rm PoW hash function and validation support (#2372 )

Remove AccountStateDB (#2368 )
* Remove AccountStateDB AccountStateDB should no longer be used. It's usage have been reduce to read only operations. Replace it with LedgerRef to reduce maintenance burden. * remove extra spaces Co-authored-by: tersec <tersec@users.noreply.github.com> --------- Co-authored-by: tersec <tersec@users.noreply.github.com>
2024-06-16 10:22:06 +07:00 · 2024-06-16 10:21:02 +07:00 · 2024-06-16 10:20:42 +07:00
25 changed files with 69 additions and 957 deletions
--- a/.gitmodules
+++ b/.gitmodules
@ -113,11 +113,6 @@
  url = https://github.com/status-im/nimbus-build-system.git
  ignore = dirty
  branch = master
-[submodule "vendor/ethash"]
-  path = vendor/ethash
-  url = https://github.com/status-im/nim-ethash
-  ignore = dirty
-  branch = master
 [submodule "vendor/nim-evmc"]
  path = vendor/nim-evmc
  url = https://github.com/status-im/nim-evmc
--- a/nimbus/common/common.nim
+++ b/nimbus/common/common.nim
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 import
  chronicles,
  eth/trie/trie_defs,
-  ../core/[pow, casper],
+  ../core/casper,
  ../db/[core_db, ledger, storage_types],
  ../utils/[utils, ec_recover],
  ".."/[constants, errors],
@ -81,9 +81,6 @@ type
      ## installing a snapshot pivot. The default value for this field is
      ## `GENESIS_PARENT_HASH` to start at the very beginning.

-    pow: PowRef
-      ## Wrapper around `hashimotoLight()` and lookup cache
-
    pos: CasperRef
      ## Proof Of Stake descriptor

@ -141,9 +138,6 @@ proc init(com         : CommonRef,
  com.networkId   = networkId
  com.syncProgress= SyncProgress()
  com.pruneHistory= pruneHistory
-
-  # Always initialise the PoW epoch cache even though it migh no be used
-  com.pow = PowRef.new
  com.pos = CasperRef.new

  # com.currentFork and com.consensusType
@ -253,7 +247,6 @@ func clone*(com: CommonRef, db: CoreDbRef): CommonRef =
    networkId    : com.networkId,
    currentFork  : com.currentFork,
    consensusType: com.consensusType,
-    pow          : com.pow,
    pos          : com.pos,
    pruneHistory : com.pruneHistory)

@ -396,10 +389,6 @@ func startOfHistory*(com: CommonRef): Hash256 =
  ## Getter
  com.startOfHistory

-func pow*(com: CommonRef): PowRef =
-  ## Getter
-  com.pow
-
 func pos*(com: CommonRef): CasperRef =
  ## Getter
  com.pos
--- a/nimbus/core/chain/chain_desc.nim
+++ b/nimbus/core/chain/chain_desc.nim
@ -13,8 +13,7 @@
 import
  ../../common/common,
  ../../utils/utils,
-  ../../vm_types,
-  ../pow
+  ../../vm_types

 export
  common
@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ type
 # Public constructors
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-proc newChain*(com: CommonRef,
+func newChain*(com: CommonRef,
               extraValidation: bool,
               vmState = BaseVMState(nil)): ChainRef =
  ## Constructor for the `Chain` descriptor object.
@ -65,27 +64,23 @@ func newChain*(com: CommonRef): ChainRef =
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Public `Chain` getters
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-proc vmState*(c: ChainRef): BaseVMState =
+func vmState*(c: ChainRef): BaseVMState =
  ## Getter
  c.vmState

-proc pow*(c: ChainRef): PowRef =
-  ## Getter
-  c.com.pow
-
-proc db*(c: ChainRef): CoreDbRef =
+func db*(c: ChainRef): CoreDbRef =
  ## Getter
  c.com.db

-proc com*(c: ChainRef): CommonRef =
+func com*(c: ChainRef): CommonRef =
  ## Getter
  c.com

-proc extraValidation*(c: ChainRef): bool =
+func extraValidation*(c: ChainRef): bool =
  ## Getter
  c.extraValidation

-proc verifyFrom*(c: ChainRef): BlockNumber =
+func verifyFrom*(c: ChainRef): BlockNumber =
  ## Getter
  c.verifyFrom

@ -100,12 +95,12 @@ proc currentBlock*(c: ChainRef): BlockHeader
 # Public `Chain` setters
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-proc `extraValidation=`*(c: ChainRef; extraValidation: bool) =
+func `extraValidation=`*(c: ChainRef; extraValidation: bool) =
  ## Setter. If set `true`, the assignment value `extraValidation` enables
  ## extra block chain validation.
  c.extraValidation = extraValidation

