, the pool will pack as many of those transactions as possible
## into to *packed* bucket which will subsequently be used to generate a
## new Ethereum block.
##
## When packing transactions from *staged* into *packed* bucked, the staged
## transactions are sorted by *sender account* and *nonce*. The *sender
## account* values are ordered by a *ranking* function (highest ranking first)
## and the *nonce* values by their natural integer order. Then, transactions
## are greedily picked from the ordered set until there are enough
## transactions in the *packed* bucket. Some boundary condition applies which
## roughly says that for a given account, all the transactions packed must
## leave no gaps between nonce values when sorted.
##
## The rank function applied to the *sender account* sorting is chosen as a
## guess for higher profitability which goes with a higher rank account.
##
##
## Rank calculator
## ---------------
## Let *tx()* denote the mapping
## ::
## tx: (account,nonce) -> tx
##
## from an index pair *(account,nonce)* to a transaction *tx*. Also, for some
## external parameter *baseFee*, let
## ::
## maxProfit: (tx,baseFee) -> tx.effectiveGasTip(baseFee) * tx.gasLimit
##
## be the maximal tip a single transation can achieve (where unit of the
## *effectiveGasTip()* is a *price* and *gasLimit* is a *commodity value*.).
## Then the rank function
## ::
## rank(account) = Σ maxProfit(tx(account,ν),baseFee) / Σ tx(account,ν).gasLimit
## ν ν
##
## is a *price* estimate of the maximal avarage tip per gas unit over all
## transactions for the given account. The nonces `ν` for the summation
## run over all transactions from the *staged* and *packed* bucket.
##
##
##
##
## Pool database:
## --------------
## ::
## <Transactions> . <Status buckets> . <Terminal state>
## . .
## . . +----------+
## add() ----+---------------------------------> | |
## | . +-----------+ . | disposed |
## +-----------> | pending | ------> | |
## . +-----------+ . | |
## . | ^ ^ . | waste |
## . v | | . | basket |
## . +----------+ | . | |
## . | staged | | . | |
## . +----------+ | . | |
## . | | ^ | . | |
## . | v | | . | |
## . | +----------+ . | |
## . | | packed | -------> | |
## . | +----------+ . | |
## . +----------------------> | |
## . . +----------+
##
## The three columns *Batch queue*, *State bucket*, and *Terminal state*
## represent three different accounting (or database) systems. The pool
## database is continuosly updated while new transactions are added.
## Transactions are bundled with meta data which holds the full datanbase
## state in addition to other cached information like the sender account.
##
##
## New transactions
## ----------------
## When entering the pool, new transactions are bundled with meta data and
## appended to the batch queue. These bundles are called *items* which are
## forwarded to one of the following entites:
##
## * the *staged* bucket if the transaction is valid and match some constraints
## on expected minimum mining fees (or a semblance of that for *non-PoW*
## networks)
## * the *pending* bucket if the transaction is valid but is not subject to be
## held in the *staged* bucket
## * the *waste basket* if the transaction is invalid
##
## If a valid transaction item supersedes an existing one, the existing
## item is moved to the waste basket and the new transaction replaces the
## existing one in the current bucket if the gas price of the transaction is
## at least `priceBump` per cent higher (see adjustable parameters, below.)
##
## Status buckets
## --------------
## The term *bucket* is a nickname for a set of *items* (i.e. transactions
## bundled with meta data as mentioned earlier) all labelled with the same
## `status` symbol and not marked *waste*. In particular, bucket membership
## for an item is encoded as
##
## * the `status` field indicates the particular *bucket* membership
## * the `reject` field is reset/unset and has zero-equivalent value
##
## The following boundary conditions hold for the union of all buckets:
##
## * *Unique index:*
## Let **T** be the union of all buckets and **Q** be the
## set of *(sender,nonce)* pairs derived from the items of **T**. Then
## **T** and **Q** are isomorphic, i.e. for each pair *(sender,nonce)*
## from **Q** there is exactly one item from **T**, and vice versa.
