# nim-eth # Copyright (c) 2019-2023 Status Research & Development GmbH # Licensed and distributed under either of # * MIT license (license terms in the root directory or at https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT). # * Apache v2 license (license terms in the root directory or at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0). # at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms. ## Implementation of KvStore based on sqlite3 {.push raises: [].} {.pragma: callback, gcsafe, raises: [].} import std/[os, options, strformat, typetraits], sqlite3_abi, ./kvstore export kvstore, typetraits type RawStmtPtr = ptr sqlite3_stmt AutoDisposed[T: ptr|ref] = object val: T # TODO: These should become AutoDisposed # This is currently considered risky due to the destructor # problem found in FastStreams (triggered when objects in # the GC heap have destructors) Sqlite* = ptr sqlite3 SqliteStmt*[Params; Result] = distinct RawStmtPtr NoParams* = tuple # this is the empty tuple ResultHandler*[T] = proc(val: T) {.callback.} SqStoreRef* = ref object # Handle for a single database - from here, keyspaces and statements # can be created env: Sqlite managedStmts: seq[RawStmtPtr] readOnly*: bool SqStoreCheckpointKind* {.pure.} = enum passive, full, restart, truncate SqKeyspace* = object of RootObj # A Keyspace is a single key-value table - it is generally efficient to # create separate keyspaces for each type of data stored open: bool env: Sqlite getStmt, putStmt, delStmt, clearStmt, containsStmt, findStmt0, findStmt1, findStmt2: RawStmtPtr SqKeyspaceRef* = ref SqKeyspace template dispose(db: Sqlite) = discard sqlite3_close(db) template dispose(db: RawStmtPtr) = discard sqlite3_finalize(db) template dispose*(s: SqliteStmt) = if RawStmtPtr(s) != nil: discard sqlite3_finalize(RawStmtPtr s) template env(s: RawStmtPtr): Sqlite = sqlite3_db_handle(s) func isInsideTransaction*(db: SqStoreRef): bool = sqlite3_get_autocommit(db.env) == 0 proc release[T](x: var AutoDisposed[T]): T = result = x.val x.val = nil proc disposeIfUnreleased[T](x: var AutoDisposed[T]) = mixin dispose if x.val != nil: dispose(x.release) func toErrorString(env: ptr sqlite3, v: cint): string = var err = $sqlite3_errstr(v) if v in [SQLITE_CANTOPEN, SQLITE_IOERR] and not isNil(env): let errno = sqlite3_system_errno(env) if errno != 0: err &= ": " & osErrorMsg(OSErrorCode(errno)) err template checkErr(env: ptr sqlite3, op, cleanup: untyped) = if (let v = (op); v != SQLITE_OK): cleanup return err(toErrorString(env, v)) template checkErr(env: ptr sqlite3, op: untyped) = checkErr(env, op): discard proc prepareStmt*(db: SqStoreRef, stmt: string, Params: type, Res: type, managed = true): KvResult[SqliteStmt[Params, Res]] = mixin env var s: RawStmtPtr checkErr db.env, sqlite3_prepare_v2(db.env, stmt, stmt.len.cint, addr s, nil) if managed: db.managedStmts.add s ok SqliteStmt[Params, Res](s) proc bindParam(s: RawStmtPtr, n: int, val: auto): cint = when val is openArray[byte]|seq[byte]: if val.len > 0: sqlite3_bind_blob(s, n.cint, unsafeAddr val[0], val.len.cint, nil) else: sqlite3_bind_blob(s, n.cint, nil, 0.cint, nil) elif val is array: when val.items.typeof is byte: # Prior to Nim 1.4 and view types array[N, byte] in tuples # don't match with openArray[byte] if val.len > 0: sqlite3_bind_blob(s, n.cint, unsafeAddr val[0], val.len.cint, nil) else: sqlite3_bind_blob(s, n.cint, nil, 0.cint, nil) else: {.fatal: "Please add support for the '" & $typeof(val) & "' type".