-proc `verifyFrom=`*(c: ChainRef; verifyFrom: BlockNumber) =
+func `verifyFrom=`*(c: ChainRef; verifyFrom: BlockNumber) =
  ## Setter. The  assignment value `verifyFrom` defines the first block where
  ## validation should start if the `Clique` field `extraValidation` was set
  ## `true`.
--- a/nimbus/core/pow.nim
+++ b/nimbus/core/pow.nim
@ -1,211 +0,0 @@
-# Nimbus
-# Copyright (c) 2018-2024 Status Research & Development GmbH
-# Licensed under either of
-#  * Apache License, version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or
-#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
-#  * MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or
-#    http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
-# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
-# according to those terms.
-
-## Block PoW Support (Verifying & Mining)
-## ======================================
-##
-
-{.push raises: [].}
-
-import
-  std/[options, strutils],
-  ../utils/utils,
-  ./pow/pow_cache,
-  eth/[common, keys, p2p, rlp],
-  stew/endians2,
-  ethash,
-  stint
-
-type
-  PowDigest = tuple ##\
-    ## Return value from the `hashimotoLight()` function
-    mixDigest: Hash256
-    value  : Hash256
-
-  PowSpecs* = object ##\
-    ## Relevant block header parts for PoW mining & verifying. This object
-    ## might be more useful for testing and debugging than for production.
-    number*    : BlockNumber
-    miningHash*: Hash256
-    nonce      : BlockNonce
-    mixHash*   : Hash256
-    difficulty : DifficultyInt
-
-  PowHeader = object ##\
-    ## Stolen from `p2p/validate.MiningHeader`
-    parentHash  : Hash256
-    ommersHash  : Hash256
-    coinbase    : EthAddress
-    stateRoot   : Hash256
-    txRoot      : Hash256
-    receiptsRoot: Hash256
-    logsBloom   : common.BloomFilter
-    difficulty  : DifficultyInt
-    number      : BlockNumber
-    gasLimit    : GasInt
-    gasUsed     : GasInt
-    timestamp   : EthTime
-    extraData   : Blob
-
-  PowRef* = ref object of RootObj ##\
-    ## PoW context descriptor
-    lightByEpoch: PowCacheRef     ## PoW cache indexed by epoch
-
-    # You should only create one instance of the RNG per application / library
-    # Ref is used so that it can be shared between components
-    rng: ref HmacDrbgContext
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Private functions: RLP support
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-func append(w: var RlpWriter; specs: PowSpecs) =
-  ## RLP support
-  w.startList(5)
-  w.append(HashOrNum(isHash: false, number: specs.number))
-  w.append(HashOrNum(isHash: true, hash: specs.miningHash))
-  w.append(specs.nonce.toUint)
-  w.append(HashOrNum(isHash: true, hash: specs.mixHash))
-  w.append(specs.difficulty)
-
-func read(rlp: var Rlp; Q: type PowSpecs): Q
-    {.raises: [RlpError].} =
-  ## RLP support
-  rlp.tryEnterList()
-  result.number = rlp.read(HashOrNum).number
-  result.miningHash =  rlp.read(HashOrNum).hash
-  result.nonce =       rlp.read(uint64).toBlockNonce
-  result.mixHash =   rlp.read(HashOrNum).hash
-  result.difficulty =  rlp.read(DifficultyInt)
-
-func rlpTextEncode(specs: PowSpecs): string =
-  "specs #" & $specs.number & " " & rlp.encode(specs).toHex
-
-func decodeRlpText(data: string): PowSpecs
-    {.raises: [CatchableError].} =
-  if 180 < data.len and data[0 .. 6] == "specs #":
-    let hexData = data.split
-    if hexData.len == 3:
-      var rlpData = hexData[2].rlpFromHex
-      result = rlpData.read(PowSpecs)
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Private functions
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-func miningHash(header: BlockHeader): Hash256 =
-  ## Calculate hash from mining relevant fields of the argument `header`
-  let miningHeader = PowHeader(
-    parentHash:  header.parentHash,
-    ommersHash:  header.ommersHash,
-    coinbase:    header.coinbase,
-    stateRoot:   header.stateRoot,
-    txRoot:      header.txRoot,
-    receiptsRoot:header.receiptsRoot,
-    logsBloom:   header.logsBloom,
-    difficulty:  header.difficulty,
-    number:      header.number,
-    gasLimit:    header.gasLimit,
-    gasUsed:     header.gasUsed,
-    timestamp:   header.timestamp,
-    extraData:   header.extraData)
-
-  rlpHash(miningHeader)
-
-# ---------------
-
-proc init(tm: PowRef; light: Option[PowCacheRef]) =
-  ## Constructor
-  tm.rng = newRng()
-
-  if light.isSome:
-    tm.lightByEpoch = light.get
-  else:
-    tm.lightByEpoch = PowCacheRef.new
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Public functions, Constructor
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-proc new*(T: type PowRef; cache: PowCacheRef): T =
-  ## Constructor
-  new result
-  result.init(some(cache))
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Public functions
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-func getPowSpecs*(header: BlockHeader): PowSpecs =
-  ## Extracts relevant parts from the `header` argument that are needed
-  ## for mining or pow verification. This function might be more useful for
-  ## testing and debugging than for production.
-  PowSpecs(
-    number:      header.number,
-    miningHash:  header.miningHash,
-    nonce:       header.nonce,
-    mixHash:     header.mixHash,
-    difficulty:  header.difficulty)
-
-func getPowCacheLookup*(tm: PowRef;
-                        blockNumber: BlockNumber): (uint64, Hash256)
-    {.gcsafe, raises: [KeyError].} =
-  ## Returns the pair `(size,digest)` derived from the lookup cache for the
-  ## `hashimotoLight()` function for the given block number. The `size` is the
-  ## full size of the dataset (the cache represents) as passed on to the
-  ## `hashimotoLight()` function. The `digest` is a hash derived from the
-  ## cache that would be passed on to `hashimotoLight()`.
-  ##
-  ## This function is intended for error reporting and might also be useful
-  ## for testing and debugging.
-  let ds = tm.lightByEpoch.get(blockNumber)
-  if ds == nil:
-    raise newException(KeyError, "block not found")
-
-  result[0] = ds.size
-  result[1] = withKeccakHash:
-    for a in ds.data:
-      h.update(a.data)
-
-# ------------------------
-
-func getPowDigest(tm: PowRef; blockNumber: BlockNumber;
-                  powHeaderDigest: Hash256; nonce: BlockNonce): PowDigest =
-  ## Calculate the expected value of `header.mixHash` using the
-  ## `hashimotoLight()` library method.
-  let
-    ds = tm.lightByEpoch.get(blockNumber)
-    u64Nonce = uint64.fromBytesBE(nonce)
-  hashimotoLight(ds.size, ds.data, powHeaderDigest, u64Nonce)
-
-func getPowDigest*(tm: PowRef; header: BlockHeader): PowDigest =
-  ## Variant of `getPowDigest()`
-  tm.getPowDigest(header.number, header.miningHash, header.nonce)
-
-func getPowDigest*(tm: PowRef; specs: PowSpecs): PowDigest =
-  ## Variant of `getPowDigest()`
-  tm.getPowDigest(specs.number, specs.miningHash, specs.nonce)
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Public functions, debugging & testing
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-func dumpPowSpecs*(specs: PowSpecs): string =
-  ## Text representation of `PowSpecs` argument object
-  specs.rlpTextEncode
-
-func undumpPowSpecs*(data: string): PowSpecs
-    {.raises: [CatchableError].} =
-  ## Recover `PowSpecs` object from text representation
-  data.decodeRlpText
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# End
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- a/nimbus/core/pow/pow_cache.nim
+++ b/nimbus/core/pow/pow_cache.nim
@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-# Nimbus
-# Copyright (c) 2018-2024 Status Research & Development GmbH
-# Licensed under either of
-#  * Apache License, version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or
-#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
-#  * MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or
-#    http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
-# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
-# according to those terms.
-
-## LRU Cache for Epoch Indexed Hashimoto Cache
-## ============================================
-##
-## This module uses the eth-block number (mapped to epoch) to hold and re-use
-## the cache needed for running the `hasimotoLight()` proof-of-work function.
-
-import
-  eth/common,
-  ethash,
-  stew/keyed_queue
-
-{.push raises: [].}
-
-type
-  PowCacheItemRef* = ref object
-    size*: uint64
-    data*: seq[MDigest[512]]
-
-  PowCacheStats* = tuple
-    maxItems: int
-    size: int
-
-  PowCache* = object
-    cacheMax: int
-    cache: KeyedQueue[uint64,PowCacheItemRef]
-
-  PowCacheRef* = ref PowCache
-
-const
-  nItemsMax = 10
-  nItemsInit = 2
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Private helpers
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-proc toKey(bn: BlockNumber): uint64 =
-  bn div EPOCH_LENGTH
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Public functions, constructor
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-proc init*(pc: var PowCache; maxItems = nItemsMax) =
-  ## Constructor for PoW cache
-  pc.cacheMax = maxItems
-  pc.cache.init(nItemsInit)
-
-proc init*(T: type PowCache; maxItems = nItemsMax): T =
-  ## Constructor variant
-  result.init(maxItems)
-
-proc new*(T: type PowCacheRef; maxItems = nItemsMax): T =
-  ## Constructor variant
-  new result
-  result[].init(maxItems)
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Public functions, constructor
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-proc get*(pc: var PowCache; bn: BlockNumber): PowCacheItemRef =
-  ## Return a cache derived from argument `blockNumber` ready to be used
-  ## for the `hashimotoLight()` method.
-  let
-    key = bn.toKey
-    rc = pc.cache.lruFetch(key)
-
-  if rc.isOk:
-    return rc.value
-
-  let
-    # note that `getDataSize()` and `getCacheSize()` depend on
-    # `key * EPOCH_LENGTH` rather than the original block number.
-    top = key * EPOCH_LENGTH
-    pair = PowCacheItemRef(
-      size: top.getDataSize,
-      data: top.getCacheSize.mkcache(top.getSeedhash))
-
-  pc.cache.lruAppend(key, pair, pc.cacheMax)
-
-proc get*(pcr: PowCacheRef; bn: BlockNumber): PowCacheItemRef =
-  ## Variant of `getCache()`
-  pcr[].get(bn)
-
-proc hasItem*(pc: var PowCache; bn: BlockNumber): bool =
-  ## Returns true if there is a cache entry for argument `bn`.
-  pc.cache.hasKey(bn.toKey)
-
-proc hasItem*(pcr: PowCacheRef; bn: BlockNumber): bool =
-  ## Variant of `hasItem()`
-  pcr[].hasItem(bn)
-
-# -------------------------
-
-proc stats*(pc: var PowCache): PowCacheStats =
-  ## Return current cache sizes
-  result = (maxItems: pc.cacheMax, size: pc.cache.len)
-
-proc stats*(pcr: PowCacheRef): PowCacheStats =
-  ## Variant of `stats()`
-  pcr[].stats
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# End
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- a/nimbus/core/validate.nim
+++ b/nimbus/core/validate.nim
@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import
  ../utils/utils,
  "."/[dao, eip4844, gaslimit, withdrawals],
  ./pow/[difficulty, header],
-  ./pow,
  nimcrypto/utils as cryptoutils,
  stew/objects,
  results
@ -34,35 +33,9 @@ const
    byteutils.hexToByteArray[13](DAOForkBlockExtra).toSeq

