nimbus-eth1/nimbus/core/pow/difficulty.nim

# Nimbus
# Copyright (c) 2018-2024 Status Research & Development GmbH
# Licensed under either of
#  * Apache License, version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
#  * MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or
#    http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
# according to those terms.

import
  ../../common/common

export
  common

const
  ExpDiffPeriod           = 100000.u256
  DifficultyBoundDivisorU = 2048.u256
  DifficultyBoundDivisorI = 2048.i256
  DurationLimit           = 13
  MinimumDifficultyU      = 131072.u256
  MinimumDifficultyI      = 131072.i256
  bigOne = 1.u256
  bigTwo = 2.u256
  bigNine = 9.i256
  bigOneI = 1.i256
  bigTwoI = 2.i256
  bigTenI = 10.i256
  bigMin99 = -99.i256

template difficultyBomb(periodCount: UInt256) =
  periodCount = periodCount div ExpDiffPeriod

  if periodCount > bigOne:
    # diff = diff + 2^(periodCount - 2)
    var expDiff = periodCount - bigTwo
    expDiff = bigTwo.pow(expDiff)

    diff = diff + expDiff
    diff = max(diff, MinimumDifficultyU)

# calcDifficultyFrontier is the difficulty adjustment algorithm. It returns the
# difficulty that a new block should have when created at time given the parent
# block's time and difficulty. The calculation uses the Frontier rules.
func calcDifficultyFrontier*(timeStamp: EthTime, parent: Header): DifficultyInt =
  var diff: DifficultyInt
  let adjust  = parent.difficulty div DifficultyBoundDivisorU
  let time = timeStamp
  let parentTime = parent.timestamp

  if time - parentTime < DurationLimit:
    diff = parent.difficulty + adjust
  else:
    diff = parent.difficulty - adjust

  diff = max(diff, MinimumDifficultyU)

  var periodCount = parent.number.u256 + bigOne
  difficultyBomb(periodCount)
  result = diff

# calcDifficultyHomestead is the difficulty adjustment algorithm. It returns
# the difficulty that a new block should have when created at time given the
# parent block's time and difficulty. The calculation uses the Homestead rules.
func calcDifficultyHomestead*(timeStamp: EthTime, parent: Header): DifficultyInt =
  # https:#github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-2.md
  # algorithm:
  # diff = (parent_diff +
  #         (parent_diff / 2048 * max(1 - (block_timestamp - parent_timestamp) # 10, -99))
  #        ) + 2^(periodCount - 2)

  let time = timeStamp
  let parentTime = parent.timestamp
  let parentDifficulty = cast[Int256](parent.difficulty)

  # 1 - (block_timestamp - parent_timestamp) # 10
  var x = (time - parentTime).uint64.i256
  x = x div bigTenI
  x = bigOneI - x

  # max(1 - (block_timestamp - parent_timestamp) # 10, -99)
  x = max(x, bigMin99)

  # (parent_diff + parent_diff # 2048 * max(1 - (block_timestamp - parent_timestamp) # 10, -99))
  var y = parentDifficulty div DifficultyBoundDivisorI
  x = y * x
  x = parentDifficulty + x

  # minimum difficulty can ever be (before exponential factor)
  var diff = cast[UInt256](max(x, MinimumDifficultyI))

  # for the exponential factor
  var periodCount = parent.number.u256 + bigOne
  difficultyBomb(periodCount)

  result = diff

# makeDifficultyCalculator creates a difficultyCalculator with the given bomb-delay.
# the difficulty is calculated with Byzantium rules, which differs from Homestead in
# how uncles affect the calculation
func makeDifficultyCalculator(bombDelay: static[int], timeStamp: EthTime, parent: Header): DifficultyInt =
  # Note, the calculations below looks at the parent number, which is 1 below
  # the block number. Thus we remove one from the delay given
  const
    bombDelayFromParent = bombDelay.u256 - bigOne

  # https:#github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/100.
  # algorithm:
  # diff = (parent_diff +
  #         (parent_diff / 2048 * max((2 if len(parent.uncles) else 1) - ((timestamp - parent.timestamp) # 9), -99))
  #        ) + 2^(periodCount - 2)

  let time = timeStamp
  let parentTime = parent.timestamp
  let parentDifficulty = cast[Int256](parent.difficulty)

