when (NimMajor,NimMinor,NimPatch) >= (0,20,0):
  import std/concurrency/atomics
  export atomics
else:
  # Backport of Nim 0.20 atomics to earlier versions

  #
  #
  #            Nim's Runtime Library
  #        (c) Copyright 2018 Jörg Wollenschläger
  #
  #    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
  #    distribution, for details about the copyright.
  #

  ## Types and operations for atomic operations and lockless algorithms.

  when defined(cpp) or defined(nimdoc):
    # For the C++ backend, types and operations map directly to C++11 atomics.

    {.push, header: "<atomic>".}

    type
      MemoryOrder* {.importcpp: "std::memory_order".} = enum
        ## Specifies how non-atomic operations can be reordered around atomic
        ## operations.

        moRelaxed
          ## No ordering constraints. Only the atomicity and ordering against
          ## other atomic operations is guaranteed.

        moConsume
          ## This ordering is currently discouraged as it's semantics are
          ## being revised. Acquire operations should be preferred.

        moAcquire
          ## When applied to a load operation, no reads or writes in the
          ## current thread can be reordered before this operation.

        moRelease
          ## When applied to a store operation, no reads or writes in the
          ## current thread can be reorderd after this operation.

        moAcquireRelease
          ## When applied to a read-modify-write operation, this behaves like
          ## both an acquire and a release operation.

        moSequentiallyConsistent
          ## Behaves like Acquire when applied to load, like Release when
          ## applied to a store and like AcquireRelease when applied to a
          ## read-modify-write operation.
          ## Also garantees that all threads observe the same total ordering
          ## with other moSequentiallyConsistent operations.

    type
      Atomic* {.importcpp: "std::atomic".} [T] = object
        ## An atomic object with underlying type `T`.

      AtomicFlag* {.importcpp: "std::atomic_flag".} = object
        ## An atomic boolean state.

    # Access operations

    proc load*[T](location: var Atomic[T]; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.importcpp: "#.load(@)".}
      ## Atomically obtains the value of the atomic object.

    proc store*[T](location: var Atomic[T]; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent) {.importcpp: "#.store(@)".}
      ## Atomically replaces the value of the atomic object with the `desired`
      ## value.

    proc exchange*[T](location: var Atomic[T]; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.importcpp: "#.exchange(@)".}
      ## Atomically replaces the value of the atomic object with the `desired`
      ## value and returns the old value.

    proc compareExchange*[T](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): bool {.importcpp: "#.compare_exchange_strong(@)".}
      ## Atomically compares the value of the atomic object with the `expected`
      ## value and performs exchange with the `desired` one if equal or load if
      ## not. Returns true if the exchange was successful.

    proc compareExchange*[T](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; success, failure: MemoryOrder): bool {.importcpp: "#.compare_exchange_strong(@)".}
      ## Same as above, but allows for different memory orders for success and
      ## failure.

    proc compareExchangeWeak*[T](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): bool {.importcpp: "#.compare_exchange_weak(@)".}
      ## Same as above, but is allowed to fail spuriously.

    proc compareExchangeWeak*[T](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; success, failure: MemoryOrder): bool {.importcpp: "#.compare_exchange_weak(@)".}
      ## Same as above, but allows for different memory orders for success and
      ## failure.

    # Numerical operations

    proc fetchAdd*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.importcpp: "#.fetch_add(@)".}
      ## Atomically adds a `value` to the atomic integer and returns the
      ## original value.

    proc fetchSub*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.importcpp: "#.fetch_sub(@)".}
      ## Atomically subtracts a `value` to the atomic integer and returns the
      ## original value.

    proc fetchAnd*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.importcpp: "#.fetch_and(@)".}
      ## Atomically replaces the atomic integer with it's bitwise AND
      ## with the specified `value` and returns the original value.

    proc fetchOr*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.importcpp: "#.fetch_or(@)".}
      ## Atomically replaces the atomic integer with it's bitwise OR
      ## with the specified `value` and returns the original value.

    proc fetchXor*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.importcpp: "#.fetch_xor(@)".}
      ## Atomically replaces the atomic integer with it's bitwise XOR
      ## with the specified `value` and returns the original value.