 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Pivate validator functions
+# Private validator functions
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-proc validateSeal(pow: PowRef; header: BlockHeader): Result[void,string] =
-  try:
-    let (expmixHash, miningValue) = pow.getPowDigest(header)
-
-    if expmixHash != header.mixHash:
-      let
-        miningHash = header.getPowSpecs.miningHash
-        (size, cachedHash) = try: pow.getPowCacheLookup(header.number)
-                            except KeyError: return err("Unknown block")
-                            except CatchableError as e: return err(e.msg)
-      return err("mixHash mismatch. actual=$1, expected=$2," &
-                " blockNumber=$3, miningHash=$4, nonce=$5, difficulty=$6," &
-                " size=$7, cachedHash=$8" % [
-                $header.mixHash, $expmixHash, $header.number,
-                $miningHash, header.nonce.toHex, $header.difficulty,
-                $size, $cachedHash])
-
-    let value = UInt256.fromBytesBE(miningValue.data)
-    if value > UInt256.high div header.difficulty:
-      return err("mining difficulty error")
-
-  except CatchableError as err:
-    return err(err.msg)
-
-  ok()
-
 proc validateHeader(
    com: CommonRef;
    blk: EthBlock;
@ -118,9 +91,6 @@ proc validateHeader(
    if header.difficulty < calcDiffc:
      return err("provided header difficulty is too low")

-    if checkSealOK:
-      return com.pow.validateSeal(header)
-
  ? com.validateWithdrawals(header, blk.withdrawals)
  ? com.validateEip4844Header(header, parentHeader, blk.transactions)
  ? com.validateGasLimitOrBaseFee(header, parentHeader)
@ -195,10 +165,6 @@ proc validateUncles(com: CommonRef; header: BlockHeader;
    if uncle.timestamp <= parent.timestamp:
      return err("Uncle's parent must me older")

-    # Now perform VM level validation of the uncle
-    if checkSealOK:
-      ? com.pow.validateSeal(uncle)
-
    let uncleParent = try:
      chainDB.getBlockHeader(uncle.parentHash)
    except BlockNotFound:
--- a/nimbus/db/core_db/core_apps.nim
+++ b/nimbus/db/core_db/core_apps.nim
@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ proc finalizedHeaderHash*(db: CoreDbRef, headerHash: Hash256) =
 proc safeHeader*(
    db: CoreDbRef;
      ): BlockHeader
-      {.gcsafe, raises: [RlpError,BlockNotFound].} =
+      {.gcsafe, raises: [BlockNotFound].} =
  db.getBlockHeader(db.safeHeaderHash)

 proc finalizedHeader*(
--- a/nimbus/db/ledger/accounts_ledger.nim
+++ b/nimbus/db/ledger/accounts_ledger.nim
@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ proc init*(x: typedesc[AccountsLedgerRef], db: CoreDbRef,
  result.witnessCache = Table[EthAddress, WitnessData]()
  discard result.beginSavepoint

-proc init*(x: typedesc[AccountsLedgerRef], db: CoreDbRef, pruneTrie = true): AccountsLedgerRef =
-  init(x, db, EMPTY_ROOT_HASH, pruneTrie)
+proc init*(x: typedesc[AccountsLedgerRef], db: CoreDbRef): AccountsLedgerRef =
+  init(x, db, EMPTY_ROOT_HASH)

 # Renamed `rootHash()` => `state()`
 proc state*(ac: AccountsLedgerRef): KeccakHash =
@ -784,6 +784,17 @@ func getAccessList*(ac: AccountsLedgerRef): common.AccessList =
  doAssert(ac.savePoint.parentSavepoint.isNil)
  ac.savePoint.accessList.getAccessList()

+proc getEthAccount*(ac: AccountsLedgerRef, address: EthAddress): Account =
+  let acc = ac.getAccount(address, false)
+  if acc.isNil:
+    return emptyEthAccount
+
+  ## Convert to legacy object, will throw an assert if that fails
+  let rc = acc.statement.recast()
+  if rc.isErr:
+    raiseAssert "getAccount(): cannot convert account: " & $$rc.error
+  rc.value
+
 proc state*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB): KeccakHash {.borrow.}
 proc getCodeHash*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress): Hash256 {.borrow.}
 proc getStorageRoot*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress): Hash256 {.borrow.}
--- a/nimbus/db/ledger/base.nim
+++ b/nimbus/db/ledger/base.nim
@ -356,6 +356,11 @@ proc getMpt*(ldg: LedgerRef): CoreDxMptRef =
  result = ldg.ac.rawTrie.CoreDxAccRef.getMpt
  ldg.ifTrackApi: debug apiTxt, api, elapsed, result

