ift-docs/docs/messaging/concepts/about-discv5.md

title, doc_type, product, topics, authors, owner, doc_version, slug

title	doc_type	product	topics	authors	owner	doc_version	slug
About Discv5	concept	messaging	peer-discovery, discv5, networking	LordGhostX, fryorcraken	logos	1	discv5

About Discv5

Understand how Discv5 uses a distributed hash table to find peers across the network.

Discv5 is a decentralised and efficient peer discovery mechanism for the Logos Delivery Network. It uses a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) for storing ENR records, providing resistance to censorship. Discv5 offers a global view of participating nodes, enabling random sampling for load distribution. It uses bootstrap nodes as an entry point to the network, providing randomised sets of nodes for mesh expansion. Have a look at the Discv5 specification to learn more.

How Discv5 works

sequenceDiagram
    Alice->>DNS Server: (1) Execute DNS Discovery
    DNS Server-->>Alice: (2) Bob's connection details (UDP + TCP)
    activate Alice
    Alice->>Bob: (3) Execute Discv5 over UDP
    Bob-->>Alice: (4) ENRs (UDP + TCP): Carol, David, Erin
    Alice->>Alice: (5) Decode ENRs
    Alice->>Carol: (6) Execute Discv5 over UDP
    Carol-->>Alice: (7) ENRs (UDP + TCP): Frank, Gwen, Harry
    Alice->>Alice: (8) Decode ENRs
    deactivate Alice
    Alice->>Alice: (9) Select peers to dial
    Alice->>David: (10) Libp2p dial (TCP)
    Alice->>Frank: (10) Libp2p dial (TCP)
    Alice->>Gwen: (10) Libp2p dial (TCP)

1. DNS Discovery protocol is executed.
2. Alice retrieves Bob's ENR (Ethereum Node Record) from DNS Server.
3. Alice executes the Discv5 protocol with Bob using UDP connection details from ENR.
4. Bob returns Carol's, David's and Erin's ENRs to Alice.
5. Alice decodes ENRs and extracts the details of Carol, David, and Erin's TCP and UDP connections.
6. Alice executes the Discv5 protocol with Carol using UDP connection details from ENR.
7. Carol returns Frank's, Gwen's and Harry's ENRs to Alice.
8. Alice decodes ENRs and extracts Frank's, Gwen's and Harry's TCP and UDP connection details.
9. Alice selects to dial David, Frank and Gwen.
10. Alice dials David, Frank and Gwen over libp2p using TCP connection details from ENRs.

Pros and cons

Pros:

• Decentralised with random sampling from a global view.
• Continuously researched and improved.

Cons:

• Requires lots of connections and involves frequent churn.
• Relies on User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which is not supported in web browsers.