    # Flag operations

    proc testAndSet*(location: var AtomicFlag; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): bool {.importcpp: "#.test_and_set(@)".}
      ## Atomically sets the atomic flag to true and returns the original value.

    proc clear*(location: var AtomicFlag; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent) {.importcpp: "#.clear(@)".}
      ## Atomically sets the value of the atomic flag to false.

    proc fence*(order: MemoryOrder) {.importcpp: "std::atomic_thread_fence(@)".}
      ## Ensures memory ordering without using atomic operations.

    proc signalFence*(order: MemoryOrder) {.importcpp: "std::atomic_signal_fence(@)".}
      ## Prevents reordering of accesses by the compiler as would fence, but
      ## inserts no CPU instructions for memory ordering.

    {.pop.}

  else:
    # For the C backend, atomics map to C11 built-ins on GCC and Clang for
    # trivial Nim types. Other types are implemented using spin locks.
    # This could be overcome by supporting advanced importc-patterns.

    # Since MSVC does not implement C11, we fall back to MS intrinsics
    # where available.

    type
      Trivial = SomeNumber | bool | ptr | pointer
        # A type that is known to be atomic and whose size is known at
        # compile time to be 8 bytes or less

    template nonAtomicType*(T: typedesc[Trivial]): untyped =
      # Maps types to integers of the same size
      when sizeof(T) == 1: int8
      elif sizeof(T) == 2: int16
      elif sizeof(T) == 4: int32
      elif sizeof(T) == 8: int64

    when defined(vcc):

      # TODO: Trivial types should be volatile and use VC's special volatile
      # semantics for store and loads.

      type
        MemoryOrder* = enum
          moRelaxed
          moConsume
          moAcquire
          moRelease
          moAcquireRelease
          moSequentiallyConsistent

        Atomic*[T] = object
          when T is Trivial:
            value: T.nonAtomicType
          else:
            nonAtomicValue: T
            guard: AtomicFlag

        AtomicFlag* = distinct int8

      {.push header: "<intrin.h>".}

      # MSVC intrinsics
      proc interlockedExchange(location: pointer; desired: int8): int8 {.importc: "_InterlockedExchange8".}
      proc interlockedExchange(location: pointer; desired: int16): int16 {.importc: "_InterlockedExchange".}
      proc interlockedExchange(location: pointer; desired: int32): int32 {.importc: "_InterlockedExchange16".}
      proc interlockedExchange(location: pointer; desired: int64): int64 {.importc: "_InterlockedExchange64".}

      proc interlockedCompareExchange(location: pointer; desired, expected: int8): int8 {.importc: "_InterlockedCompareExchange8".}
      proc interlockedCompareExchange(location: pointer; desired, expected: int16): int16 {.importc: "_InterlockedCompareExchange16".}
      proc interlockedCompareExchange(location: pointer; desired, expected: int32): int32 {.importc: "_InterlockedCompareExchange".}
      proc interlockedCompareExchange(location: pointer; desired, expected: int64): int64 {.importc: "_InterlockedCompareExchange64".}

      proc interlockedAnd(location: pointer; value: int8): int8 {.importc: "_InterlockedAnd8".}
      proc interlockedAnd(location: pointer; value: int16): int16 {.importc: "_InterlockedAnd16".}
      proc interlockedAnd(location: pointer; value: int32): int32 {.importc: "_InterlockedAnd".}
      proc interlockedAnd(location: pointer; value: int64): int64 {.importc: "_InterlockedAnd64".}

      proc interlockedOr(location: pointer; value: int8): int8 {.importc: "_InterlockedOr8".}
      proc interlockedOr(location: pointer; value: int16): int16 {.importc: "_InterlockedOr16".}
      proc interlockedOr(location: pointer; value: int32): int32 {.importc: "_InterlockedOr".}
      proc interlockedOr(location: pointer; value: int64): int64 {.importc: "_InterlockedOr64".}

      proc interlockedXor(location: pointer; value: int8): int8 {.importc: "_InterlockedXor8".}
      proc interlockedXor(location: pointer; value: int16): int16 {.importc: "_InterlockedXor16".}
      proc interlockedXor(location: pointer; value: int32): int32 {.importc: "_InterlockedXor".}
      proc interlockedXor(location: pointer; value: int64): int64 {.importc: "_InterlockedXor64".}

      proc fence(order: MemoryOrder): int64 {.importc: "_ReadWriteBarrier()".}
      proc signalFence(order: MemoryOrder): int64 {.importc: "_ReadWriteBarrier()".}