+proc getEthAccount*(ldg: LedgerRef, eAddr: EthAddress): Account =
+  ldg.beginTrackApi LdgGetAthAccountFn
+  result = ldg.ac.getEthAccount(eAddr)
+  ldg.ifTrackApi: debug apiTxt, api, elapsed, result
+
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Public virtual read-only methods
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- a/nimbus/db/ledger/base/api_tracking.nim
+++ b/nimbus/db/ledger/base/api_tracking.nim
@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ type
    LdgGetStorageFn            = "getStorage"
    LdgGetStorageRootFn        = "getStorageRoot"
    LdgGetTransientStorageFn   = "getTransientStorage"
+    LdgGetAthAccountFn         = "getEthAccount"
    LdgInAccessListFn          = "inAccessList"
    LdgIncNonceFn              = "incNonce"
    LdgIsDeadAccountFn         = "isDeadAccount"
--- a/nimbus/db/state_db.nim
+++ b/nimbus/db/state_db.nim
@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-# Nimbus
-# Copyright (c) 2018-2024 Status Research & Development GmbH
-# Licensed under either of
-#  * Apache License, version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
-#  * MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
-# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.
-
-## Read only source, import `state_db/read_write` for full functionality.
-##
-## Note that the writable mode is only partially supported by the `Aristo`
-## backend of `CoreDb` (read-only mode is fully supported.)
-
-import
-  state_db/[base, read_only]
-
-export
-  AccountStateDB,
-  ReadOnlyStateDB,
-  accountExists,
-  contractCollision,
-  db,
-  getAccount,
-  getBalance,
-  getCode,
-  getCodeHash,
-  getNonce,
-  getStorage,
-  getStorageRoot,
-  isDeadAccount,
-  isEmptyAccount,
-  newAccountStateDB,
-  rootHash,
-  to
-
-# End
--- a/nimbus/db/state_db/base.nim
+++ b/nimbus/db/state_db/base.nim
@ -1,314 +0,0 @@
-# Nimbus
-# Copyright (c) 2018-2024 Status Research & Development GmbH
-# Licensed under either of
-#  * Apache License, version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
-#  * MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
-# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.
-
-import
-  std/[sets, strformat, typetraits],
-  chronicles,
-  eth/[common, rlp, trie/trie_defs],
-  results,
-  ../../constants,
-  ../../utils/utils,
-  ".."/[core_db, ledger, storage_types]
-
-logScope:
-  topics = "state_db"
-
-# aleth/geth/parity compatibility mode:
-#
-# affected test cases both in GST and BCT:
-# - stSStoreTest\InitCollision.json
-# - stRevertTest\RevertInCreateInInit.json
-# - stCreate2\RevertInCreateInInitCreate2.json
-#
-# pyEVM sided with original Nimbus EVM
-#
-# implementation difference:
-# Aleth/geth/parity using accounts cache.
-# When contract creation happened on an existing
-# but 'empty' account with non empty storage will
-# get new empty storage root.
-# Aleth cs. only clear the storage cache while both pyEVM
-# and Nimbus will modify the state trie.
-# During the next SSTORE call, aleth cs. calculate
-# gas used based on this cached 'original storage value'.
-# In other hand pyEVM and Nimbus will fetch
-# 'original storage value' from state trie.
-#
-# Both Yellow Paper and EIP2200 are not clear about this
-# situation but since aleth/geth/and parity implement this
-# behaviour, we perhaps also need to implement it.
-#
-# TODO: should this compatibility mode enabled via
-# compile time switch, runtime switch, or just hard coded
-# it?
-const
-  aleth_compat = true
-
-type
-  AccountStateDB* = ref object
-    trie: AccountLedger
-    originalRoot: KeccakHash   # will be updated for every transaction
-    when aleth_compat:
-      cleared: HashSet[EthAddress]
-
-  #MptNodeRlpBytes* = seq[byte]
-  #AccountProof* = seq[MptNodeRlpBytes]
-  #SlotProof* = seq[MptNodeRlpBytes]
-
-proc db*(db: AccountStateDB): CoreDbRef =
-  db.trie.db
-
-proc rootHash*(db: AccountStateDB): KeccakHash =
-  db.trie.state
-
-proc `rootHash=`*(db: AccountStateDB, root: KeccakHash) =
-  db.trie = AccountLedger.init(db.trie.db, root)
-
-func newCoreDbAccount(
-    eAddr: EthAddress;
-    nonce = AccountNonce(0);
-    balance = 0.u256;
-     ): CoreDbAccount =
-  CoreDbAccount(
-    address: eAddr,
-    nonce:    nonce,
-    balance:  balance,
-    codeHash: EMPTY_CODE_HASH)
-
-proc newAccountStateDB*(backingStore: CoreDbRef,
-                        root: KeccakHash): AccountStateDB =
-  result.new()
-  result.trie = AccountLedger.init(backingStore, root)
-  result.originalRoot = root
-  when aleth_compat:
-    result.cleared = HashSet[EthAddress]()
-
-#proc getTrie*(db: AccountStateDB): CoreDxMptRef =
-#  db.trie.mpt
-
-#proc getSecureTrie*(db: AccountStateDB): CoreDbPhkRef =
-#  db.trie.phk
-
-proc to*(acc: CoreDbAccount; T: type Account): T =
-  ## Convert to legacy object, will throw an aseert if that fails
-  let rc = acc.recast()
-  if rc.isErr:
-    raiseAssert "getAccount(): cannot convert account: " & $$rc.error
-  rc.value
-
-proc getAccount*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress): CoreDbAccount =
-  db.trie.fetch(eAddr).valueOr:
-    return newCoreDbAccount(eAddr)
-
-proc setAccount*(db: AccountStateDB, acc: CoreDbAccount) =
-  db.trie.merge(acc)
-
-proc deleteAccount*(db: AccountStateDB, acc: CoreDbAccount) =
-  db.trie.delete(acc.address)
-
-proc deleteAccount*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress) =
-  db.trie.delete(eAddr)
-
-proc getCodeHash*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress): Hash256 =
-  db.getAccount(eAddr).codeHash
-
-proc getBalance*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress): UInt256 =
-  db.getAccount(eAddr).balance
-
-proc setBalance*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress, balance: UInt256) =
-  var acc = db.getAccount(eAddr)
-  if acc.balance != balance:
-    acc.balance = balance
-    db.setAccount(acc)
-
-proc addBalance*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress, delta: UInt256) =
-  db.setBalance(eAddr, db.getBalance(eAddr) + delta)
-
-#template getStorageTrie(db: AccountStateDB, account: Account): auto =
-#  storageTrieForAccount(db.trie, account)
-
-proc subBalance*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress, delta: UInt256) =
-  db.setBalance(eAddr, db.getBalance(eAddr) - delta)
-
-#template createTrieKeyFromSlot(slot: UInt256): auto =
-#  # Converts a number to hex big-endian representation including
-#  # prefix and leading zeros:
-#  slot.toBytesBE
-#  # Original py-evm code:
-#  # pad32(int_to_big_endian(slot))
-#  # morally equivalent to toByteRange_Unnecessary but with different types
-
-proc clearStorage*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress) =
-  # Flush associated storage trie (will update account record on disk)
-  db.trie.distinctBase.stoDelete(eAddr).isOkOr:
-    raiseAssert "clearStorage():  stoDelete() failed, " & $$error
-  # Reset storage info locally so that `Aristo` would not complain when
-  # updating the account record on disk
-  var account = db.getAccount(eAddr)
-  account.storage = CoreDbColRef(nil)
-  when aleth_compat:
-    db.cleared.incl eAddr
-
-proc getStorageRoot*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress): Hash256 =
-  db.getAccount(eAddr).storage.state.valueOr:
-    EMPTY_ROOT_HASH
-
-proc setStorage*(
-    db: AccountStateDB;
-    eAddr: EthAddress;
-    slot: UInt256;
-    value: UInt256;
-      ) =
-  var
-    acc = db.getAccount(eAddr)
-    sto = StorageLedger.init(db.trie, acc)
-
-  if value > 0:
-    sto.merge(slot, rlp.encode(value))
-  else:
-    sto.delete(slot)
-
-  # map slot hash back to slot value
-  # see iterator storage below
-  var
-    # slotHash can be obtained from storage.merge()?
-    slotHash = keccakHash(slot.toBytesBE)
-  db.db.newKvt().put(
-    slotHashToSlotKey(slotHash.data).toOpenArray, rlp.encode(slot)).isOkOr:
-      raiseAssert "setStorage(): put(slotHash) failed: " & $$error
-
-  # Changing the storage trie might also change the `storage` descriptor when
-  # the trie changes from empty to existing or v.v.
-  acc.storage = sto.getColumn()
-
-  # No need to hold descriptors for longer than needed
-  let state = acc.storage.state.valueOr:
-    raiseAssert "Storage column state error: " & $$error
