diff --git a/LeopardCommon.cpp b/LeopardCommon.cpp
index 96dfd8a..956b48b 100644
--- a/LeopardCommon.cpp
+++ b/LeopardCommon.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 
 #include "LeopardCommon.h"
 
+#include <thread>
+
 namespace leopard {
 
 
@@ -429,4 +431,195 @@ void VectorXOR(
 }
 
 
+#ifdef LEO_ENABLE_MULTITHREADING_OPT
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// WorkerThread
+
+void WorkerThread::Start()
+{
+    Stop();
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    hEvent = ::CreateEventW(nullptr, FALSE, FALSE, nullptr);
+#endif
+
+    Terminated = false;
+    Thread = std::make_unique<std::thread>(&WorkerThread::Loop, this);
+}
+
+void WorkerThread::Stop()
+{
+    if (Thread)
+    {
+        Terminated = true;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        ::SetEvent(hEvent);
+#endif
+
+        try
+        {
+            Thread->join();
+        }
+        catch (std::system_error& /*err*/)
+        {
+        }
+        Thread = nullptr;
+    }
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    if (hEvent != nullptr)
+    {
+        ::CloseHandle(hEvent);
+        hEvent = nullptr;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void WorkerThread::Wake()
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    ::SetEvent(hEvent);
+#else
+    // FIXME: Port to other platforms
+#endif
+}
+
+void WorkerThread::Loop()
+{
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        if (Terminated)
+            break;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        const DWORD result = ::WaitForSingleObject(hEvent, INFINITE);
+
+        if (result != WAIT_OBJECT_0 || Terminated)
+            break;
+#else
+        // FIXME: Port to other platforms
+#endif
+
+        PoolInstance->DrainWorkQueue();
+    }
+}
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// WorkBundle
+
+WorkBundle::WorkBundle()
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    hEvent = ::CreateEventW(nullptr, FALSE, FALSE, nullptr);
+#else
+    // FIXME: Port to other platforms
+#endif
+}
+
+WorkBundle::~WorkBundle()
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    if (hEvent != nullptr)
+    {
+        ::CloseHandle(hEvent);
+        hEvent = nullptr;
+    }
+#else
+    // FIXME: Port to other platforms
+#endif
+}
+
+void WorkBundle::OnAllOperationsCompleted()
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    ::SetEvent(hEvent);
+#else
+    // FIXME: Port to other platforms
+#endif
+}
+
+void WorkBundle::Join()
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    ::WaitForSingleObject(hEvent, INFINITE);
+#else
+    // FIXME: Port to other platforms
+#endif
+}
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// WorkerPool
+
+WorkerPool* PoolInstance = nullptr;
+
+extern "C" void AtExitWrapper()
+{
+    if (PoolInstance)
+        PoolInstance->Stop();
+}
+
+WorkerPool::WorkerPool()
+{
+    WorkerCount = 0;
+
+    unsigned num_cpus = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
+    if (num_cpus > 1)
+    {
+        WorkerCount = num_cpus - 1;
+
+        Workers = new WorkerThread[WorkerCount];
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < WorkerCount; ++i)
+            Workers[i].Start();
+
+        std::atexit(AtExitWrapper);
+    }
+}
+
+void WorkerPool::Stop()
+{
+    Locker locker(QueueLock);
+
+    delete[] Workers;
+    Workers = nullptr;
+    WorkerCount = 0;
+}
+
+void WorkerPool::Dispatch(WorkerCallT call)
+{
+    Locker locker(QueueLock);
+    WorkQueue.resize(++Remaining);
+    WorkQueue[Remaining - 1] = call;
+}
+
+void WorkerPool::Run()
+{
+    // Wake all the workers
+    for (unsigned i = 0, count = WorkerCount; i < count; ++i)
+        Workers[i].Wake();
+
+    DrainWorkQueue();
+}
+
+void WorkerPool::DrainWorkQueue()
+{
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        WorkerCallT call;
+        {
+            Locker locker(QueueLock);
+            if (Remaining <= 0)
+                return;
+            call = WorkQueue[--Remaining];
+        }
+        call();
+    }
+}
+
+
+#endif // LEO_ENABLE_MULTITHREADING_OPT
+
+
 } // namespace leopard
diff --git a/LeopardCommon.h b/LeopardCommon.h
index f6c16c5..7b11684 100644
--- a/LeopardCommon.h
+++ b/LeopardCommon.h
@@ -31,9 +31,6 @@
 /*
     TODO:
 