} elif val is SomeInteger: sqlite3_bind_int64(s, n.cint, val.clong) elif val is Option: if val.isNone(): sqlite3_bind_null(s, n.cint) else: bindParam(s, n, val.get()) else: {.fatal: "Please add support for the '" & $typeof(val) & "' type".} template bindParams(s: RawStmtPtr, params: auto) = mixin env when params is tuple: when params.type.arity > 0: var i = 1 for param in fields(params): checkErr s.env, bindParam(s, i, param) inc i else: checkErr s.env, bindParam(s, 1, params) proc exec*[P](s: SqliteStmt[P, void], params: P): KvResult[void] = mixin env let s = RawStmtPtr s bindParams(s, params) let res = if (let v = sqlite3_step(s); v != SQLITE_DONE): err(toErrorString(s.env, v)) else: ok() # release implicit transaction discard sqlite3_reset(s) # same return information as step discard sqlite3_clear_bindings(s) # no errors possible res template readSimpleResult(s: RawStmtPtr, column: cint, T: type): auto = when T is int64: sqlite3_column_int64(s, column) elif T is SomeInteger: # sqlite integers are "up to" 8 bytes in size, so rather than silently # truncate them, we support only 64-bit integers when reading and let the # calling code deal with it - careful though, anything that is not an # integer (ie TEXT) is returned as 0 {.fatal: "Use int64 for reading integers".} elif T is openArray[byte]: let p = cast[ptr UncheckedArray[byte]](sqlite3_column_blob(s, column)) l = sqlite3_column_bytes(s, column) toOpenArray(p, 0, l-1) elif T is seq[byte]: var res: seq[byte] let len = sqlite3_column_bytes(s, column) if len > 0: res.setLen(len) copyMem(addr res[0], sqlite3_column_blob(s, column), len) res elif T is array: # array[N, byte]. "genericParams(T)[1]" requires 1.4 to handle nnkTypeOfExpr when typeof(default(T)[0]) is byte: var res: T let colLen = sqlite3_column_bytes(s, column) # truncate if the type is too small # TODO: warning/error? We assume that users always properly dimension buffers let copyLen = min(colLen, res.len) if copyLen > 0: copyMem(addr res[0], sqlite3_column_blob(s, column), copyLen) res else: {.fatal: "Please add support for the '" & $(T) & "' type".} else: {.fatal: "Please add support for the '" & $(T) & "' type".} template readResult(s: RawStmtPtr, column: cint, T: type): auto = when T is Option: if sqlite3_column_type(s, column) == SQLITE_NULL: none(typeof(default(T).get())) else: some(readSimpleResult(s, column, typeof(default(T).get()))) else: readSimpleResult(s, column, T) template readResult(s: RawStmtPtr, T: type): auto = when T is tuple: var res: T var i = cint 0 for field in fields(res): field = readResult(s, i, typeof(field)) inc i res else: readResult(s, 0.cint, T) proc exec*[Params, Res](s: SqliteStmt[Params, Res], params: Params, onData: ResultHandler[Res]): KvResult[bool] = let s = RawStmtPtr s bindParams(s, params) try: var gotResults = false while true: let v = sqlite3_step(s) case v of SQLITE_ROW: if onData != nil: onData(readResult(s, Res)) gotResults = true of SQLITE_DONE: break else: return err(toErrorString(s.env, v)) return ok gotResults finally: # release implicit transaction discard sqlite3_reset(s) # same return information as step discard sqlite3_clear_bindings(s) # no errors possible iterator exec*[Params, Res](s: SqliteStmt[Params, Res], params: Params, item: var Res): KvResult[void] = let s = RawStmtPtr s # we use a mutable `res` variable here to avoid the code bloat that multiple # `yield` statements cause when inlining the loop body var res = KvResult[void].ok() when params is tuple: var i = 1 for param in fields(params): if (let v = bindParam(s, i, param); v != SQLITE_OK): res = KvResult[void].err(toErrorString(s.env, v)) break inc i else: if (let v = bindParam(s, 