-  if state == EMPTY_ROOT_HASH:
-    acc.storage = CoreDbColRef(nil)
-
-iterator storage*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress): (UInt256, UInt256) =
-  let kvt = db.db.newKvt()
-  for key, value in db.trie.storage db.getAccount(eAddr):
-    if key.len != 0:
-      var keyData = kvt.get(slotHashToSlotKey(key).toOpenArray).valueOr:
-        raiseAssert "storage(): get() failed: " & $$error
-      yield (rlp.decode(keyData, UInt256), rlp.decode(value, UInt256))
-
-proc getStorage*(
-    db: AccountStateDB;
-    eAddr: EthAddress;
-    slot: UInt256;
-      ): Result[UInt256,void] =
-  let
-    acc = db.getAccount(eAddr)
-    data = ? StorageLedger.init(db.trie, acc).fetch(slot)
-  ok rlp.decode(data, UInt256)
-
-proc setNonce*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress; nonce: AccountNonce) =
-  var acc = db.getAccount(eAddr)
-  if nonce != acc.nonce:
-    acc.nonce = nonce
-    db.setAccount(acc)
-
-proc getNonce*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress): AccountNonce =
-  db.getAccount(eAddr).nonce
-
-proc incNonce*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress) {.inline.} =
-  db.setNonce(eAddr, db.getNonce(eAddr) + 1)
-
-proc setCode*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress, code: openArray[byte]) =
-  var acc = db.getAccount(eAddr)
-  let codeHash = keccakHash(code)
-  if acc.codeHash != codeHash:
-    if code.len != 0:
-      db.db.newKvt().put(contractHashKey(codeHash).toOpenArray, code).isOkOr:
-        raiseAssert "setCode(): put() failed: " & $$error
-    acc.codeHash = codeHash
-    db.setAccount(acc)
-
-proc getCode*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress): seq[byte] =
-  let codeHash = db.getCodeHash(eAddr)
-  db.db.newKvt().get(contractHashKey(codeHash).toOpenArray).valueOr:
-    EmptyBlob
-
-proc contractCollision*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress): bool =
-  db.getNonce(eAddr) != 0 or
-    db.getCodeHash(eAddr) != EMPTY_CODE_HASH or
-      db.getStorageRoot(eAddr) != EMPTY_ROOT_HASH
-
-proc dumpAccount*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: string): string =
-  let pAddr = eAddr.parseAddress
-  return fmt"{eAddr}: Storage: {db.getStorage(pAddr, 0.u256)}; getAccount: {db.getAccount pAddr}"
-
-proc accountExists*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress): bool =
-  db.trie.fetch(eAddr).isOk
-
-proc isEmptyAccount*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress): bool =
-  let acc = db.trie.fetch(eAddr).valueOr:
-    return false
-  acc.nonce == 0 and
-    acc.balance.isZero and
-    acc.codeHash == EMPTY_CODE_HASH
-
-proc isDeadAccount*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress): bool =
-  let acc = db.trie.fetch(eAddr).valueOr:
-    return true
-  acc.nonce == 0 and
-    acc.balance.isZero and
-    acc.codeHash == EMPTY_CODE_HASH
-
-#proc removeEmptyRlpNode(branch: var seq[MptNodeRlpBytes]) =
-#  if branch.len() == 1 and branch[0] == emptyRlp:
-#    branch.del(0)
-
-#proc getAccountProof*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress): AccountProof =
-#  var branch = db.trie.phk().getBranch(eAddr)
-#  removeEmptyRlpNode(branch)
-#  branch
-
-#proc getStorageProof*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress, slots: seq[UInt256]): seq[SlotProof] =
-#  var acc = db.getAccount(eAddr)
-#  var storageTrie = StorageLedger.init(db.trie, acc)
-#
-#  var slotProofs = newSeqOfCap[SlotProof](slots.len())
-#  for slot in slots:
-#    var branch = storageTrie.phk().getBranch(createTrieKeyFromSlot(slot))
-#    removeEmptyRlpNode(branch)
-#    slotProofs.add(branch)
-#
-#  slotProofs
-
-# Note: `state_db.getCommittedStorage()` is nowhere used.
-#
-#proc getCommittedStorage*(db: AccountStateDB, eAddr: EthAddress, slot: UInt256): UInt256 =
-#  let tmpHash = db.rootHash
-#  db.rootHash = db.originalRoot
-#  db.transactionID.shortTimeReadOnly():
-#    when aleth_compat:
-#      if eAddr in db.cleared:
-#        debug "Forced contract creation on existing account detected", eAddr
-#        result = 0.u256
-#      else:
-#        result = db.getStorage(eAddr, slot)[0]
-#    else:
-#      result = db.getStorage(eAddr, slot)[0]
-#  db.rootHash = tmpHash
-
-# Note: `state_db.updateOriginalRoot()` is nowhere used.
-#
-#proc updateOriginalRoot*(db: AccountStateDB) =
-#  ## this proc will be called for every transaction
-#  db.originalRoot = db.rootHash
-#  # no need to rollback or dispose
-#  # transactionID, it will be handled elsewhere
-#  db.transactionID = db.db.getTransactionID()
-#
-#  when aleth_compat:
-#    db.cleared.clear()
-
-# End
--- a/nimbus/db/state_db/read_only.nim
+++ b/nimbus/db/state_db/read_only.nim
@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-# Nimbus
-# Copyright (c) 2018-2024 Status Research & Development GmbH
-# Licensed under either of
-#  * Apache License, version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE)
-#    or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
-#  * MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT)
-#    or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
-# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
-# except according to those terms.
-
-import
-  results,
-  ../core_db,
-  ./base
-
-type
-  ReadOnlyStateDB* = distinct AccountStateDB
-
-#proc getTrie*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB): CoreDbMptRef {.borrow.}
-proc db*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB): CoreDbRef {.borrow.}
-proc rootHash*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB): KeccakHash {.borrow.}
-proc getAccount*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress): CoreDbAccount {.borrow.}
-proc getCodeHash*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress): Hash256 {.borrow.}
-proc getBalance*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress): UInt256 {.borrow.}
-proc getStorageRoot*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress): Hash256 {.borrow.}
-proc getStorage*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress, slot: UInt256): Result[UInt256,void] {.borrow.}
-proc getNonce*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress): AccountNonce {.borrow.}
-proc getCode*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress): seq[byte] {.borrow.}
-proc contractCollision*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress): bool {.borrow.}
-proc accountExists*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress): bool {.borrow.}
-proc isDeadAccount*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress): bool {.borrow.}
-proc isEmptyAccount*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress): bool {.borrow.}
-#proc getAccountProof*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress): AccountProof {.borrow.}
-#proc getStorageProof*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress, slots: seq[UInt256]): seq[SlotProof] {.borrow.}
-#proc getCommittedStorage*(db: ReadOnlyStateDB, address: EthAddress, slot: UInt256): UInt256 {.borrow.}
-
-# End
--- a/nimbus/db/state_db/read_write.nim
+++ b/nimbus/db/state_db/read_write.nim
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# Nimbus
-# Copyright (c) 2018-2023 Status Research & Development GmbH
-# Licensed under either of
-#  * Apache License, version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE)
-#    or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
-#  * MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT)
-#    or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
-# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
-# except according to those terms.
-
-import
-  "."/[base, read_only]
-
-export
-  base, read_only
-
-# End
--- a/nimbus/graphql/ethapi.nim
+++ b/nimbus/graphql/ethapi.nim
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import
  graphql, graphql/graphql as context,
  graphql/common/types, graphql/httpserver,
  graphql/instruments/query_complexity,
-  ../db/[state_db],
+  ../db/[ledger],
  ../rpc/rpc_types,
  ../rpc/rpc_utils,
  ".."/[transaction, vm_state, config, constants],
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ type
  AccountNode = ref object of Node
    address: EthAddress
    account: Account
-    db: ReadOnlyStateDB
+    db: LedgerRef