-    Short-term:
-    + Multithreading
-
     Mid-term:
     + Add compile-time selectable XOR-only rowops instead of MULADD
     + Look into 12-bit fields as a performance optimization
@@ -157,6 +154,11 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <malloc.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <condition_variable>
 
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -182,6 +184,11 @@
 // Unroll inner loops 4 times
 #define LEO_USE_VECTOR4_OPT
 
+// Enable multithreading optimization when requested
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    #define LEO_ENABLE_MULTITHREADING_OPT
+#endif
+
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Debug
@@ -203,6 +210,32 @@
 #endif
 
 
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Windows Header
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+
+    #ifndef _WINSOCKAPI_
+        #define DID_DEFINE_WINSOCKAPI
+        #define _WINSOCKAPI_
+    #endif
+    #ifndef NOMINMAX
+        #define NOMINMAX
+    #endif
+    #ifndef _WIN32_WINNT
+        #define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0601 /* Windows 7+ */
+    #endif
+
+    #include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DID_DEFINE_WINSOCKAPI
+    #undef _WINSOCKAPI_
+    #undef DID_DEFINE_WINSOCKAPI
+#endif
+
+
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Platform/Architecture
 
@@ -456,4 +489,162 @@ static LEO_FORCE_INLINE void SIMDSafeFree(void* ptr)
 }
 
 
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Mutex
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+struct Lock
+{
+    CRITICAL_SECTION cs;
+
+    Lock() { ::InitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount(&cs, 1000); }
+    ~Lock() { ::DeleteCriticalSection(&cs); }
+    bool TryEnter() { return ::TryEnterCriticalSection(&cs) != FALSE; }
+    void Enter() { ::EnterCriticalSection(&cs); }
+    void Leave() { ::LeaveCriticalSection(&cs); }
+};
+
+#else
+
+struct Lock
+{
+    std::recursive_mutex cs;
+
+    bool TryEnter() { return cs.try_lock(); }
+    void Enter() { cs.lock(); }
+    void Leave() { cs.unlock(); }
+};
+
+#endif
+
+class Locker
+{
+public:
+    Locker(Lock& lock) {
+        TheLock = &lock;
+        if (TheLock)
+            TheLock->Enter();
+    }
+    ~Locker() { Clear(); }
+    bool TrySet(Lock& lock) {
+        Clear();
+        if (!lock.TryEnter())
+            return false;
+        TheLock = &lock;
+        return true;
+    }
+    void Set(Lock& lock) {
+        Clear();
+        lock.Enter();
+        TheLock = &lock;
+    }
+    void Clear() {
+        if (TheLock)
+            TheLock->Leave();
+        TheLock = nullptr;
+    }
+private:
+    Lock* TheLock;
+};
+
+
+#ifdef LEO_ENABLE_MULTITHREADING_OPT
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// WorkerThread
+
+class WorkerThread
+{
+public:
+    WorkerThread() {}
+    ~WorkerThread()
+    {
+        Stop();
+    }
+
+    void Start();
+    void Stop();
+    void Wake();
+
+protected:
+    std::atomic_bool Terminated = false;
+    std::unique_ptr<std::thread> Thread;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    HANDLE hEvent = nullptr;
+#else
+    // FIXME: Port to other platforms
+    mutable std::mutex QueueLock;
+    std::condition_variable QueueCondition;
+#endif
+
+    void Loop();
+};
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// WorkBundle
+
+class WorkBundle
+{
+public:
+    WorkBundle();
+    ~WorkBundle();
+
+    LEO_FORCE_INLINE void Increment()
+    {
+        ++WorkCount;
+    }
+    LEO_FORCE_INLINE void OperationComplete()
+    {
+        if (--WorkCount == 0)
+            OnAllOperationsCompleted();
+    }
+    void Join();
+
+protected:
+    std::atomic<unsigned> WorkCount;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    HANDLE hEvent = nullptr;
+#else
+    // FIXME: Port to other platforms
+#endif
+
+    void OnAllOperationsCompleted();
+};
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// WorkerPool
+
+typedef std::function<void()> WorkerCallT;
+
+class WorkerPool
+{
+    friend class WorkerThread;
+
+public:
+    WorkerPool();
+    void Stop();
+
+    void Dispatch(WorkerCallT call);
+    void Run();
+
+protected:
+    void DrainWorkQueue();
+
+    mutable Lock QueueLock;
+    WorkerThread* Workers = nullptr;
+    unsigned WorkerCount = 0;
+    std::vector<WorkerCallT> WorkQueue;
+    unsigned Remaining;
+};
+
+extern WorkerPool* PoolInstance;
+
+#endif // LEO_ENABLE_MULTITHREADING_OPT
+
+
 } // namespace leopard
diff --git a/LeopardFF16.cpp b/LeopardFF16.cpp
index 1888b4b..f5e21c4 100644
--- a/LeopardFF16.cpp
+++ b/LeopardFF16.cpp
@@ -897,6 +897,90 @@ static void IFFT_DIT_Decoder(
     }
 }
 