1, params); v != SQLITE_OK): res = KvResult[void].err(toErrorString(s.env, v)) defer: # release implicit transaction discard sqlite3_reset(s) # same return information as step discard sqlite3_clear_bindings(s) # no errors possible while res.isOk(): let v = sqlite3_step(s) case v of SQLITE_ROW: item = readResult(s, Res) yield KvResult[void].ok() of SQLITE_DONE: break else: res = KvResult[void].err(toErrorString(s.env, v)) if not res.isOk(): yield res iterator exec*[Res](s: SqliteStmt[NoParams, Res], item: var Res): KvResult[void] = for r in exec(s, (), item): yield r template exec*(s: SqliteStmt[NoParams, void]): KvResult[void] = exec(s, ()) template exec*[Res](s: SqliteStmt[NoParams, Res], onData: ResultHandler[Res]): KvResult[bool] = exec(s, (), onData) proc exec*[Params: tuple](db: SqStoreRef, stmt: string, params: Params): KvResult[void] = let stmt = ? db.prepareStmt(stmt, Params, void, managed = false) result = exec(stmt, params) let finalizeStatus = sqlite3_finalize(RawStmtPtr stmt) if finalizeStatus != SQLITE_OK and result.isOk: return err(toErrorString(db.env, finalizeStatus)) proc exec*[Params: tuple, Res](db: SqStoreRef, stmt: string, params: Params, onData: ResultHandler[Res]): KvResult[bool] = let stmt = ? db.prepareStmt(stmt, Params, Res, managed = false) result = exec(stmt, params, onData) let finalizeStatus = sqlite3_finalize(RawStmtPtr stmt) if finalizeStatus != SQLITE_OK and result.isOk: return err(toErrorString(db.env, finalizeStatus)) template exec*(db: SqStoreRef, stmt: string): KvResult[void] = exec(db, stmt, ()) proc get*(db: SqKeyspaceRef, key: openArray[byte], onData: DataProc): KvResult[bool] = if not db.open: return err("sqlite: database closed") let getStmt = db.getStmt if getStmt == nil: return ok(false) # no such table checkErr db.env, bindParam(getStmt, 1, key) let v = sqlite3_step(getStmt) res = case v of SQLITE_ROW: let p = cast[ptr UncheckedArray[byte]](sqlite3_column_blob(getStmt, 0)) l = sqlite3_column_bytes(getStmt, 0) onData(toOpenArray(p, 0, l-1)) ok(true) of SQLITE_DONE: ok(false) else: err(toErrorString(db.env, v)) # release implicit transaction discard sqlite3_reset(getStmt) # same return information as step discard sqlite3_clear_bindings(getStmt) # no errors possible res func nextPrefix(prefix: openArray[byte], next: var seq[byte]): bool = # Return a seq that is greater than all strings starting with `prefix` when # doing a lexicographical compare - we're looking for the string that # increments the last byte by 1, removing any bytes from the back that # cannot be incremented (0xff) for i in 0..= comparison if db.findStmt1 == nil: return ok(0) # no such table checkErr db.env, bindParam(db.findStmt1, 1, prefix) db.findStmt1 else: if db.findStmt2 == nil: return ok(0) # no such table checkErr db.env, bindParam(db.findStmt2, 1, prefix) checkErr db.env, bindParam(db.findStmt2, 2, next) db.findStmt2 var total = 0 while true: let v = sqlite3_step(findStmt) case v of SQLITE_ROW: let kp = cast[ptr UncheckedArray[byte]](sqlite3_column_blob(findStmt, 0)) kl = sqlite3_column_bytes(findStmt, 0) vp = cast[ptr UncheckedArray[byte]](sqlite3_column_blob(findStmt, 1)) vl = sqlite3_column_bytes(findStmt, 1) if onFind != nil: onFind(kp.toOpenArray(0, kl - 1), vp.toOpenArray(0, vl - 1)) total += 1 of SQLITE_DONE: break else: # release implicit transaction (could use a defer, but it's slow) discard sqlite3_reset(findStmt) # same return information as step discard sqlite3_clear_bindings(findStmt) # no errors possible return err(toErrorString(db.env, v)) # release implicit transaction discard