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Simple connection
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Simple connection
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Before you start
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A simple ping application
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Create a custom protocol
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Protobuf
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GossipSub
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Discovery Manager
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Game
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Reference
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A simple ping application
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< h1 id = "simple-ping-tutorial" > Simple ping tutorial< / h1 >
< p > Hi all, welcome to the first nim-libp2p tutorial!< / p >
< div class = "admonition tips" >
< p > This tutorial is for everyone who is interested in building peer-to-peer applications. No Nim programming experience is needed.< / p >
< / div >
< p > To give you a quick overview, < strong > Nim< / strong > is the programming language we are using and < strong > nim-libp2p< / strong > is the Nim implementation of < a href = "https://libp2p.io/" > libp2p< / a > , a modular library that enables the development of peer-to-peer network applications.< / p >
< p > Hope you'll find it helpful in your journey of learning. Happy coding! ;)< / p >
< h2 id = "before-you-start" > Before you start< / h2 >
< p > The only prerequisite here is < a href = "https://nim-lang.org/" > Nim< / a > , the programming language with a Python-like syntax and a performance similar to C. Detailed information can be found < a href = "https://nim-lang.org/docs/tut1.html" > here< / a > .< / p >
< p > Install Nim via their < a href = "https://nim-lang.org/install.html" > official website< / a > .
Check Nim's installation via < code > nim --version< / code > and its package manager Nimble via < code > nimble --version< / code > .< / p >
< p > You can now install the latest version of < code > nim-libp2p< / code > :
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-0-1" name = "__codelineno-0-1" href = "#__codelineno-0-1" > < / a > nimble< span class = "w" > < / span > install< span class = "w" > < / span > libp2p@#master
< / code > < / pre > < / div > < / p >
< h2 id = "a-simple-ping-application" > A simple ping application< / h2 >
< p > We'll start by creating a simple application, which is starting two libp2p < a href = "https://docs.libp2p.io/concepts/stream-multiplexing/#switch-swarm" > switch< / a > , and pinging each other using the < a href = "https://docs.libp2p.io/concepts/protocols/#ping" > Ping< / a > protocol.< / p >
< div class = "admonition tips" >
< p > You can find the source of this tutorial (and other tutorials) in the < a href = "https://github.com/status-im/nim-libp2p/tree/master/examples" > libp2p/examples< / a > folder!< / p >
< / div >
< p > Let's create a < code > part1.nim< / code > , and import our dependencies:
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-1-1" name = "__codelineno-1-1" href = "#__codelineno-1-1" > < / a > < span class = "kn" > import< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > chronos< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-2" name = "__codelineno-1-2" href = "#__codelineno-1-2" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-3" name = "__codelineno-1-3" href = "#__codelineno-1-3" > < / a > < span class = "kn" > import< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > libp2p< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-4" name = "__codelineno-1-4" href = "#__codelineno-1-4" > < / a > < span class = "kn" > import< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > libp2p< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > protocols< / span > < span class = "o" > /< / span > < span class = "n" > ping< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< a href = "https://github.com/status-im/nim-chronos" > chronos< / a > the asynchronous framework used by < code > nim-libp2p< / code > < / p >
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< p > Next, we'll create a helper procedure to create our switches. A switch needs a bit of configuration, and it will be easier to do this configuration only once:
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-2-1" name = "__codelineno-2-1" href = "#__codelineno-2-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > proc< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > createSwitch< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ma< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > MultiAddress< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > rng< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > ref< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HmacDrbgContext< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Switch< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-2" name = "__codelineno-2-2" href = "#__codelineno-2-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > switch< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > SwitchBuilder< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-3" name = "__codelineno-2-3" href = "#__codelineno-2-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-4" name = "__codelineno-2-4" href = "#__codelineno-2-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > withRng< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > rng< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-5" name = "__codelineno-2-5" href = "#__codelineno-2-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c" > # Give the application RNG< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-6" name = "__codelineno-2-6" href = "#__codelineno-2-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > withAddress< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > ma< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-7" name = "__codelineno-2-7" href = "#__codelineno-2-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c" > # Our local address(es)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-8" name = "__codelineno-2-8" href = "#__codelineno-2-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > withTcpTransport< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-9" name = "__codelineno-2-9" href = "#__codelineno-2-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c" > # Use TCP as transport< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-10" name = "__codelineno-2-10" href = "#__codelineno-2-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > withMplex< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-11" name = "__codelineno-2-11" href = "#__codelineno-2-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c" > # Use Mplex as muxer< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-12" name = "__codelineno-2-12" href = "#__codelineno-2-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > withNoise< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-13" name = "__codelineno-2-13" href = "#__codelineno-2-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c" > # Use Noise as secure manager< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-14" name = "__codelineno-2-14" href = "#__codelineno-2-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > build< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-15" name = "__codelineno-2-15" href = "#__codelineno-2-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-16" name = "__codelineno-2-16" href = "#__codelineno-2-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > switch< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
This will create a switch using < a href = "https://docs.libp2p.io/concepts/stream-multiplexing/" > Mplex< / a > as a multiplexer, Noise to secure the communication, and TCP as an underlying transport.< / p >
< p > You can of course tweak this, to use a different or multiple transport, or tweak the configuration of Mplex and Noise, but this is some sane defaults that we'll use going forward.< / p >
< p > Let's now start to create our main procedure:
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-3-1" name = "__codelineno-3-1" href = "#__codelineno-3-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > proc< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > main< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sx" > {.async.}< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-2" name = "__codelineno-3-2" href = "#__codelineno-3-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > let< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-3" name = "__codelineno-3-3" href = "#__codelineno-3-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > rng< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > newRng< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-4" name = "__codelineno-3-4" href = "#__codelineno-3-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > localAddress< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > MultiAddress< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > init< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " /ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/0" < / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "n" > tryGet< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-5" name = "__codelineno-3-5" href = "#__codelineno-3-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pingProtocol< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Ping< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > rng< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > rng< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
We created some variables that we'll need for the rest of the application: the global < code > rng< / code > instance, our < code > localAddress< / code > , and an instance of the < code > Ping< / code > protocol.