##
## * *Consecutive nonces:*
## For each *(sender0,nonce0)* of **Q**, either
## *(sender0,nonce0-1)* is in **Q** or *nonce0* is the current nonce as
## registered with the *sender account* (implied by the block chain),
##
## The *consecutive nonces* requirement involves the *sender account*
## which depends on the current state of the block chain as represented by the
## internally cached head (i.e. insertion point where a new block is to be
## appended.)
##
## The following notation describes sets of *(sender,nonce)* pairs for
## per-bucket items. It will be used for boundary conditions similar to the
## ones above.
##
## * **Pending** denotes the set of *(sender,nonce)* pairs for the
## *pending* bucket
##
## * **Staged** denotes the set of *(sender,nonce)* pairs for the
## *staged* bucket
##
## * **Packed** denotes the set of *(sender,nonce)* pairs for the
## *packed* bucket
##
## The pending bucket
## ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
## Items in this bucket hold valid transactions that are not in any of the
## other buckets. All itmes might be promoted form here into other buckets if
## the current state of the block chain as represented by the internally cached
## head changes.
##
## The staged bucket
## ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
## Items in this bucket are ready to be added to a new block. They typycally
## imply some expected minimum reward when mined on PoW networks. Some
## boundary condition holds:
##
## * *Consecutive nonces:*
## For any *(sender0,nonce0)* pair from **Staged**, the pair
## *(sender0,nonce0-1)* is not in **Pending**.
##
## Considering the respective boundary condition on the union of buckets
## **T**, this condition here implies that a *staged* per sender nonce has a
## predecessor in the *staged* or *packed* bucket or is a nonce as registered
## with the *sender account*.
##
## The packed bucket
## ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
## All items from this bucket have been selected from the *staged* bucket, the
## transactions of which (i.e. unwrapped items) can go right away into a new
## ethernet block. How these items are selected was described at the beginning
## of this chapter. The following boundary conditions holds:
##
## * *Consecutive nonces:*
## For any *(sender0,nonce0)* pair from **Packed**, the pair
## *(sender0,nonce0-1)* is neither in **Pending**, nor in **Staged**.
##
## Considering the respective boundary condition on the union of buckets
## **T**, this condition here implies that a *packed* per-sender nonce has a
## predecessor in the very *packed* bucket or is a nonce as registered with the
## *sender account*.
##
##
## Terminal state
## --------------
## After use, items are disposed into a waste basket *FIFO* queue which has a
## maximal length. If the length is exceeded, the oldest items are deleted.
## The waste basket is used as a cache for discarded transactions that need to
## re-enter the system. Recovering from the waste basket saves the effort of
## recovering the sender account from the signature. An item is identified
## *waste* if
##
## * the `reject` field is explicitely set and has a value different
## from a zero-equivalent.
##
## So a *waste* item is clearly distinguishable from any active one as a
## member of one of the *status buckets*.
##
##
##
## Pool coding
## ===========
## A piece of code using this pool architecture could look like as follows:
## ::
## # see also unit test examples, e.g. "Block packer tests"
## var db: CoreDbRef # to be initialised
## var txs: seq[Transaction] # to be initialised
##
## proc mineThatBlock(blk: EthBlock) # external function
##
## ..
##
## var xq = TxPoolRef.new(db) # initialise tx-pool
## ..
##
## xq.add(txs) # add transactions ..
## .. # .. into the buckets
##
## let newBlock = xq.assembleBlock # fetch current mining block
##
## ..
## mineThatBlock(newBlock) ... # external mining & signing process
## ..
##
## xp.smartHead(newBlock.header) # update pool, new insertion point
##
##
## Discussion of example
## ---------------------
## In the example, transactions are processed into buckets via `add()`.
##
## The `ethBlock()` directive assembles and retrieves a new block for mining
## derived from the current pool state. It invokes the block packer which
## accumulates txs from the `pending` buscket into the `packed` bucket which
## then go into the block.
##
## Then mining and signing takes place ...
