nim-codex/codex/node.nim

## Nim-Codex
## Copyright (c) 2021 Status Research & Development GmbH
## Licensed under either of
##  * Apache License, version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE))
##  * MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT))
## at your option.
## This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to
## those terms.

import std/options
import std/tables
import std/sequtils
import std/strformat
import std/sugar

import pkg/questionable
import pkg/questionable/results
import pkg/chronicles
import pkg/chronos

import pkg/libp2p/[switch, multicodec, multihash]
import pkg/libp2p/stream/bufferstream

# TODO: remove once exported by libp2p
import pkg/libp2p/routing_record
import pkg/libp2p/signed_envelope

import ./chunker
import ./blocktype as bt
import ./manifest
import ./merkletree
import ./stores/blockstore
import ./blockexchange
import ./streams
import ./erasure
import ./discovery
import ./contracts
import ./node/batch
import ./utils

export batch

logScope:
  topics = "codex node"

const
  FetchBatch = 200

type
  CodexError = object of CatchableError

  Contracts* = tuple
    client: ?ClientInteractions
    host: ?HostInteractions
    validator: ?ValidatorInteractions

  CodexNodeRef* = ref object
    switch*: Switch
    networkId*: PeerId
    blockStore*: BlockStore
    engine*: BlockExcEngine
    erasure*: Erasure
    discovery*: Discovery
    contracts*: Contracts

  OnManifest* = proc(cid: Cid, manifest: Manifest): void {.gcsafe, closure.}

proc findPeer*(
  node: CodexNodeRef,
  peerId: PeerId): Future[?PeerRecord] {.async.} =
  ## Find peer using the discovery service from the given CodexNode
  ##
  return await node.discovery.findPeer(peerId)

proc connect*(
  node: CodexNodeRef,
  peerId: PeerId,
  addrs: seq[MultiAddress]
): Future[void] =
  node.switch.connect(peerId, addrs)

proc fetchManifest*(
  node: CodexNodeRef,
  cid: Cid): Future[?!Manifest] {.async.} =
  ## Fetch and decode a manifest block
  ##

  if err =? cid.isManifest.errorOption:
    return failure "CID has invalid content type for manifest {$cid}"

  trace "Retrieving manifest for cid", cid

  without blk =? await node.blockStore.getBlock(BlockAddress.init(cid)), err:
    trace "Error retrieve manifest block", cid, err = err.msg
    return failure err

  trace "Decoding manifest for cid", cid

  without manifest =? Manifest.decode(blk), err:
    trace "Unable to decode as manifest", err = err.msg
    return failure("Unable to decode as manifest")

  trace "Decoded manifest", cid

  return manifest.success

proc fetchBatched*(
  node: CodexNodeRef,
  manifest: Manifest,
  batchSize = FetchBatch,
  onBatch: BatchProc = nil): Future[?!void] {.async, gcsafe.} =
  ## Fetch manifest in batches of `batchSize`
  ##
  
  let batchCount = divUp(manifest.blocksCount, batchSize)

  trace "Fetching blocks in batches of", size = batchSize

  let iter = Iter.fromSlice(0..<manifest.blocksCount)
    .map((i: int) => node.blockStore.getBlock(BlockAddress.init(manifest.treeCid, i)))

  for batchNum in 0..<batchCount:
    let blocks = collect:
      for i in 0..<batchSize:
        if not iter.finished:
          iter.next()

    try:
      await allFuturesThrowing(allFinished(blocks))
      if not onBatch.isNil:
        await onBatch(blocks.mapIt( it.read.get ))
    except CancelledError as exc:
      raise exc
    except CatchableError as exc:
      return failure(exc.msg)

  return success()

proc retrieve*(
  node: CodexNodeRef,
  cid: Cid): Future[?!LPStream] {.async.} =
  ## Retrieve by Cid a single block or an entire dataset described by manifest
  ##

  if manifest =? (await node.fetchManifest(cid)):
    trace "Retrieving blocks from manifest", cid
    if manifest.protected:
      # Retrieve, decode and save to the local store all EС groups
      proc erasureJob(): Future[void] {.async.} =
        try:
          # Spawn an erasure decoding job
          without res =? (await node.erasure.decode(manifest)), error:
            trace "Unable to erasure decode manifest", cid, exc = error.msg
        except CatchableError as exc:
          trace "Exception decoding manifest", cid, exc = exc.msg

      asyncSpawn erasureJob()