+// Multithreaded decoder version
+static void IFFT_DIT_Decoder_MT(
+    const uint64_t bytes,
+    const unsigned m_truncated,
+    void** work,
+    const unsigned m,
+    const ffe_t* skewLUT)
+{
+    WorkBundle workBundle;
+
+    // Decimation in time: Unroll 2 layers at a time
+    unsigned dist = 1, dist4 = 4;
+    for (; dist4 <= m; dist = dist4, dist4 <<= 2)
+    {
+        // For each set of dist*4 elements:
+        for (unsigned r = 0; r < m_truncated; r += dist4)
+        {
+            const unsigned i_end = r + dist;
+            const ffe_t log_m01 = skewLUT[i_end];
+            const ffe_t log_m02 = skewLUT[i_end + dist];
+            const ffe_t log_m23 = skewLUT[i_end + dist * 2];
+
+            // For each set of dist elements:
+            for (unsigned i = r; i < i_end; ++i)
+            {
+                void** work_i = work + i;
+                PoolInstance->Dispatch([log_m01, log_m02, log_m23, bytes, work_i, dist, &workBundle]() {
+                    IFFT_DIT4(
+                        bytes,
+                        work_i,
+                        dist,
+                        log_m01,
+                        log_m23,
+                        log_m02);
+                    workBundle.OperationComplete();
+                });
+                workBundle.Increment();
+            }
+        }
+
+        PoolInstance->Run();
+        workBundle.Join();
+    }
+
+    // If there is one layer left:
+    if (dist < m)
+    {
+        // Assuming that dist = m / 2
+        LEO_DEBUG_ASSERT(dist * 2 == m);
+
+        const ffe_t log_m = skewLUT[dist];
+
+        if (log_m == kModulus)
+        {
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < dist; ++i)
+            {
+                PoolInstance->Dispatch([work, i, dist, bytes, &workBundle]() {
+                    xor_mem(work[i + dist], work[i], bytes);
+                    workBundle.OperationComplete();
+                });
+                workBundle.Increment();
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            for (unsigned i = 0; i < dist; ++i)
+            {
+                PoolInstance->Dispatch([work, i, dist, log_m, bytes, &workBundle]() {
+                    IFFT_DIT2(
+                        work[i],
+                        work[i + dist],
+                        log_m,
+                        bytes);
+                    workBundle.OperationComplete();
+                });
+                workBundle.Increment();
+            }
+        }
+
+        PoolInstance->Run();
+        workBundle.Join();
+    }
+}
+
 /*
     Decimation in time FFT:
 