      {.pop.}

      proc testAndSet*(location: var AtomicFlag; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): bool =
        interlockedOr(addr(location), 1'i8) == 1'i8
      proc clear*(location: var AtomicFlag; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent) =
        discard interlockedAnd(addr(location), 0'i8)

      proc load*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        cast[T](interlockedOr(addr(location.value), (nonAtomicType(T))0))
      proc store*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent) {.inline.} =
        discard interlockedExchange(addr(location.value), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](desired))

      proc exchange*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        cast[T](interlockedExchange(addr(location.value), cast[int64](desired)))
      proc compareExchange*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; success, failure: MemoryOrder): bool {.inline.} =
        cast[T](interlockedCompareExchange(addr(location.value), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](desired), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](expected))) == expected
      proc compareExchange*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): bool {.inline.} =
        compareExchange(location, expected, desired, order, order)
      proc compareExchangeWeak*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; success, failure: MemoryOrder): bool {.inline.} =
        compareExchange(location, expected, desired, success, failure)
      proc compareExchangeWeak*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): bool {.inline.} =
        compareExchangeWeak(location, expected, desired, order, order)

      proc fetchAdd*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        var currentValue = location.load()
        while not compareExchangeWeak(location, currentValue, currentValue + value): discard
      proc fetchSub*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        fetchAdd(location, -value, order)
      proc fetchAnd*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        cast[T](interlockedAnd(addr(location.value), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](value)))
      proc fetchOr*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        cast[T](interlockedOr(addr(location.value), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](value)))
      proc fetchXor*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        cast[T](interlockedXor(addr(location.value), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](value)))

    else:
      {.push, header: "<stdatomic.h>".}

      type
        MemoryOrder* {.importc: "memory_order".} = enum
          moRelaxed
          moConsume
          moAcquire
          moRelease
          moAcquireRelease
          moSequentiallyConsistent

      type
        # Atomic* {.importcpp: "_Atomic('0)".} [T] = object

        AtomicInt8 {.importc: "_Atomic NI8".} = object
        AtomicInt16 {.importc: "_Atomic NI16".} = object
        AtomicInt32 {.importc: "_Atomic NI32".} = object
        AtomicInt64 {.importc: "_Atomic NI64".} = object

      template atomicType*(T: typedesc[Trivial]): untyped =
        # Maps the size of a trivial type to it's internal atomic type
        when sizeof(T) == 1: AtomicInt8
        elif sizeof(T) == 2: AtomicInt16
        elif sizeof(T) == 4: AtomicInt32
        elif sizeof(T) == 8: AtomicInt64

      type
        AtomicFlag* {.importc: "atomic_flag".} = object

        Atomic*[T] = object
          when T is Trivial:
            value: T.atomicType
          else:
            nonAtomicValue: T
            guard: AtomicFlag

      #proc init*[T](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T): T {.importcpp: "atomic_init(@)".}
      proc atomic_load_explicit[T, A](location: ptr A; order: MemoryOrder): T {.importc.}
      proc atomic_store_explicit[T, A](location: ptr A; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent) {.importc.}
      proc atomic_exchange_explicit[T, A](location: ptr A; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.importc.}
      proc atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit[T, A](location: ptr A; expected: ptr T; desired: T; success, failure: MemoryOrder): bool {.importc.}
      proc atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit[T, A](location: ptr A; expected: ptr T; desired: T; success, failure: MemoryOrder): bool {.importc.}

      # Numerical operations
      proc atomic_fetch_add_explicit[T, A](location: ptr A; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.importc.}
      proc atomic_fetch_sub_explicit[T, A](location: ptr A; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.importc.}
      proc atomic_fetch_and_explicit[T, A](location: ptr A; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.importc.}
      proc atomic_fetch_or_explicit[T, A](location: ptr A; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.importc.}
      proc atomic_fetch_xor_explicit[T, A](location: ptr A; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.importc.}