    # Retrieve all blocks of the dataset sequentially from the local store or network
    trace "Creating store stream for manifest", cid
    LPStream(StoreStream.new(node.blockStore, manifest, pad = false)).success
  else:
    let
      stream = BufferStream.new()

    without blk =? (await node.blockStore.getBlock(BlockAddress.init(cid))), err:
      return failure(err)

    proc streamOneBlock(): Future[void] {.async.} =
      try:
        await stream.pushData(blk.data)
      except CatchableError as exc:
        trace "Unable to send block", cid, exc = exc.msg
        discard
      finally:
        await stream.pushEof()

    asyncSpawn streamOneBlock()
    LPStream(stream).success()

proc store*(
  self: CodexNodeRef,
  stream: LPStream,
  blockSize = DefaultBlockSize): Future[?!Cid] {.async.} =
  ## Save stream contents as dataset with given blockSize
  ## to nodes's BlockStore, and return Cid of its manifest
  ##
  trace "Storing data"

  let
    hcodec = multiCodec("sha2-256")
    dataCodec = multiCodec("raw")
    chunker = LPStreamChunker.new(stream, chunkSize = blockSize)

  var cids: seq[Cid]

  try:
    while (
      let chunk = await chunker.getBytes();
      chunk.len > 0):

      trace "Got data from stream", len = chunk.len

      without mhash =? MultiHash.digest($hcodec, chunk).mapFailure, err:
        return failure(err)

      without cid =? Cid.init(CIDv1, dataCodec, mhash).mapFailure, err:
        return failure(err)

      without blk =? bt.Block.new(cid, chunk, verify = false):
        return failure("Unable to init block from chunk!")
      
      cids.add(cid)

      if err =? (await self.blockStore.putBlock(blk)).errorOption:
        trace "Unable to store block", cid = blk.cid, err = err.msg
        return failure(&"Unable to store block {blk.cid}")

  except CancelledError as exc:
    raise exc
  except CatchableError as exc:
    return failure(exc.msg)
  finally:
    await stream.close()

  without tree =? MerkleTree.init(cids), err:
    return failure(err)

  without treeCid =? tree.rootCid(CIDv1, dataCodec), err:
    return failure(err)
  
  for index, cid in cids:
    without proof =? tree.getProof(index), err:
      return failure(err)
    if err =? (await self.blockStore.putBlockCidAndProof(treeCid, index, cid, proof)).errorOption:
      # TODO add log here
      return failure(err)

  let manifest = Manifest.new(
    treeCid = treeCid,
    blockSize = blockSize,
    datasetSize = NBytes(chunker.offset),
    version = CIDv1,
    hcodec = hcodec,
    codec = dataCodec
  )
  # Generate manifest
  without data =? manifest.encode(), err:
    return failure(
      newException(CodexError, "Error encoding manifest: " & err.msg))

  # Store as a dag-pb block
  without manifestBlk =? bt.Block.new(data = data, codec = DagPBCodec):
    trace "Unable to init block from manifest data!"
    return failure("Unable to init block from manifest data!")

  if isErr (await self.blockStore.putBlock(manifestBlk)):
    trace "Unable to store manifest", cid = manifestBlk.cid
    return failure("Unable to store manifest " & $manifestBlk.cid)

  info "Stored data", manifestCid = manifestBlk.cid,
                      treeCid = treeCid,
                      blocks = manifest.blocksCount,
                      datasetSize = manifest.datasetSize

  # Announce manifest
  await self.discovery.provide(manifestBlk.cid)
  await self.discovery.provide(treeCid)

  return manifestBlk.cid.success

proc iterateManifests*(node: CodexNodeRef, onManifest: OnManifest) {.async.} =
  without cids =? await node.blockStore.listBlocks(BlockType.Manifest):
    warn "Failed to listBlocks"
    return

  for c in cids:
    if cid =? await c:
      without blk =? await node.blockStore.getBlock(cid):
        warn "Failed to get manifest block by cid", cid
        return

      without manifest =? Manifest.decode(blk):
        warn "Failed to decode manifest", cid
        return

      onManifest(cid, manifest)

proc requestStorage*(
  self: CodexNodeRef,
  cid: Cid,
  duration: UInt256,
  proofProbability: UInt256,
  nodes: uint,
  tolerance: uint,
  reward: UInt256,
  collateral: UInt256,
  expiry = UInt256.none): Future[?!PurchaseId] {.async.} =
  ## Initiate a request for storage sequence, this might
  ## be a multistep procedure.
  ##
  ## Roughly the flow is as follows:
  ## - Get the original cid from the store (should have already been uploaded)
  ## - Erasure code it according to the nodes and tolerance parameters
  ## - Run the PoR setup on the erasure dataset
  ## - Call into the marketplace and purchasing contracts
  ##
  trace "Received a request for storage!", cid, duration, nodes, tolerance, reward, proofProbability, collateral, expiry

  without contracts =? self.contracts.client:
    trace "Purchasing not available"
    return failure "Purchasing not available"

  without manifest =? await self.fetchManifest(cid), error:
    trace "Unable to fetch manifest for cid", cid
    raise error