@@ -1208,6 +1292,9 @@ static void FFT_DIT(
     unsigned dist4 = m, dist = m >> 2;
     for (; dist != 0; dist4 = dist, dist >>= 2)
     {
+        const unsigned thread_u = m_truncated / dist4;
+        const unsigned thread_v = dist;
+
         // For each set of dist*4 elements:
         for (unsigned r = 0; r < m_truncated; r += dist4)
         {
@@ -1261,7 +1348,8 @@ void ReedSolomonEncode(
     unsigned recovery_count,
     unsigned m,
     const void* const * data,
-    void** work)
+    void** work,
+    bool multithreaded)
 {
     // work <- IFFT(data, m, m)
 
@@ -1499,6 +1587,82 @@ static void FFT_DIT_ErrorBits(
     }
 }
 
+static void FFT_DIT_ErrorBits_MT(
+    const uint64_t bytes,
+    void** work,
+    const unsigned n_truncated,
+    const unsigned n,
+    const ffe_t* skewLUT,
+    const ErrorBitfield& error_bits)
+{
+    WorkBundle workBundle;
+    unsigned mip_level = LastNonzeroBit32(n);
+
+    // Decimation in time: Unroll 2 layers at a time
+    unsigned dist4 = n, dist = n >> 2;
+    for (; dist != 0; dist4 = dist, dist >>= 2, mip_level -=2)
+    {
+        // For each set of dist*4 elements:
+        for (unsigned r = 0; r < n_truncated; r += dist4)
+        {
+            if (!error_bits.IsNeeded(mip_level, r))
+                continue;
+
+            const ffe_t log_m01 = skewLUT[r + dist];
+            const ffe_t log_m23 = skewLUT[r + dist * 3];
+            const ffe_t log_m02 = skewLUT[r + dist * 2];
+
+            // For each set of dist elements:
+            for (unsigned i = r; i < r + dist; ++i)
+            {
+                void** work_i = work + i;
+
+                PoolInstance->Dispatch([bytes, &workBundle, work_i, dist, log_m01, log_m02, log_m23]() {
+                    FFT_DIT4(
+                        bytes,
+                        work_i,
+                        dist,
+                        log_m01,
+                        log_m23,
+                        log_m02);
+                    workBundle.OperationComplete();
+                });
+                workBundle.Increment();
+            }
+        }
+
+        PoolInstance->Run();
+        workBundle.Join();
+    }
+
+    // If there is one layer left:
+    if (dist4 == 2)
+    {
+        for (unsigned r = 0; r < n_truncated; r += 2)
+        {
+            PoolInstance->Dispatch([bytes, &workBundle, skewLUT, work, r]() {
+                const ffe_t log_m = skewLUT[r + 1];
+
+                if (log_m == kModulus)
+                    xor_mem(work[r + 1], work[r], bytes);
+                else
+                {
+                    FFT_DIT2(
+                        work[r],
+                        work[r + 1],
+                        log_m,
+                        bytes);
+                }
+                workBundle.OperationComplete();
+            });
+            workBundle.Increment();
+        }
+
+        PoolInstance->Run();
+        workBundle.Join();
+    }
+}
+
 #endif // LEO_ERROR_BITFIELD_OPT
 
 
@@ -1513,8 +1677,11 @@ void ReedSolomonDecode(
     unsigned n, // NextPow2(m + original_count) = work_count
     const void* const * const original, // original_count entries
     const void* const * const recovery, // recovery_count entries
-    void** work) // n entries
+    void** work, // n entries
+    bool multithreaded)
 {
+    if (multithreaded && n * buffer_bytes < 512000)
+        multithreaded = false;
     // Fill in error locations
 