The address is in the < a href = "https://github.com/multiformats/multiaddr" > MultiAddress< / a > format. The port < code > 0< / code > means "take any port available".< / p >
< p > < code > tryGet< / code > is procedure which is part of < a href = "https://github.com/arnetheduck/nim-result/" > nim-result< / a > , that will throw an exception if the supplied MultiAddress is invalid.< / p >
< p > We can now create our two switches:
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-4-1" name = "__codelineno-4-1" href = "#__codelineno-4-1" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > let< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-2" name = "__codelineno-4-2" href = "#__codelineno-4-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > switch1< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > createSwitch< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > localAddress< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > rng< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-3" name = "__codelineno-4-3" href = "#__codelineno-4-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > switch2< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > createSwitch< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > localAddress< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > rng< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-4" name = "__codelineno-4-4" href = "#__codelineno-4-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-5" name = "__codelineno-4-5" href = "#__codelineno-4-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > switch1< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > mount< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pingProtocol< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-6" name = "__codelineno-4-6" href = "#__codelineno-4-6" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-7" name = "__codelineno-4-7" href = "#__codelineno-4-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > switch1< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > start< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-8" name = "__codelineno-4-8" href = "#__codelineno-4-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > switch2< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > start< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
We've < strong > mounted< / strong > the < code > pingProtocol< / code > on our first switch. This means that the first switch will actually listen for any ping requests coming in, and handle them accordingly.< / p >
< p > Now that we've started the nodes, they are listening for incoming peers.
We can find out which port was attributed, and the resulting local addresses, by using < code > switch1.peerInfo.addrs< / code > .< / p >
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< p > We'll < strong > dial< / strong > the first switch from the second one, by specifying its < strong > Peer ID< / strong > , its < strong > MultiAddress< / strong > and the < strong > < code > Ping< / code > protocol codec< / strong > :
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-5-1" name = "__codelineno-5-1" href = "#__codelineno-5-1" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > conn< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-2" name = "__codelineno-5-2" href = "#__codelineno-5-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > switch2< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > dial< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > switch1< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > peerInfo< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > peerId< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > switch1< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > peerInfo< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > addrs< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > PingCodec< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
We now have a < code > Ping< / code > connection setup between the second and the first switch, we can use it to actually ping the node:
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-6-1" name = "__codelineno-6-1" href = "#__codelineno-6-1" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c" > # ping the other node and echo the ping duration< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-2" name = "__codelineno-6-2" href = "#__codelineno-6-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > echo< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " ping: " < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > pingProtocol< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > ping< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > conn< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-3" name = "__codelineno-6-3" href = "#__codelineno-6-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-4" name = "__codelineno-6-4" href = "#__codelineno-6-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c" > # We must close the connection ourselves when we' re done with it< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-5" name = "__codelineno-6-5" href = "#__codelineno-6-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > conn< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > close< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
And that's it! Just a little bit of cleanup: shutting down the switches, waiting for them to stop, and we'll call our < code > main< / code > procedure:
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-7-1" name = "__codelineno-7-1" href = "#__codelineno-7-1" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > await< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > allFutures< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > switch1< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stop< / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > switch2< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stop< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-2" name = "__codelineno-7-2" href = "#__codelineno-7-2" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c" > # close connections and shutdown all transports< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-3" name = "__codelineno-7-3" href = "#__codelineno-7-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-4" name = "__codelineno-7-4" href = "#__codelineno-7-4" > < / a > < span class = "n" > waitFor< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > main< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
You can now run this program using < code > nim c -r part1.nim< / code > , and you should see the dialing sequence, ending with a ping output.< / p >
< p > In the < a href = "../tutorial_2_customproto/" > next tutorial< / a > , we'll look at how to create our own custom protocol.< / p >
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