Merge pull request #55: EVM-C: C interface to EVM

The draft of the EVM-C -- C interface to Ethereum Virtual Machine.
This commit is contained in:
Paweł Bylica 2016-06-24 12:53:14 +02:00 committed by GitHub
commit eab17398a6
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add_library(example-capi STATIC EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL capi.c)
target_include_directories(example-capi PRIVATE ../include)

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#include "evm.h"
struct evm_uint256 balance(struct evm_env*, struct evm_hash160 address);
union evm_variant query(struct evm_env* env,
enum evm_query_key key,
union evm_variant arg) {
union evm_variant result;
switch (key) {
case EVM_GAS_LIMIT: result.int64 = 314; break;
case EVM_BALANCE:
result.uint256 = balance(env, arg.address);
break;
default: result.int64 = 0; break;
}
return result;
}
/// Example how the API is supposed to be used.
void example() {
struct evm_instance* jit = evm_create(query, 0, 0, 0);
char const code[] = "exec()";
struct evm_bytes_view code_view = {code, sizeof(code)};
struct evm_hash256 code_hash = {{1, 2, 3}};
struct evm_bytes_view input = {"Hello World!", 12};
struct evm_uint256 value = {{1, 0, 0, 0}};
int64_t gas = 200000;
struct evm_result result =
evm_execute(jit, NULL, code_hash, code_view, gas, input, value);
evm_destroy_result(result);
evm_destroy(jit);
}