 #ifdef LEO_ERROR_BITFIELD_OPT
@@ -1577,24 +1744,68 @@ void ReedSolomonDecode(
 
     // work <- IFFT(work, n, 0)
 
-    IFFT_DIT_Decoder(
-        buffer_bytes,
-        m + original_count,
-        work,
-        n,
-        FFTSkew - 1);
+    if (multithreaded)
+    {
+        IFFT_DIT_Decoder_MT(
+            buffer_bytes,
+            m + original_count,
+            work,
+            n,
+            FFTSkew - 1);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        IFFT_DIT_Decoder(
+            buffer_bytes,
+            m + original_count,
+            work,
+            n,
+            FFTSkew - 1);
+    }
 
     // work <- FormalDerivative(work, n)
 
-    for (unsigned i = 1; i < n; ++i)
+    if (multithreaded)
     {
-        const unsigned width = ((i ^ (i - 1)) + 1) >> 1;
+        for (unsigned i = 1; i < n; ++i)
+        {
+            const unsigned width = ((i ^ (i - 1)) + 1) >> 1;
 
-        VectorXOR(
-            buffer_bytes,
-            width,
-            work + i - width,
-            work + i);
+            if (width <= 4)
+            {
+                for (unsigned j = i - width; j < i; ++j)
+                    xor_mem(work[j], work[j + width], buffer_bytes);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                WorkBundle workBundle;
+
+                for (unsigned j = i - width; j < i; ++j)
+                {
+                    PoolInstance->Dispatch([work, j, width, &workBundle, buffer_bytes]() {
+                        xor_mem(work[j], work[j + width], buffer_bytes);
+                        workBundle.OperationComplete();
+                    });
+                    workBundle.Increment();
+                }
+
+                PoolInstance->Run();
+                workBundle.Join();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (unsigned i = 1; i < n; ++i)
+        {
+            const unsigned width = ((i ^ (i - 1)) + 1) >> 1;
+
+            VectorXOR(
+                buffer_bytes,
+                width,
+                work + i - width,
+                work + i);
+        }
     }
 
     // work <- FFT(work, n, 0) truncated to m + original_count
@@ -1602,7 +1813,14 @@ void ReedSolomonDecode(
     const unsigned output_count = m + original_count;
 
 #ifdef LEO_ERROR_BITFIELD_OPT
-    FFT_DIT_ErrorBits(buffer_bytes, work, output_count, n, FFTSkew - 1, error_bits);
+    if (multithreaded)
+    {
+        FFT_DIT_ErrorBits_MT(buffer_bytes, work, output_count, n, FFTSkew - 1, error_bits);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        FFT_DIT_ErrorBits(buffer_bytes, work, output_count, n, FFTSkew - 1, error_bits);
+    }
 #else
     FFT_DIT(buffer_bytes, work, output_count, n, FFTSkew - 1);
 #endif
diff --git a/LeopardFF16.h b/LeopardFF16.h
index 689fdb3..ab30977 100644
--- a/LeopardFF16.h
+++ b/LeopardFF16.h
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ void ReedSolomonEncode(
     unsigned recovery_count,
     unsigned m, // = NextPow2(recovery_count) * 2 = work_count
     const void* const * const data,
-    void** work); // Size of GetEncodeWorkCount()
+    void** work, // Size of GetEncodeWorkCount()
+    bool multithreaded);
 
 void ReedSolomonDecode(
     uint64_t buffer_bytes,
@@ -85,7 +86,8 @@ void ReedSolomonDecode(
     unsigned n, // = NextPow2(m + original_count) = work_count
     const void* const * const original, // original_count entries
     const void* const * const recovery, // recovery_count entries
-    void** work); // n entries
+    void** work, // n entries
+    bool multithreaded);
 