  # Erasure code the dataset according to provided parameters
  without encoded =? (await self.erasure.encode(manifest, nodes.int, tolerance.int)), error:
    trace "Unable to erasure code dataset", cid
    return failure(error)

  without encodedData =? encoded.encode(), error:
    trace "Unable to encode protected manifest"
    return failure(error)

  without encodedBlk =? bt.Block.new(data = encodedData, codec = DagPBCodec), error:
    trace "Unable to create block from encoded manifest"
    return failure(error)

  if isErr (await self.blockStore.putBlock(encodedBlk)):
    trace "Unable to store encoded manifest block", cid = encodedBlk.cid
    return failure("Unable to store encoded manifest block")

  let request = StorageRequest(
    ask: StorageAsk(
      slots: nodes + tolerance,
      # TODO: Specify slot-specific size (as below) once dispersal is
      # implemented. The current implementation downloads the entire dataset, so
      # it is currently set to be the size of the entire dataset. This is
      # because the slotSize is used to determine the amount of bytes to reserve
      # in a Reservations
      # TODO: slotSize: (encoded.blockSize.int * encoded.steps).u256,
      slotSize: (encoded.blockSize.int * encoded.blocksCount).u256,
      duration: duration,
      proofProbability: proofProbability,
      reward: reward,
      collateral: collateral,
      maxSlotLoss: tolerance
    ),
    content: StorageContent(
      cid: $encodedBlk.cid,
      erasure: StorageErasure(
        totalChunks: encoded.blocksCount.uint64,
      ),
      por: StoragePoR(
        u: @[],         # TODO: PoR setup
        publicKey: @[], # TODO: PoR setup
        name: @[]       # TODO: PoR setup
      )
    ),
    expiry: expiry |? 0.u256
  )

  let purchase = await contracts.purchasing.purchase(request)
  return success purchase.id

proc new*(
  T: type CodexNodeRef,
  switch: Switch,
  store: BlockStore,
  engine: BlockExcEngine,
  erasure: Erasure,
  discovery: Discovery,
  contracts = Contracts.default): CodexNodeRef =
  ## Create new instance of a Codex node, call `start` to run it
  ##
  CodexNodeRef(
    switch: switch,
    blockStore: store,
    engine: engine,
    erasure: erasure,
    discovery: discovery,
    contracts: contracts)

proc start*(node: CodexNodeRef) {.async.} =
  if not node.engine.isNil:
    await node.engine.start()

  if not node.erasure.isNil:
    await node.erasure.start()

  if not node.discovery.isNil:
    await node.discovery.start()

  if hostContracts =? node.contracts.host:
    # TODO: remove Sales callbacks, pass BlockStore and StorageProofs instead
    hostContracts.sales.onStore = proc(request: StorageRequest,
                                       slot: UInt256,
                                       onBatch: BatchProc): Future[?!void] {.async.} =
      ## store data in local storage
      ##

      without cid =? Cid.init(request.content.cid):
        trace "Unable to parse Cid", cid
        let error = newException(CodexError, "Unable to parse Cid")
        return failure(error)

      without manifest =? await node.fetchManifest(cid), error:
        trace "Unable to fetch manifest for cid", cid
        return failure(error)

      trace "Fetching block for manifest", cid
      # TODO: This will probably require a call to `getBlock` either way,
      # since fetching of blocks will have to be selective according
      # to a combination of parameters, such as node slot position
      # and dataset geometry
      if fetchErr =? (await node.fetchBatched(manifest, onBatch = onBatch)).errorOption:
        let error = newException(CodexError, "Unable to retrieve blocks")
        error.parent = fetchErr
        return failure(error)

      return success()

    hostContracts.sales.onClear = proc(request: StorageRequest,
                                       slotIndex: UInt256) =
      # TODO: remove data from local storage
      discard

    hostContracts.sales.onProve = proc(slot: Slot): Future[seq[byte]] {.async.} =
      # TODO: generate proof
      return @[42'u8]

    try:
      await hostContracts.start()
    except CatchableError as error:
      error "Unable to start host contract interactions: ", error=error.msg
      node.contracts.host = HostInteractions.none

  if clientContracts =? node.contracts.client:
    try:
      await clientContracts.start()
    except CatchableError as error:
      error "Unable to start client contract interactions: ", error=error.msg
      node.contracts.client = ClientInteractions.none

  if validatorContracts =? node.contracts.validator:
    try:
      await validatorContracts.start()
    except CatchableError as error:
      error "Unable to start validator contract interactions: ", error=error.msg
      node.contracts.validator = ValidatorInteractions.none

  node.networkId = node.switch.peerInfo.peerId
  notice "Started codex node", id = $node.networkId, addrs = node.switch.peerInfo.addrs

proc stop*(node: CodexNodeRef) {.async.} =
  trace "Stopping node"

  if not node.engine.isNil:
    await node.engine.stop()

  if not node.erasure.isNil:
    await node.erasure.stop()

  if not node.discovery.isNil:
    await node.discovery.stop()

  if clientContracts =? node.contracts.client:
    await clientContracts.stop()

  if hostContracts =? node.contracts.host:
    await hostContracts.stop()

  if validatorContracts =? node.contracts.validator:
    await validatorContracts.stop()

  if not node.blockStore.isNil:
    await node.blockStore.close