##
## After mining and signing, the view of the block chain as seen by the pool
## must be updated to be ready for a new mining process. In the best case, the
## canonical head is just moved to the currently mined block which would imply
## just to discard the contents of the *packed* bucket with some additional
## transactions from the *staged* bucket. A more general block chain state
## head update would be more complex, though.
##
## In the most complex case, the newly mined block was added to some block
## chain branch which has become an uncle to the new canonical head retrieved
## by `getCanonicalHead()`. In order to update the pool to the very state
## one would have arrived if worked on the retrieved canonical head branch
## in the first place, the directive `smartHead()` calculates the actions of
## what is needed to get just there from the locally cached head state of the
## pool. These actions are applied by `smartHead()` after the internal head
## position was moved.
##
## The *setter* behind the internal head position adjustment also caches
## updated internal parameters as base fee, state, fork, etc.
##
##
## Adjustable Parameters
## ---------------------
##
## flags
## The `flags` parameter holds a set of strategy symbols for how to process
## items and buckets.
##
## *autoUpdateBucketsDB*
## Automatically update the state buckets after running batch jobs if the
## `dirtyBuckets` flag is also set.
##
## *autoZombifyUnpacked*
## Automatically dispose *pending* or *staged* tx items that were added to
## the state buckets database at least `lifeTime` ago.
##
## lifeTime
## Txs that stay longer in one of the buckets will be moved to a waste
## basket. From there they will be eventually deleted oldest first when
## the maximum size would be exceeded.
##
## priceBump
## There can be only one transaction in the database for the same `sender`
## account and `nonce` value. When adding a transaction with the same
## (`sender`, `nonce`) pair, the new transaction will replace the current one
## if it has a gas price which is at least `priceBump` per cent higher.
##
##
## Read-Only Parameters
## --------------------
## head
## Cached block chain insertion point, not necessarily the same header as
## retrieved by the `getCanonicalHead()`. This insertion point can be
## adjusted with the `smartHead()` function.
import
std/[sequtils, tables],
./tx_pool/[tx_packer, tx_desc, tx_info, tx_item],
./tx_pool/tx_tabs,
./tx_pool/tx_tasks/[
tx_add,
tx_bucket,
tx_head,
tx_dispose],
chronicles,
stew/keyed_queue,
results,
../common/common,
./chain/forked_chain,
./casper
export
TxItemRef,
TxItemStatus,
TxPoolFlags,
TxPoolRef,
TxTabsItemsCount,
results,
tx_desc.startDate,
tx_info,
tx_item.effectiveGasTip,
tx_item.info,
tx_item.itemID,
tx_item.sender,
tx_item.status,
tx_item.timeStamp,
tx_item.tx,
tx_desc.head
{.push raises: [].}
logScope:
topics = "tx-pool"
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Private functions: tasks processor
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc maintenanceProcessing(xp: TxPoolRef)
{.gcsafe,raises: [CatchableError].} =
## Tasks to be done after add/del txs processing
# Purge expired items
if autoZombifyUnpacked in xp.pFlags:
# Move transactions older than `xp.lifeTime` to the waste basket.
xp.disposeExpiredItems
# Update buckets
if autoUpdateBucketsDB in xp.pFlags:
if xp.pDirtyBuckets:
# For all items, re-calculate item status values (aka bucket labels).
# If the `force` flag is set, re-calculation is done even though the
# change flag has remained unset.
discard xp.bucketUpdateAll
xp.pDirtyBuckets = false
proc setHead(xp: TxPoolRef; val: Header)
{.gcsafe,raises: [CatchableError].} =
## Update cached block chain insertion point. This will also update the
## internally cached `baseFee` (depends on the block chain state.)
if xp.head != val:
xp.head = val # calculates the new baseFee
xp.txDB.baseFee = xp.baseFee
xp.pDirtyBuckets = true
xp.bucketFlushPacked
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Public constructor/destructor
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc new*(T: type TxPoolRef; com: CommonRef): T
{.gcsafe,raises: [CatchableError].} =
## Constructor, returns a new tx-pool descriptor.
new result
result.init(com)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Public functions, task manager, pool actions serialiser
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# core/tx_pool.go(848): func (pool *TxPool) AddLocals(txs []..