  TxNode = ref object of Node
    tx: Transaction
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ proc headerNode(ctx: GraphqlContextRef, header: common.BlockHeader): Node =
    header: header
  )

-proc accountNode(ctx: GraphqlContextRef, acc: Account, address: EthAddress, db: ReadOnlyStateDB): Node =
+proc accountNode(ctx: GraphqlContextRef, acc: Account, address: EthAddress, db: LedgerRef): Node =
  AccountNode(
    kind: nkMap,
    typeName: ctx.ids[ethAccount],
@ -146,11 +146,10 @@ proc wdNode(ctx: GraphqlContextRef, wd: Withdrawal): Node =
    wd: wd
  )

-proc getStateDB(com: CommonRef, header: common.BlockHeader): ReadOnlyStateDB =
+proc getStateDB(com: CommonRef, header: common.BlockHeader): LedgerRef =
  ## Retrieves the account db from canonical head
  ## we don't use accounst_cache here because it's read only operations
-  let ac = newAccountStateDB(com.db, header.stateRoot)
-  ReadOnlyStateDB(ac)
+  LedgerRef.init(com.db, header.stateRoot)

 proc getBlockByNumber(ctx: GraphqlContextRef, number: Node): RespResult =
  try:
@ -353,8 +352,8 @@ proc accountNode(ctx: GraphqlContextRef, header: common.BlockHeader, address: Et
      # but hive test case demand something
      if not db.accountExists(address):
        return ok(respNull())
-    let acc = db.getAccount(address)
-    ok(accountNode(ctx, acc.to(Account), address, db))
+    let acc = db.getEthAccount(address)
+    ok(accountNode(ctx, acc, address, db))
  except RlpError as ex:
    err(ex.msg)

@ -552,7 +551,7 @@ proc accountStorage(ud: RootRef, params: Args, parent: Node): RespResult {.apiPr
  let acc = AccountNode(parent)
  try:
    let slot = parse(params[0].val.stringVal, UInt256, radix = 16)
-    let val = acc.db.getStorage(acc.address, slot).valueOr: 0.u256
+    let val = acc.db.getStorage(acc.address, slot)
    byte32Node(val)
  except RlpError as ex:
    err(ex.msg)
--- a/nimbus/rpc/experimental.nim
+++ b/nimbus/rpc/experimental.nim
@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import
  json_rpc/rpcserver, stint, web3/conversions,
  eth/p2p,
  ../[transaction, vm_state, constants, vm_types],
-  ../db/state_db,
  rpc_types, rpc_utils,
  ../common/common,
  ../utils/utils,
@ -27,13 +26,12 @@ import

 type
  BlockHeader = eth_types.BlockHeader
-  ReadOnlyStateDB = state_db.ReadOnlyStateDB

 proc getMultiKeys*(
    com: CommonRef,
    blockHeader: BlockHeader,
    statePostExecution: bool): MultiKeysRef
-    {.raises: [RlpError, BlockNotFound, ValueError, CatchableError].} =
+    {.raises: [RlpError, BlockNotFound, ValueError].} =

  let
    chainDB = com.db
@ -60,8 +58,8 @@ proc getMultiKeys*(
  mkeys

 proc getBlockProofs*(
-    accDB: ReadOnlyStateDB,
-    mkeys: MultiKeysRef): seq[ProofResponse] {.raises: [RlpError].} =
+    accDB: LedgerRef,
+    mkeys: MultiKeysRef): seq[ProofResponse] =

  var blockProofs = newSeq[ProofResponse]()

