* Added basic async capabilities for vm2.
This is a whole new Git branch, not the same one as last time
(https://github.com/status-im/nimbus-eth1/pull/1250) - there wasn't
much worth salvaging. Main differences:
I didn't do the "each opcode has to specify an async handler" junk
that I put in last time. Instead, in oph_memory.nim you can see
sloadOp calling asyncChainTo and passing in an async operation.
That async operation is then run by the execCallOrCreate (or
asyncExecCallOrCreate) code in interpreter_dispatch.nim.
In the test code, the (previously existing) macro called "assembler"
now allows you to add a section called "initialStorage", specifying
fake data to be used by the EVM computation run by that test. (In
the long run we'll obviously want to write tests that for-real use
the JSON-RPC API to asynchronously fetch data; for now, this was
just an expedient way to write a basic unit test that exercises the
async-EVM code pathway.)
There's also a new macro called "concurrentAssemblers" that allows
you to write a test that runs multiple assemblers concurrently (and
then waits for them all to finish). There's one example test using
this, in test_op_memory_lazy.nim, though you can't actually see it
doing so unless you uncomment some echo statements in
async_operations.nim (in which case you can see the two concurrently
running EVM computations each printing out what they're doing, and
you'll see that they interleave).
A question: is it possible to make EVMC work asynchronously? (For
now, this code compiles and "make test" passes even if ENABLE_EVMC
is turned on, but it doesn't actually work asynchronously, it just
falls back on doing the usual synchronous EVMC thing. See
FIXME-asyncAndEvmc.)
* Moved the AsyncOperationFactory to the BaseVMState object.
* Made the AsyncOperationFactory into a table of fn pointers.
Also ditched the plain-data Vm2AsyncOperation type; it wasn't
really serving much purpose. Instead, the pendingAsyncOperation
field directly contains the Future.
* Removed the hasStorage idea.
It's not the right solution to the "how do we know whether we
still need to fetch the storage value or not?" problem. I
haven't implemented the right solution yet, but at least
we're better off not putting in a wrong one.
* Added/modified/removed some comments.
(Based on feedback on the PR.)
* Removed the waitFor from execCallOrCreate.
There was some back-and-forth in the PR regarding whether nested
waitFor calls are acceptable:
https://github.com/status-im/nimbus-eth1/pull/1260#discussion_r998587449
The eventual decision was to just change the waitFor to a doAssert
(since we probably won't want this extra functionality when running
synchronously anyway) to make sure that the Future is already
finished.
- Let accumulator finish its last pre merge epoch (hash_tree_root
on incomplete epoch).
- Adjust code to use isPreMerge and remove isCurrentEpoch
- Split up tests to a set that runs with a mainnet merge block
number and a set that runs with a testing value.
* Fix bug in inCurrentEpoch and improve accumulator related tests
- Fix negative wraparound / underflow in inCurrentEpoch
- Add tests in accumulator tests to verify the above
- Add header offer tests with accumulator that does and doesn't
contain historical epochs
- Additional clean-up of history tests
- enable canonicalVerify in the tests
* dist: precompiled binaries and Docker images
The builds are reproducible, the binaries are portable and statically link librocksdb.
This took some patching. Upstream PR: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/9752
32-bit ARM is missing as a target because two different GCC versions
fail with an ICE when trying to cross-compile RocksDB. Using Clang
instead is too much trouble for a platform that nobody should be using
anyway.
(Clang doesn't come with its own target headers and libraries, can't be
easily convinced to use the ones from GCC, so it needs an fs image from
a 32-bit ARM distro - at which point I stopped caring).
* CI: disable reproducibility test
We can't use `ulimit -s` to limit stack size on Windows. Even though Bash
accepts `ulimit -s` and the numbers change it has no effect and is not passed
to child processes.
(See https://public-inbox.org/git/alpine.DEB.2.21.1.1709131448390.4132@virtualbox/)
Instead, set it when building the test executable, following, a suggestion from
@stefantalpalaru.
https://github.com/status-im/nimbus-eth1/pull/598#discussion_r621107128
To ensure no conflict with `config.nims`, `-d:windowsNoSetStack` is used. This
proved unnecessary in practice because the command-line option is passed to the
linker after the config file option. But given we don't have an automated test
to verify linker behaviour, it's best not to rely on the option order, neither
how the linker treats it, or whether Nim will always send them in that order.