 
 }} // namespace leopard::ff16
diff --git a/LeopardFF8.cpp b/LeopardFF8.cpp
index 66fc567..8e53043 100644
--- a/LeopardFF8.cpp
+++ b/LeopardFF8.cpp
@@ -1641,7 +1641,8 @@ void ReedSolomonEncode(
     unsigned recovery_count,
     unsigned m,
     const void* const* data,
-    void** work)
+    void** work,
+    bool multithreaded)
 {
     // work <- IFFT(data, m, m)
 
@@ -1849,7 +1850,8 @@ void ReedSolomonDecode(
     unsigned n, // NextPow2(m + original_count) = work_count
     const void* const * const original, // original_count entries
     const void* const * const recovery, // recovery_count entries
-    void** work) // n entries
+    void** work, // n entries
+    bool multithreaded)
 {
     // Fill in error locations
 
diff --git a/LeopardFF8.h b/LeopardFF8.h
index 4014d4e..1b5c774 100644
--- a/LeopardFF8.h
+++ b/LeopardFF8.h
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ void ReedSolomonEncode(
     unsigned recovery_count,
     unsigned m, // = NextPow2(recovery_count)
     const void* const * const data,
-    void** work); // m * 2 elements
+    void** work, // m * 2 elements
+    bool multithreaded);
 
 void ReedSolomonDecode(
     uint64_t buffer_bytes,
@@ -85,7 +86,8 @@ void ReedSolomonDecode(
     unsigned n, // = NextPow2(m + original_count)
     const void* const * const original, // original_count entries
     const void* const * const recovery, // recovery_count entries
-    void** work); // n elements
+    void** work, // n elements
+    bool multithreaded);
 
 
 }} // namespace leopard::ff8
diff --git a/leopard.cpp b/leopard.cpp
index 37bd8e4..cf399b9 100644
--- a/leopard.cpp
+++ b/leopard.cpp
@@ -63,6 +63,12 @@ LEO_EXPORT int leo_init_(int version)
         return Leopard_Platform;
 #endif // LEO_HAS_FF16
 
+#ifdef LEO_ENABLE_MULTITHREADING_OPT
+    // Start worker threads spinning
+    leopard::PoolInstance = new leopard::WorkerPool;
+#endif // LEO_ENABLE_MULTITHREADING_OPT
+
+
     m_Initialized = true;
     return Leopard_Success;
 }
@@ -176,7 +182,8 @@ LEO_EXPORT LeopardResult leo_encode(
             recovery_count,
             m,
             original_data,
-            work_data);
+            work_data,
+            mt);
     }
     else
 #endif // LEO_HAS_FF8
@@ -189,7 +196,8 @@ LEO_EXPORT LeopardResult leo_encode(
             recovery_count,
             m,
             original_data,
-            work_data);
+            work_data,
+            mt);
     }
     else
 #endif // LEO_HAS_FF16
@@ -316,7 +324,8 @@ LEO_EXPORT LeopardResult leo_decode(
             n,
             original_data,
             recovery_data,
-            work_data);
+            work_data,
+            mt);
     }
     else
 #endif // LEO_HAS_FF8
@@ -331,7 +340,8 @@ LEO_EXPORT LeopardResult leo_decode(
             n,
             original_data,
             recovery_data,
-            work_data);
+            work_data,
+            mt);
     }
     else
 #endif // LEO_HAS_FF16
diff --git a/tests/benchmark.cpp b/tests/benchmark.cpp
index b85d62f..03dc175 100644
--- a/tests/benchmark.cpp
+++ b/tests/benchmark.cpp
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ struct TestParameters
     unsigned buffer_bytes = 64000; // multiple of 64 bytes
     unsigned loss_count = 32768; // some fraction of original_count
     unsigned seed = 2;
-    bool multithreaded = true;
+    bool multithreaded = false;
 };
 
 static const unsigned kLargeTrialCount = 1;
-static const unsigned kSmallTrialCount = 1;
+static const unsigned kSmallTrialCount = 4;
 
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------