# core/tx_pool.go(864): func (pool *TxPool) AddRemotes(txs []..
proc add*(xp: TxPoolRef; txs: openArray[PooledTransaction]; info = "")
{.gcsafe,raises: [CatchableError].} =
## Add a list of transactions to be processed and added to the buckets
## database. It is OK pass an empty list in which case some maintenance
## check can be forced.
##
## The argument Transactions `txs` may come in any order, they will be
## sorted by `<account,nonce>` before adding to the database with the
## least nonce first. For this reason, it is suggested to pass transactions
## in larger groups. Calling single transaction jobs, they must strictly be
## passed *smaller nonce* before *larger nonce*.
xp.pDoubleCheckAdd xp.addTxs(txs, info).topItems
xp.maintenanceProcessing
# core/tx_pool.go(854): func (pool *TxPool) AddLocals(txs []..
# core/tx_pool.go(883): func (pool *TxPool) AddRemotes(txs []..
proc add*(xp: TxPoolRef; tx: PooledTransaction; info = "")
{.gcsafe,raises: [CatchableError].} =
## Variant of `add()` for a single transaction.
xp.add(@[tx], info)
proc smartHead*(xp: TxPoolRef; pos: Header, chain: ForkedChainRef): bool
{.gcsafe,raises: [CatchableError].} =
## This function moves the internal head cache (i.e. tx insertion point,
## vmState) and ponts it to a now block on the chain.
##
## it calculates the
## txs that need to be added or deleted after moving the insertion point
## head so that the tx-pool will not fail to re-insert quered txs that are
## on the chain, already. Neither will it loose any txs. After updating the
## the internal head cache, the previously calculated actions will be
## applied.
##
let rcDiff = xp.headDiff(pos, chain)
if rcDiff.isOk:
let changes = rcDiff.value
# Need to move head before adding txs which may rightly be rejected in
# `addTxs()` otherwise.
xp.setHead(pos)
# Delete already *mined* transactions
if 0 < changes.remTxs.len:
debug "queuing delta txs",
mode = "remove",
num = changes.remTxs.len
xp.disposeById(toSeq(changes.remTxs.keys), txInfoChainHeadUpdate)
xp.maintenanceProcessing
return true
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Public functions, getters
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
func com*(xp: TxPoolRef): CommonRef =
## Getter
xp.vmState.com
type AssembledBlock* = object
blk*: EthBlock
blobsBundle*: Opt[BlobsBundle]
blockValue*: UInt256
executionRequests*: Opt[array[3, seq[byte]]]