@ -81,11 +79,10 @@ proc setupExpRpc*(com: CommonRef, server: RpcServer) =

  let chainDB = com.db

-  proc getStateDB(header: BlockHeader): ReadOnlyStateDB =
+  proc getStateDB(header: BlockHeader): LedgerRef =
    ## Retrieves the account db from canonical head
    # we don't use accounst_cache here because it's only read operations
-    let ac = newAccountStateDB(chainDB, header.stateRoot)
-    result = ReadOnlyStateDB(ac)
+    LedgerRef.init(chainDB, header.stateRoot)

  server.rpc("exp_getProofsByBlockNumber") do(quantityTag: BlockTag, statePostExecution: bool) -> seq[ProofResponse]:
    ## Returns the block proofs for a block by block number or tag.
--- a/nimbus/rpc/p2p.nim
+++ b/nimbus/rpc/p2p.nim
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import
  eth/common/eth_types_json_serialization,
  eth/[keys, rlp, p2p],
  ".."/[transaction, vm_state, constants],
-  ../db/state_db,
+  ../db/ledger,
  ./rpc_types, ./rpc_utils, ./oracle,
  ../transaction/call_evm,
  ../core/tx_pool,
@ -42,23 +42,23 @@ when not AccountAndStorageProofAvailableAndWorking:
    AccountProof = seq[MptNodeRlpBytes]
    SlotProof = seq[MptNodeRlpBytes]
  func getAccountProof(
-      db: ReadOnlyStateDB;
+      db: LedgerRef;
      eAddr: EthAddress;
        ): AccountProof =
    discard
  func getStorageProof(
-      db: ReadOnlyStateDB;
+      db: LedgerRef;
      eAddr: EthAddress;
      slot: seq[UInt256];
        ): seq[SlotProof] =
    discard

 proc getProof*(
-    accDB: ReadOnlyStateDB,
+    accDB: LedgerRef,
    address: EthAddress,
-    slots: seq[UInt256]): ProofResponse {.raises: [RlpError].} =
+    slots: seq[UInt256]): ProofResponse =
  let
-    acc = accDB.getAccount(address)
+    acc = accDB.getEthAccount(address)
    accExists = accDB.accountExists(address)
    accountProof = accDB.getAccountProof(address)
    slotProofs = accDB.getStorageProof(address, slots)
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ proc getProof*(
  var storage = newSeqOfCap[StorageProof](slots.len)

  for i, slotKey in slots:
-    let slotValue = accDB.getStorage(address, slotKey).valueOr: 0.u256
+    let slotValue = accDB.getStorage(address, slotKey)
    storage.add(StorageProof(
        key: slotKey,
        value: slotValue,
@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ proc getProof*(
          balance: acc.balance,
          nonce: w3Qty(acc.nonce),
          codeHash: w3Hash(acc.codeHash),
-          storageHash: w3Hash(acc.to(Account).storageRoot),
+          storageHash: w3Hash(acc.storageRoot),
          storageProof: storage)
  else:
    ProofResponse(
@ -92,13 +92,12 @@ proc setupEthRpc*(
    txPool: TxPoolRef, oracle: Oracle, server: RpcServer) =

  let chainDB = com.db
-  proc getStateDB(header: BlockHeader): ReadOnlyStateDB =
+  proc getStateDB(header: BlockHeader): LedgerRef =
    ## Retrieves the account db from canonical head
    # we don't use accounst_cache here because it's only read operations
-    let ac = newAccountStateDB(chainDB, header.stateRoot)
-    result = ReadOnlyStateDB(ac)
+    LedgerRef.init(chainDB, header.stateRoot)

-  proc stateDBFromTag(quantityTag: BlockTag, readOnly = true): ReadOnlyStateDB
+  proc stateDBFromTag(quantityTag: BlockTag, readOnly = true): LedgerRef
      {.gcsafe, raises: [CatchableError].} =
    result = getStateDB(chainDB.headerFromTag(quantityTag))

@ -182,7 +181,7 @@ proc setupEthRpc*(
    let
      accDB   = stateDBFromTag(quantityTag)
      address = data.ethAddr
-      data = accDB.getStorage(address, slot).valueOr: 0.u256
+      data = accDB.getStorage(address, slot)
    result = data.w3FixedBytes

  server.rpc("eth_getTransactionCount") do(data: Web3Address, quantityTag: BlockTag) -> Web3Quantity:
--- a/tests/all_tests.nim
+++ b/tests/all_tests.nim
@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ cliBuilder:
          ./test_multi_keys,
          ./test_misc,
          #./test_graphql,                         -- fails
-          ./test_pow,
          ./test_configuration,
          #./test_txpool,                          -- fails
          ./test_txpool2,
--- a/tests/replay/mainspecs2k.txt.gz
+++ b/tests/replay/mainspecs2k.txt.gz
--- a/tests/test_blockchain_json.nim
+++ b/tests/test_blockchain_json.nim
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import
  ./test_helpers, ./test_allowed_to_fail,
  ../premix/parser, test_config,
  ../nimbus/[vm_state, vm_types, errors, constants],
-  ../nimbus/db/[ledger, state_db],
+  ../nimbus/db/ledger,
  ../nimbus/utils/[utils, debug],
  ../nimbus/evm/tracer/legacy_tracer,
  ../nimbus/evm/tracer/json_tracer,
@ -187,8 +187,8 @@ proc testGetMultiKeys(chain: ChainRef, parentHeader, currentHeader: BlockHeader)

  # use the MultiKeysRef to build the block proofs
  let
-    ac = newAccountStateDB(chain.com.db, currentHeader.stateRoot)
-    blockProofs = getBlockProofs(state_db.ReadOnlyStateDB(ac), mkeys)
+    ac = LedgerRef.init(chain.com.db, currentHeader.stateRoot)
+    blockProofs = getBlockProofs(ac, mkeys)
  if blockProofs.len() != 0:
    raise newException(ValidationError, "Expected blockProofs.len() == 0")

--- a/tests/test_getproof_json.nim
+++ b/tests/test_getproof_json.nim
@ -12,14 +12,12 @@ import
  web3/eth_api,
  nimcrypto/[keccak, hash],
  eth/[common, rlp, keys, trie/trie_defs, trie/hexary_proof_verification],
-  ../nimbus/db/state_db,
  ../nimbus/db/[ledger, core_db],
  ../nimbus/common/chain_config,
  ../nimbus/rpc/p2p

 type
  Hash256 = eth_types.Hash256
-  ReadOnlyStateDB = state_db.ReadOnlyStateDB

 func ethAddr*(x: Address): EthAddress =
  EthAddress x
@ -79,7 +77,7 @@ proc setupStateDB(genAccounts: GenesisAlloc, stateDB: LedgerRef): Hash256 =

 proc checkProofsForExistingLeafs(
    genAccounts: GenesisAlloc,
-    accDB: ReadOnlyStateDB,
+    accDB: LedgerRef,
    stateRoot: Hash256) =

  for address, account in genAccounts:
@ -106,7 +104,7 @@ proc checkProofsForExistingLeafs(

 proc checkProofsForMissingLeafs(
    genAccounts: GenesisAlloc,
-    accDB: ReadOnlyStateDB,
+    accDB: LedgerRef,
    stateRoot: Hash256) =

  let
@ -137,10 +135,9 @@ proc getProofJsonMain*() =
          coreDb = newCoreDbRef(DefaultDbMemory)
          accountsCache = LedgerRef.init(coreDb, emptyRlpHash)
          stateRootHash = setupStateDB(accounts, accountsCache)
-          accountDb = newAccountStateDB(coreDb, stateRootHash)
-          readOnlyDb = ReadOnlyStateDB(accountDb)
+          accountDb = LedgerRef.init(coreDb, stateRootHash)