Testing:
This has been verified by using a smaller limit. At 200k, all `ENABLE_EVMC=0`
OS targets passed as expected, and all `ENABLE_EVMC=1` OS targets failed with
expected kinds of errors due to stack overflow, including Windows.
(400k wasn't small enough; 32-bit x86 Windows passed on that).
Signed-off-by: Jamie Lokier <jamie@shareable.org>
This patch reduces stack space used with EVM in ENABLE_EVMC=1 mode, from 13 MB
worst case to 550 kB, a 24x reduction.
This completes fixing the "stack problem" and closes#575 (`EVM: Different
segmentation faults when running the test suite with EVMC`).
It also closes#256 (`recursive EVM call trigger unrecoverable stack overflow`).
After this patch, it is possible to re-enable the CI targets which had to be
disabled due to #575.
This change is also a required precursor for switching over to "nearly EVMC" as
the clean and focused Nimbus-internal API between EVM and sync/database
processes, and is also key to the use of Chronos `async` in those processes
when calling the EVM.
(The motivation is the internal interface has to be substantially changed
_anyway_ for the parallel sync and database processes, and EVMC turns out to be
well-designed and well-suited for this. It provides good separation between
modules, and suits our needs better than our other current interface. Might as
well use a good one designed by someone else. EVMC is 98% done in Nimbus
thanks to great work done before by @jangko, and we can use Nimbus-specific
extensions where we need flexibility, including for performance. Being aligned
with the ecosystem is a useful bonus feature.)
All tests below were run on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS server, x86-64. This matches one
of the targets that has been disabled for a while in CI in EVMC mode due to
stack overflow crashing the tests, so it's a good choice.
Measurements before
===================
Testing commit `e76e0144 2021-04-22 11:29:42 +0700 add submodules: graphql and
toml-serialization`.
$ rm -f build/all_tests && make ENABLE_EVMC=1 test
$ ulimit -S -s 16384 # Requires larger stack than default to avoid crash.
$ ./build/all_tests 9 | tee tlog
[Suite] persist block json tests
...
Stack range 38416 depthHigh 3
...
Stack range 13074720 depthHigh 1024
[OK] tests/fixtures/PersistBlockTests/block1431916.json
These tests use 13.07 MB of stack to run, and so crash with the default stack
limit on Ubuntu Server 20.04 (8MB). Exactly 12768 bytes per EVM call stack
frame.
$ rm -f build/all_tests && make ENABLE_EVMC=1 test
$ ulimit -S -s 16384 # Requires larger stack than default.
$ ./build/all_tests 7 | tee tlog
[Suite] new generalstate json tests
...
Stack range 14384 depthHigh 2
...
Stack range 3495456 depthHigh 457
[OK] tests/fixtures/eth_tests/GeneralStateTests/stRandom2/randomStatetest639.json
...
Stack range 3709600 depthHigh 485
[OK] tests/fixtures/eth_tests/GeneralStateTests/stRandom2/randomStatetest458.json
...
Stack range 7831600 depthHigh 1024
[OK] tests/fixtures/eth_tests/GeneralStateTests/stCreate2/Create2OnDepth1024.json
These tests use 7.83MB of stack to run. About 7648 bytes per EVM call stack
frame. It _only just_ avoids crashing with the default Ubuntu Server stack
limit of 8 MB. However, it still crashes on Windows x86-64, which is why the
Windows CI EVMC target is currently disabled.
On Linux where this passes, this is so borderline that it affects work and
testing of the complex storage code, because that's called from the EVM.
Also, this greatly exceeds the default thread stack size.
Measurements after
==================
$ rm -f build/all_tests && make ENABLE_EVMC=1 test
$ ulimit -S -s 600 # Because we can! 600k stack.
$ ./build/all_tests 9 | tee tlog
[Suite] persist block json tests
...
Stack range 1936 depthHigh 3
...
Stack range 556272 depthHigh 1022
Stack range 556512 depthHigh 1023
Stack range 556816 depthHigh 1023
Stack range 557056 depthHigh 1024
Stack range 557360 depthHigh 1024
[OK] tests/fixtures/PersistBlockTests/block1431916.json
$ rm -f build/all_tests && make ENABLE_EVMC=1 test
$ ulimit -S -s 600 # Because we can! 600k stack.