proc assembleBlock*(
xp: TxPoolRef,
someBaseFee: bool = false
): Result[AssembledBlock, string] {.gcsafe,raises: [CatchableError].} =
## Getter, retrieves a packed block ready for mining and signing depending
## on the internally cached block chain head, the txs in the pool and some
## tuning parameters. The following block header fields are left
## uninitialised:
##
## * *extraData*: Blob
## * *mixHash*: Hash32
## * *nonce*: BlockNonce
##
## Note that this getter runs *ad hoc* all the txs through the VM in
## order to build the block.
var pst = xp.packerVmExec().valueOr: # updates vmState
return err(error)
var blk = EthBlock(
header: pst.assembleHeader # uses updated vmState
)
var blobsBundle: BlobsBundle
for _, nonceList in xp.txDB.packingOrderAccounts(txItemPacked):
for item in nonceList.incNonce:
let tx = item.pooledTx
blk.txs.add tx.tx
if tx.networkPayload != nil:
for k in tx.networkPayload.commitments:
blobsBundle.commitments.add k
for p in tx.networkPayload.proofs:
blobsBundle.proofs.add p
for blob in tx.networkPayload.blobs:
blobsBundle.blobs.add blob
blk.header.transactionsRoot = calcTxRoot(blk.txs)
let com = xp.vmState.com
if com.isShanghaiOrLater(blk.header.timestamp):
blk.withdrawals = Opt.some(com.pos.withdrawals)
if not com.isCancunOrLater(blk.header.timestamp) and blobsBundle.commitments.len > 0:
return err("PooledTransaction contains blobs prior to Cancun")
let blobsBundleOpt =
if com.isCancunOrLater(blk.header.timestamp):
doAssert blobsBundle.commitments.len == blobsBundle.blobs.len
doAssert blobsBundle.proofs.len == blobsBundle.blobs.len
Opt.some blobsBundle
else:
Opt.none BlobsBundle
if someBaseFee:
# make sure baseFee always has something
blk.header.baseFeePerGas = Opt.some(blk.header.baseFeePerGas.get(0.u256))
let executionRequestsOpt =
if com.isPragueOrLater(blk.header.timestamp):
Opt.some(pst.executionRequests)
else:
Opt.none(array[3, seq[byte]])
ok AssembledBlock(
blk: blk,
blobsBundle: blobsBundleOpt,
blockValue: pst.blockValue,
executionRequests: executionRequestsOpt)
# core/tx_pool.go(474): func (pool SetGasPrice,*TxPool) Stats() (int, int) {
# core/tx_pool.go(1728): func (t *txLookup) Count() int {
# core/tx_pool.go(1737): func (t *txLookup) LocalCount() int {
# core/tx_pool.go(1745): func (t *txLookup) RemoteCount() int {
func nItems*(xp: TxPoolRef): TxTabsItemsCount =
## Getter, retrieves the current number of items per bucket and
## some totals.
xp.txDB.nItems
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Public functions, per-tx-item operations
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# core/tx_pool.go(979): func (pool *TxPool) Get(hash common.Hash) ..
# core/tx_pool.go(985): func (pool *TxPool) Has(hash common.Hash) bool {
func getItem*(xp: TxPoolRef; hash: Hash32): Result[TxItemRef,void] =
## Returns a transaction if it is contained in the pool.
xp.txDB.byItemID.eq(hash)
func disposeItems*(xp: TxPoolRef; item: TxItemRef;
reason = txInfoExplicitDisposal;
otherReason = txInfoImpliedDisposal): int
{.discardable,gcsafe,raises: [CatchableError].} =
## Move item to wastebasket. All items for the same sender with nonces
## greater than the current one are deleted, as well. The function returns
## the number of items eventally removed.
xp.disposeItemAndHigherNonces(item, reason, otherReason)
iterator txHashes*(xp: TxPoolRef): Hash32 =
for txHash in nextKeys(xp.txDB.byItemID):
yield txHash
iterator okPairs*(xp: TxPoolRef): (Hash32, TxItemRef) =
for x in nextPairs(xp.txDB.byItemID):
if x.data.reject == txInfoOk:
yield (x.key, x.data)
func numTxs*(xp: TxPoolRef): int =
xp.txDB.byItemID.len
func disposeAll*(xp: TxPoolRef) {.raises: [CatchableError].} =
let numTx = xp.numTxs
var list = newSeqOfCap[TxItemRef](numTx)
for x in nextPairs(xp.txDB.byItemID):
list.add x.data
for x in list:
xp.disposeItems(x)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Public functions, local/remote accounts
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
func inPoolAndOk*(xp: TxPoolRef; txHash: Hash32): bool =
let res = xp.getItem(txHash)
if res.isErr: return false
res.get().reject == txInfoOk
func inPoolAndReason*(xp: TxPoolRef; txHash: Hash32): Result[void, string] =
let res = xp.getItem(txHash)
if res.isErr:
# try to look in rejecteds
let r = xp.txDB.byRejects.eq(txHash)
if r.isErr:
return err("cannot find tx in txpool")
else:
return err(r.get().rejectInfo)
let item = res.get()
if item.reject == txInfoOk:
return ok()
else:
return err(item.rejectInfo)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# End
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------