sqlite3_reset(findStmt) # same return information as step discard sqlite3_clear_bindings(findStmt) # no errors possible ok(total) proc put*(db: SqKeyspaceRef, key, value: openArray[byte]): KvResult[void] = if not db.open: return err("sqlite: database closed") let putStmt = db.putStmt if putStmt == nil: return err("sqlite: cannot write to read-only database") checkErr db.env, bindParam(putStmt, 1, key) checkErr db.env, bindParam(putStmt, 2, value) let res = if (let v = sqlite3_step(putStmt); v != SQLITE_DONE): err(toErrorString(db.env, v)) else: ok() # release implict transaction discard sqlite3_reset(putStmt) # same return information as step discard sqlite3_clear_bindings(putStmt) # no errors possible res proc contains*(db: SqKeyspaceRef, key: openArray[byte]): KvResult[bool] = if not db.open: return err("sqlite: database closed") let containsStmt = db.containsStmt if containsStmt == nil: return ok(false) # no such table checkErr db.env, bindParam(containsStmt, 1, key) let v = sqlite3_step(containsStmt) res = case v of SQLITE_ROW: ok(true) of SQLITE_DONE: ok(false) else: err(toErrorString(db.env, v)) # release implicit transaction discard sqlite3_reset(containsStmt) # same return information as step discard sqlite3_clear_bindings(containsStmt) # no errors possible res proc del*(db: SqKeyspaceRef, key: openArray[byte]): KvResult[bool] = if not db.open: return err("sqlite: database closed") let delStmt = db.delStmt if delStmt == nil: return ok(false) # no such table checkErr db.env, bindParam(delStmt, 1, key) let res = if (let v = sqlite3_step(delStmt); v != SQLITE_DONE): err(toErrorString(db.env, v)) else: ok(sqlite3_changes(db.env) > 0) # release implict transaction discard sqlite3_reset(delStmt) # same return information as step discard sqlite3_clear_bindings(delStmt) # no errors possible res proc clear*(db: SqKeyspaceRef): KvResult[bool] = if not db.open: return err("sqlite: database closed") let clearStmt = db.clearStmt if clearStmt == nil: return ok(false) # no such table let res = if (let v = sqlite3_step(clearStmt); v != SQLITE_DONE): err(toErrorString(db.env, v)) else: ok(sqlite3_changes(db.env) > 0) # release implicit transaction discard sqlite3_reset(clearStmt) # same return information as step res proc close*(db: var SqKeyspace) = # Calling with null stmt is harmless discard sqlite3_finalize(db.putStmt) discard sqlite3_finalize(db.getStmt) discard sqlite3_finalize(db.delStmt) discard sqlite3_finalize(db.clearStmt) discard sqlite3_finalize(db.containsStmt) discard sqlite3_finalize(db.findStmt0) discard sqlite3_finalize(db.findStmt1) discard sqlite3_finalize(db.findStmt2) db = SqKeyspace() proc close*(db: SqKeyspaceRef) = close(db[]) proc close*(db: SqStoreRef) = for stmt in db.managedStmts: discard sqlite3_finalize(stmt) # Lazy-v2-close allows closing the keyspaces in any order discard sqlite3_close_v2(db.env) db[] = SqStoreRef()[] proc checkpoint*(db: SqStoreRef, kind = SqStoreCheckpointKind.passive) = let mode: cint = case kind of SqStoreCheckpointKind.passive: SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE of SqStoreCheckpointKind.full: SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL of SqStoreCheckpointKind.restart: SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART of SqStoreCheckpointKind.truncate: SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE discard sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(db.env, nil, mode, nil, nil) template prepare(env: ptr sqlite3, q: string): ptr sqlite3_stmt = block: var s: ptr sqlite3_stmt checkErr