-        checkProofsForExistingLeafs(accounts, readOnlyDb, stateRootHash)
+        checkProofsForExistingLeafs(accounts, accountDb, stateRootHash)

    test "Get proofs for missing leafs":
      for file in genesisFiles:
@ -150,10 +147,9 @@ proc getProofJsonMain*() =
          coreDb = newCoreDbRef(DefaultDbMemory)
          accountsCache = LedgerRef.init(coreDb, emptyRlpHash)
          stateRootHash = setupStateDB(accounts, accountsCache)
-          accountDb = newAccountStateDB(coreDb, stateRootHash)
-          readOnlyDb = ReadOnlyStateDB(accountDb)
+          accountDb = LedgerRef.init(coreDb, stateRootHash)

-        checkProofsForMissingLeafs(accounts, readOnlyDb, stateRootHash)
+        checkProofsForMissingLeafs(accounts, accountDb, stateRootHash)

 when isMainModule:
  getProofJsonMain()
--- a/tests/test_pow.nim
+++ b/tests/test_pow.nim
@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-# Nimbus
-# Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Status Research & Development GmbH
-# Licensed under either of
-#  * Apache License, version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or
-#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
-#  * MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or
-#    http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
-# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
-# according to those terms.
-
-import
-  std/[os, sequtils, strformat, strutils, times],
-  ./replay/[pp, gunzip],
-  ../nimbus/core/[pow, pow/pow_cache],
-  eth/common,
-  unittest2
-
-const
-  baseDir = [".", "tests", ".." / "tests", $DirSep] # path containg repo
-  repoDir = ["replay"]                              # alternative repos
-
-  specsDump = "mainspecs2k.txt.gz"
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Helpers
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-proc say*(noisy = false; pfx = "***"; args: varargs[string, `$`]) =
-  if noisy:
-    if args.len == 0:
-      echo "*** ", pfx
-    elif 0 < pfx.len and pfx[^1] != ' ':
-      echo pfx, " ", args.toSeq.join
-    else:
-      echo pfx, args.toSeq.join
-
-proc findFilePath(file: string): string =
-  result = "?unknown?" / file
-  for dir in baseDir:
-    for repo in repoDir:
-      let path = dir / repo / file
-      if path.fileExists:
-        return path
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Test Runners
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-proc runPowTests(noisy = true; file = specsDump;
-                 nVerify = int.high; nFakeMiner = 0, nRealMiner = 0) =
-  let
-    filePath = file.findFilePath
-    fileInfo = file.splitFile.name.split(".")[0]
-
-    powCache = PowCacheRef.new # so we can inspect the LRU caches
-    pow = PowRef.new(powCache)
-
-  var specsList: seq[PowSpecs]
-
-  suite &"PoW: Header test specs from {fileInfo} capture":
-    block:
-      test "Loading from capture":
-        for (lno,line) in gunzipLines(filePath):
-          let specs = line.undumpPowSpecs
-          if 0 < specs.number:
-            specsList.add specs
-            check line == specs.dumpPowSpecs
-        noisy.say "***", " block range #",
-          specsList[0].number, " .. #", specsList[^1].number
-
-    # Adjust number of tests
-    let
-      startVerify = max(0, specsList.len - nVerify)
-      nDoVerify = specsList.len - startVerify
-
-    block:
-      test &"Running single getPowDigest() to fill the cache":
-        if nVerify <= 0:
-          skip()
-        else:
-          noisy.showElapsed(&"first getPowDigest() instance"):
-            let p = specsList[startVerify]
-            check pow.getPowDigest(p).mixDigest == p.mixHash
-
-      test &"Running getPowDigest() on {nDoVerify} specs records":
-        if nVerify <= 0:
-          skip()
-        else:
-          noisy.showElapsed(&"all {nDoVerify} getPowDigest() instances"):
-            for n in startVerify ..< specsList.len:
-              let p = specsList[n]
-              check pow.getPowDigest(p).mixDigest == p.mixHash
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Main function(s)
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-proc powMain*(noisy = defined(debug)) =
-  noisy.runPowTests(nVerify = 100)
-
-when isMainModule:
-  # Note:
-  #   0 < nFakeMiner: allow ~20 minuntes for building lookup table
-  #   0 < nRealMiner: takes days/months/years ...
-  true.runPowTests(nVerify = 200, nFakeMiner = 200, nRealMiner = 5)
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# End
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- a/tests/test_rpc_getproofs_track_state_changes.nim
+++ b/tests/test_rpc_getproofs_track_state_changes.nim
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import
  ../nimbus/db/opts,
  ../nimbus/db/core_db,
  ../nimbus/db/core_db/persistent,
-  ../nimbus/db/state_db/base,
+  ../nimbus/db/ledger,
  ./rpc/experimental_rpc_client

 const
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ template toHash256(hash: untyped): Hash256 =
  fromHex(Hash256, hash.toHex())

 proc updateStateUsingProofsAndCheckStateRoot(
-    stateDB: AccountStateDB,
+    stateDB: LedgerRef,
    expectedStateRoot: Hash256,
    proofs: seq[ProofResponse]) =

@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ proc rpcGetProofsTrackStateChangesMain*() =

      let
        blockHeader = waitFor client.eth_getBlockByNumber(blockId(START_BLOCK), false)
-        stateDB = newAccountStateDB(com.db, blockHeader.stateRoot.toHash256())
+        stateDB = LedgerRef.init(com.db, blockHeader.stateRoot.toHash256())

      for i in START_BLOCK..END_BLOCK:
        let
--- a/vendor/ethash
+++ b/vendor/ethash
@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Subproject commit 953b8ed994d5f14569ca255cfe75bb4507025dcc
--- a/vendor/nim-bearssl
+++ b/vendor/nim-bearssl
@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit d81b37dc2011bf3a2bd93500489877c2ce8e6ac3
+Subproject commit a806cbfab5fe8de49c76139f8705fff79daf99ee
				`@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`Subproject commit 953b8ed994d5f14569ca255cfe75bb4507025dcc`