      # Flag operations
      # var ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT {.importc, nodecl.}: AtomicFlag
      # proc init*(location: var AtomicFlag) {.inline.} = location = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT
      proc testAndSet*(location: var AtomicFlag; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): bool {.importc: "atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit".}
      proc clear*(location: var AtomicFlag; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent) {.importc: "atomic_flag_clear_explicit".}

      proc fence*(order: MemoryOrder) {.importc: "atomic_thread_fence".}
      proc signalFence*(order: MemoryOrder) {.importc: "atomic_signal_fence".}

      {.pop.}

      proc load*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        cast[T](atomic_load_explicit[nonAtomicType(T), type(location.value)](addr(location.value), order))
      proc store*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent) {.inline.} =
        atomic_store_explicit(addr(location.value), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](desired), order)
      proc exchange*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        cast[T](atomic_exchange_explicit(addr(location.value), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](desired), order))
      proc compareExchange*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; success, failure: MemoryOrder): bool {.inline.} =
        atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(addr(location.value), cast[ptr nonAtomicType(T)](addr(expected)), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](desired), success, failure)
      proc compareExchange*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): bool {.inline.} =
        compareExchange(location, expected, desired, order, order)

      proc compareExchangeWeak*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; success, failure: MemoryOrder): bool {.inline.} =
        atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(addr(location.value), cast[ptr nonAtomicType(T)](addr(expected)), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](desired), success, failure)
      proc compareExchangeWeak*[T: Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): bool {.inline.} =
        compareExchangeWeak(location, expected, desired, order, order)

      # Numerical operations
      proc fetchAdd*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        cast[T](atomic_fetch_add_explicit(addr(location.value), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](value), order))
      proc fetchSub*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        cast[T](atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(addr(location.value), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](value), order))
      proc fetchAnd*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        cast[T](atomic_fetch_and_explicit(addr(location.value), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](value), order))
      proc fetchOr*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        cast[T](atomic_fetch_or_explicit(addr(location.value), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](value), order))
      proc fetchXor*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
        cast[T](atomic_fetch_xor_explicit(addr(location.value), cast[nonAtomicType(T)](value), order))

    template withLock[T: not Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; order: MemoryOrder; body: untyped): untyped =
      while location.guard.testAndSet(moAcquire): discard
      body
      location.guard.clear(moRelease)

    proc load*[T: not Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
      withLock(location, order):
        result = location.nonAtomicValue

    proc store*[T: not Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent) {.inline.} =
      withLock(location, order):
        location.nonAtomicValue = desired

    proc exchange*[T: not Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): T {.inline.} =
      withLock(location, order):
        result = location.nonAtomicValue
        location.nonAtomicValue = desired

    proc compareExchange*[T: not Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; success, failure: MemoryOrder): bool {.inline.} =
      withLock(location, success):
        if location.nonAtomicValue != expected:
          return false
        swap(location.nonAtomicValue, expected)
        return true

    proc compareExchangeWeak*[T: not Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; success, failure: MemoryOrder): bool {.inline.} =
      withLock(location, success):
        if location.nonAtomicValue != expected:
          return false
        swap(location.nonAtomicValue, expected)
        return true

    proc compareExchange*[T: not Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): bool {.inline.} =
      compareExchange(location, expected, desired, order, order)

    proc compareExchangeWeak*[T: not Trivial](location: var Atomic[T]; expected: var T; desired: T; order: MemoryOrder = moSequentiallyConsistent): bool {.inline.} =
      compareExchangeWeak(location, expected, desired, order, order)

  proc atomicInc*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T = 1) {.inline.} =
    ## Atomically increments the atomic integer by some `value`.
    discard location.fetchAdd(value)

  proc atomicDec*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T = 1) {.inline.} =
    ## Atomically decrements the atomic integer by some `value`.
    discard location.fetchSub(value)

  proc `+=`*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T) {.inline.} =
    ## Atomically increments the atomic integer by some `value`.
    discard location.fetchAdd(value)

  proc `-=`*[T: SomeInteger](location: var Atomic[T]; value: T) {.inline.} =
    ## Atomically decrements the atomic integer by some `value`.
    discard location.fetchSub(value)