env, sqlite3_prepare_v2(env, cstring(q), q.len.cint, addr s, nil): discard s template prepare(env: ptr sqlite3, q: string, cleanup: untyped): ptr sqlite3_stmt = block: var s: ptr sqlite3_stmt checkErr env, sqlite3_prepare_v2(env, cstring(q), q.len.cint, addr s, nil) s template checkExec(env: ptr sqlite3, s: ptr sqlite3_stmt) = if (let x = sqlite3_step(s); x != SQLITE_DONE): discard sqlite3_finalize(s) return err(toErrorString(env, x)) if (let x = sqlite3_finalize(s); x != SQLITE_OK): return err(toErrorString(env, x)) template checkExec(env: ptr sqlite3, q: string) = block: let s = prepare(env, q): discard checkExec(env, s) proc isClosed*(db: SqStoreRef): bool = db.env != nil proc init*( T: type SqStoreRef, basePath: string, name: string, readOnly = false, inMemory = false, manualCheckpoint = false): KvResult[T] = var env: AutoDisposed[ptr sqlite3] defer: disposeIfUnreleased(env) let name = if inMemory: ":memory:" else: basePath / name & ".sqlite3" flags = # For some reason, opening multiple in-memory databases doesn't work if # one of them is read-only - for now, disable read-only mode for them if readOnly and not inMemory: SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY else: SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE or SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE if not inMemory: try: createDir(basePath) except OSError, IOError: return err("sqlite: cannot create database directory") checkErr env.val, sqlite3_open_v2(cstring name, addr env.val, flags.cint, nil) template checkWalPragmaResult( env: ptr sqlite3, journalModePragma: ptr sqlite3_stmt) = if (let x = sqlite3_step(journalModePragma); x != SQLITE_ROW): discard sqlite3_finalize(journalModePragma) return err(toErrorString(env, x)) if (let x = sqlite3_column_type(journalModePragma, 0); x != SQLITE3_TEXT): discard sqlite3_finalize(journalModePragma) return err(toErrorString(env, x)) if (let x = sqlite3_column_text(journalModePragma, 0); x != "memory" and x != "wal"): discard sqlite3_finalize(journalModePragma) return err("Invalid pragma result: " & $x) if not readOnly: # user_version = 1: single kvstore table without rowid # user_version = 2: single kvstore table with rowid # user_version = 3: multiple named kvstore tables via openKvStore checkExec env.val, "PRAGMA user_version = 3;" let journalModePragma = prepare(env.val, "PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL;") checkWalPragmaResult(env.val, journalModePragma) checkExec env.val, journalModePragma if manualCheckpoint: checkErr env.val, sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(env.val, 0) # In manual checkpointing mode, we relax synchronization to NORMAL - # this is safe in WAL mode leaving us with a consistent database at all # times, though potentially losing any data written between checkpoints. # http://www3.sqlite.org/wal.html#performance_considerations checkExec env.val, "PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL;" ok(SqStoreRef( env: env.release, readOnly: readOnly )) proc hasTable*(db: SqStoreRef, name: string): KvResult[bool] = let sql = "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='" & name & "';" db.exec(sql, (), proc(_: openArray[byte]) {.callback.