$ ./build/all_tests 7 | tee tlog
[Suite] new generalstate json tests
...
Stack range 1392 depthHigh 2
...
Stack range 248912 depthHigh 457
[OK] tests/fixtures/eth_tests/GeneralStateTests/stRandom2/randomStatetest639.json
...
Stack range 264144 depthHigh 485
[OK] tests/fixtures/eth_tests/GeneralStateTests/stRandom2/randomStatetest458.json
...
Stack range 557360 depthHigh 1024
[OK] tests/fixtures/eth_tests/GeneralStateTests/stStaticCall/static_CallRecursiveBombPreCall.json
For both tests, a satisfying *544 bytes* per EVM call stack frame, and EVM
takes less than 600 kB total. With other overheads, both tests run in 600 kB
stack total at maximum EVM depth.
We must add some headroom on this for database activity called from the EVM,
and different compile targets. But it means the EVM itself is no longer a
stack burden.
This is much smaller than the default thread stack size on Linux (2MB), with
plenty of margin. (Just fyi, it isn't smaller than a _small_ thread stack on
Linux from a long time ago (128kB), and some small embedded C targets.)
This size is well suited to running EVMs in threads.
Further reduction
=================
This patch solves the stack problem. Windows and Linux 64-bit EVMC CI targets
can be re-enabled, and there is no longer a problem with stack usage.
We can reduce further to ~340 bytes per frame and 350 kB total, while still
complying with EVMC. But as this involves changing how errors are handled to
comply fully with EVMC, and removing `dispose` calls, it's not worth doing now
while there are other EVMC changes in progress that will have the same effect.
A Nimbus-specific extension will allow us to avoid recursion with EVMC anyway,
bringing bytes per frame to zero. We need the extension anyway, to support
Chronos `async` which parallel transaction processing is built around.
Interop with non-Nimbus over EVMC won't let us avoid recursion, but then we
can't control the stack frame size either. To prevent stack overflow in
interop I anticipate using (this method in Aleth)
[6e96ce34e3/libethereum/ExtVM.cpp (L61)].
Smoke test other versions of GCC and Clang/LLVM
===============================================
As all builds including Windows use GCC or Apple's Clang/LLVM, this is just to
verify we're in the right ballpark on all targets. I've only checked `x86_64`
though, not 32-bit, and not ARM.
It's interesting to see GCC 10 uses less stack. This is because it optimises
`struct` returns better, sometimes skipping an intermediate copy. Here it
benefits the EVMC API, but I found GCC 10 also improves the larger stack usage
of the rest of `nimbus-eth1` as well.
Apple clang 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.26.2) on MacOS 10.15:
- 544 bytes per EVM call stack frame
GCC 10.3.0 (Ubuntu 10.3.0-1ubuntu1) on Ubuntu 21.04:
- 464 bytes per EVM call stack frame
GCC 10.2.0 (Ubuntu 10.2.0-5ubuntu1~20.04) on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS:
- 464 bytes per EVM call stack frame
GCC 11.0.1 20210417 (experimental; Ubuntu 11-20210417-1ubuntu1) on Ubuntu 21.04:
- 8 bytes per EVM call stack frame
GCC 9.3.0 (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04) on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS:
- 544 bytes per EVM call stack frame
GCC 8.4.0 (Ubuntu 8.4.0-3ubuntu2) on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS:
- 544 bytes per EVM call stack frame
GCC 7.5.0 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-6ubuntu2) on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS:
- 544 bytes per EVM call stack frame
GCC 9.2.1 20191008 (Ubuntu 9.2.1-9ubuntu2) on Ubuntu 19.10:
- 528 bytes per EVM call stack frame
Signed-off-by: Jamie Lokier <jamie@shareable.org>
Additional changes:
- Makefile verbosity control
- nimble.sh can now run in parallel on the same *.nimble file
- nimble.sh no longer used in the Makefile, in favour of a nimbus.nims
symlink that eliminates race risks in parallel jobs
- nimbus.nimble takes extra params in the command line, with the caveat
that they also apply to nim
- setCommand() replaced with exec(), to avoid splitting param strings
Adam Spitz
KonradStaniec
Kim De Mey
jangko
Jacek Sieka
Zahary Karadjov
Ștefan Talpalaru
Jamie Lokier