  # (2 if len(parent_uncles) else 1) - (block_timestamp - parent_timestamp) # 9
  var x = (time - parentTime).uint64.i256
  x = x div bigNine

  if parent.ommersHash == EMPTY_UNCLE_HASH:
    x = bigOneI - x
  else:
    x = bigTwoI - x

  # max((2 if len(parent_uncles) else 1) - (block_timestamp - parent_timestamp) # 9, -99)
  x = max(x, bigMin99)

  # parent_diff + (parent_diff / 2048 * max((2 if len(parent.uncles) else 1) - ((timestamp - parent.timestamp) # 9), -99))
  var y = parentDifficulty div DifficultyBoundDivisorI
  x = y * x
  x = parentDifficulty + x

  # minimum difficulty can ever be (before exponential factor)
  var diff = cast[UInt256](max(x, MinimumDifficultyI))

  # calculate a fake block number for the ice-age delay
  # Specification: https:#eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1234
  var periodCount: UInt256
  if parent.number.u256 >= bombDelayFromParent:
    periodCount = parent.number.u256 - bombDelayFromParent

  difficultyBomb(periodCount)

  result = diff

template calcDifficultyByzantium*(timeStamp: EthTime, parent: Header): DifficultyInt =
  ## "EIP-649: Metropolis Difficulty Bomb Delay and Block Reward Reduction"
  ## <https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-649>
  makeDifficultyCalculator(3_000_000, timeStamp, parent)

template calcDifficultyConstantinople*(timeStamp: EthTime, parent: Header): DifficultyInt =
  ## "EIP-1234: Constantinople Difficulty Bomb Delay and Block Reward Adjustment"
  ## <https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1234>
  ## Keep using Byzantium's rules but offset the bomb 5.0M blocks.
  makeDifficultyCalculator(5_000_000, timeStamp, parent)

template calcDifficultyMuirGlacier*(timeStamp: EthTime, parent: Header): DifficultyInt =
  ## "EIP-2384: Muir Glacier Difficulty Bomb Delay"
  ## <https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2384>
  ## Offset the bomb 4.0M more blocks than Constantinople, total 9.0M blocks.
  makeDifficultyCalculator(9_000_000, timeStamp, parent)

template calcDifficultyLondon*(timeStamp: EthTime, parent: Header): DifficultyInt =
  ## "EIP-3554: Difficulty Bomb Delay to December 2021"
  ## <https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3554>
  ## Offset the bomb a total of 9.7M blocks.
  makeDifficultyCalculator(9_700_000, timeStamp, parent)

template calcDifficultyArrowGlacier*(timeStamp: EthTime, parent: Header): DifficultyInt =
  ## "EIP-4345: Difficulty Bomb Delay to June 2022"
  ## <https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4345>
  ## Offset the bomb a total of 10.7M blocks.
  makeDifficultyCalculator(10_700_000, timeStamp, parent)

template calcDifficultyGrayGlacier*(timeStamp: EthTime, parent: Header): DifficultyInt =
  ## "EIP-4345: Difficulty Bomb Delay to September 2022"
  ## <https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5133>
  ## Offset the bomb a total of 11.4M blocks.
  makeDifficultyCalculator(11_400_000, timeStamp, parent)

func calcDifficulty*(com: CommonRef, timeStamp: EthTime, parent: Header): DifficultyInt =
  let next = com.toHardFork(parent.forkDeterminationInfo.adjustForNextBlock)
  if next >= GrayGlacier:
    result = calcDifficultyGrayGlacier(timeStamp, parent)
  elif next >= ArrowGlacier:
    result = calcDifficultyArrowGlacier(timeStamp, parent)
  elif next >= London:
    result = calcDifficultyLondon(timeStamp, parent)
  elif next >= MuirGlacier:
    result = calcDifficultyMuirGlacier(timeStamp, parent)
  elif next >= Constantinople:
    result = calcDifficultyConstantinople(timeStamp, parent)
  elif next >= Byzantium:
    result = calcDifficultyByzantium(timeStamp, parent)
  elif next >= Homestead:
    result = calcDifficultyHomestead(timeStamp, parent)
  else:
    result = calcDifficultyFrontier(timeStamp, parent)