} = discard) proc openKvStore*( db: SqStoreRef, name = "kvstore", withoutRowid = false, readOnly = false): KvResult[SqKeyspaceRef] = ## Open a new Key-Value store in the SQLite database ## ## withoutRowid: Create the table without rowid - this is more efficient when ## rows are small (<200 bytes) but very inefficient with larger ## rows (the row being the sum of key and value) - see ## https://www.sqlite.org/withoutrowid.html ## let hasTable = if db.readOnly or readOnly: ? db.hasTable(name) else: let createSql = """ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS '""" & name & """' ( key BLOB PRIMARY KEY, value BLOB )""" checkExec db.env, if withoutRowid: createSql & " WITHOUT ROWID;" else: createSql & ";" true var tmp = SqKeyspace(env: db.env) defer: # We'll "move" ownership to the return value, effectively disabling "close" close(tmp) tmp.open = true if hasTable: tmp.getStmt = prepare(db.env, "SELECT value FROM '" & name & "' WHERE key = ?;") tmp.putStmt = prepare(db.env, "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO '" & name & "'(key, value) VALUES (?, ?);") tmp.delStmt = prepare(db.env, "DELETE FROM '" & name & "' WHERE key = ?;") tmp.clearStmt = prepare(db.env, "DELETE FROM '" & name & "';") tmp.containsStmt = prepare(db.env, "SELECT 1 FROM '" & name & "' WHERE key = ?;") tmp.findStmt0 = prepare(db.env, "SELECT key, value FROM '" & name & "';") tmp.findStmt1 = prepare(db.env, "SELECT key, value FROM '" & name & "' WHERE key >= ?;") tmp.findStmt2 = prepare(db.env, "SELECT key, value FROM '" & name & "' WHERE key >= ? and key < ?;") var res = SqKeyspaceRef() res[] = tmp tmp = SqKeyspace() # make close harmless ok res type SqliteContext* = ptr sqlite3_context SqliteValue* = ptr ptr sqlite3_value SqliteCustomFunction* = proc (a1: SqliteContext; a2: cint; a3: SqliteValue) {.cdecl, callback.} proc createCustomFunction*( db: SqStoreRef, name: string, argc: int, customFunction: SqliteCustomFunction): KvResult[void] = ## Create custom function inside sqlite engine. Function can be used in ## queries by the provided name. Function should be side-effect free and ## depend only on provided arguments. ## Name of the function must be a valid utf8 string. # Using SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag to inform sqlite that provided function # will be deterministic, this may enable additional optimisations. let deterministicUtf8Func = cint(SQLITE_UTF8 or SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC) checkErr db.env, sqlite3_create_function( db.env, name, cint(argc), deterministicUtf8Func, nil, customFunction, nil, nil ) ok() when defined(metrics): import chronicles, metrics type Sqlite3Info = ref object of Collector proc newSqlite3Info*(name: string, help: string, registry = defaultRegistry): Sqlite3Info {.raises: [CatchableError].} = Sqlite3Info.newCollector(name, help, registry = registry) let sqlite3Info* = newSqlite3Info("sqlite3_info", "SQLite3 info") when declared(MetricHandler): # nim-metrics 0.1.0+ method collect*(collector: Sqlite3Info, output: MetricHandler) = let timestamp = collector.now() var currentMem, highwaterMem: int64 if (let res = sqlite3_status64(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, currentMem.addr, highwaterMem.addr, 0); res != SQLITE_OK): error "SQLite3 error", msg = sqlite3_errstr(res) else: output( name = "sqlite3_memory_used_bytes", value = currentMem.float64, timestamp = timestamp, ) else: # nim-metrics 0.0.1 import std/times method collect*(collector: Sqlite3Info): Metrics = result = initOrderedTable[Labels, seq[Metric]]() result[@[]] = @[] let timestamp = getTime().toMilliseconds() var currentMem, highwaterMem: int64 if (let res = sqlite3_status64(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, currentMem.addr, highwaterMem.addr, 0); res != SQLITE_OK): error "SQLite3 error", msg = sqlite3_errstr(res) else: result[@[]] = @[ Metric( name: "sqlite3_memory_used_bytes", value: currentMem.float64, timestamp: timestamp, ), ]