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/// EVM-C -- C interface to Ethereum Virtual Machine
///
/// ## High level design rules
/// 1. Pass function arguments and results by value.
/// This rule comes from modern C++ and tries to avoid costly alias analysis
/// needed for optimization. As the result we have a lots of complex structs
/// and unions. And variable sized arrays of bytes cannot be passed by copy.
/// 2. The EVM operates on integers so it prefers values to be host-endian.
/// On the other hand, LLVM can generate good code for byte swaping.
/// The interface also tries to match host application "natural" endianess.
/// I would like to know what endianess you use and where.
///
/// @defgroup EVMC EVM-C
/// @{
#include <stdint.h> // Definition of int64_t, uint64_t.
#include <stddef.h> // Definition of size_t.
#include <stdbool.h> // Definition of bool.
#if __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/// Host-endian 256-bit integer.
///
/// 32 bytes of data representing host-endian (that means little-endian almost
/// all the time) 256-bit integer. This applies to the words[] order as well.
/// words[0] contains the 64 lowest precision bits, words[3] constains the 64
/// highest precision bits.
struct evm_uint256 {
/// The 4 64-bit words of the integer. Memory aligned to 8 bytes.
uint64_t words[4];
};
/// 160-bit hash suitable for keeping an Ethereum address.
struct evm_hash160 {
/// The 20 bytes of the hash.
char bytes[20];
};
/// Big-endian 256-bit integer/hash.
///
/// 32 bytes of data. For EVM that means big-endian 256-bit integer. Values of
/// this type are converted to host-endian values inside EVM.
struct evm_hash256 {
union {
/// The 32 bytes of the integer/hash. Memory aligned to 8 bytes.
char bytes[32];
/// Additional access by uint64 words to enforce 8 bytes alignment.
uint64_t words[4];
};
};
/// Reference to non-mutable memory.
struct evm_bytes_view {
char const* bytes; ///< Pointer the begining of the memory.
size_t size; ///< The memory size.
};
/// Reference to mutable memory.
struct evm_mutable_bytes_view {
char* bytes; ///< Pointer the begining of the mutable memory.
size_t size; ///< The memory size.
};
/// The EVM execution return code.
enum evm_return_code {
EVM_RETURN = 0, ///< The execution ended by STOP or RETURN.
EVM_SELFDESTRUCT = 1, ///< The execution ended by SELFDESTRUCT.
EVM_EXCEPTION = -1, ///< The execution ended with an exception.
};
/// Complex struct representing execution result.
struct evm_result {
/// Success? OOG? Selfdestruction?
enum evm_return_code return_code;
union {
/// In case of successful execution this substruct is filled.
struct {
/// Rerefence to output data. The memory containing the output data
/// is owned by EVM and is freed with evm_destroy_result().
struct evm_bytes_view output_data;
/// Gas left after execution. Non-negative.
/// @todo We could squeeze gas_left and return_code together.
int64_t gas_left;
/// Pointer to EVM-owned memory.
/// @see output_data.
void* internal_memory;
};
/// In case of selfdestruction here is the address where money goes.
struct evm_hash160 selfdestruct_beneficiary;
};
};
/// The query callback key.
enum evm_query_key {
EVM_ADDRESS, ///< Address of the contract for ADDRESS.
EVM_CALLER, ///< Message sender address for CALLER.
EVM_ORIGIN, ///< Transaction origin address for ORIGIN.
EVM_GAS_PRICE, ///< Transaction gas price for GASPRICE.
EVM_COINBASE, ///< Current block miner address for COINBASE.
EVM_DIFFICULTY, ///< Current block difficulty for DIFFICULTY.
EVM_GAS_LIMIT, ///< Current block gas limit for GASLIMIT.
EVM_NUMBER, ///< Current block number for NUMBER.
EVM_TIMESTAMP, ///< Current block timestamp for TIMESTAMP.
EVM_CODE_BY_ADDRESS, ///< Code by an address for EXTCODE/SIZE.
EVM_BALANCE, ///< Balance of a given address for BALANCE.
EVM_STORAGE, ///< Storage value of a given key for SLOAD.
};
/// Opaque struct representing execution enviroment managed by the host
/// application.
struct evm_env;
/// Variant type to represent possible types of values used in EVM.
///
/// Type-safety is lost around the code that uses this type. We should have
/// complete set of unit tests covering all possible cases.
/// The size of the type is 64 bytes and should fit in single cache line.
union evm_variant {
/// A host-endian 64-bit integer.
int64_t int64;
/// A host-endian 256-bit integer.
struct evm_uint256 uint256;
struct {
/// Additional padding to align the evm_variant::address with lower
/// bytes of a full 256-bit hash.
char address_padding[12];
/// An Ethereum address.
struct evm_hash160 address;
};
/// A memory reference.
struct evm_bytes_view bytes;
};
/// Query callback function.
///
/// This callback function is used by the EVM to query the host application
/// about additional data required to execute EVM code.
/// @param env Pointer to execution environment managed by the host
/// application.
/// @param key The kind of the query. See evm_query_key and details below.
/// @param arg Additional argument to the query. It has defined value only for
/// the subset of query keys.
///
/// ## Types of queries
/// Key | Arg | Expected result
/// ----------------------| -------------------- | ----------------------------------
/// ::EVM_GAS_PRICE | | evm_variant::uint256
/// ::EVM_ADDRESS | | evm_variant::address
/// ::EVM_CALLER | | evm_variant::address
/// ::EVM_ORIGIN | | evm_variant::address
/// ::EVM_COINBASE | | evm_variant::address
/// ::EVM_DIFFICULTY | | evm_variant::uint256
/// ::EVM_GAS_LIMIT | | evm_variant::int64
/// ::EVM_NUMBER | | evm_variant::int64?
/// ::EVM_TIMESTAMP | | evm_variant::int64?
/// ::EVM_CODE_BY_ADDRESS | evm_variant::address | evm_variant::bytes
/// ::EVM_BALANCE | evm_variant::address | evm_variant::uint256
/// ::EVM_STORAGE | evm_variant::uint256 | evm_variant::uint256?
typedef union evm_variant (*evm_query_fn)(struct evm_env* env,
enum evm_query_key key,
union evm_variant arg);
/// Callback function for modifying the storage.
///
/// Endianness: host-endianness is used because C++'s storage API uses big ints,
/// not bytes. What do you use?
typedef void (*evm_store_storage_fn)(struct evm_env* env,
struct evm_uint256 key,
struct evm_uint256 value);
/// The kind of call-like instruction.
enum evm_call_kind {
EVM_CALL, ///< Request CALL.
EVM_DELEGATECALL, ///< Request DELEGATECALL. The value param ignored.
EVM_CALLCODE, ///< Request CALLCODE.
EVM_CREATE ///< Request CREATE. Semantic of some params changes.
};
/// Pointer to the callback function supporting EVM calls.
///
/// @param kind The kind of call-like opcode requested.
/// @param gas The amount of gas for the call.
/// @param address The address of a contract to be called. Ignored in case
/// of CREATE.
/// @param value The value sent to the callee. The endowment in case of
/// CREATE.
/// @param input_data The call input data or the create init code.
/// @param output_data The reference to the memory where the call output is to
/// be copied. In case of create, the memory is guaranteed
/// to be at least 160 bytes to hold the address of the
/// created contract.
/// @return If non-negative - the amount of gas left,
/// If negative - an exception occurred during the call/create.
/// There is no need to set 0 address in the output in this case.
typedef int64_t (*evm_call_fn)(
enum evm_call_kind kind,
int64_t gas,
struct evm_hash160 address,
struct evm_uint256 value,
struct evm_bytes_view input_data,
struct evm_mutable_bytes_view output_data);
/// Pointer to the callback function supporting EVM logs.
///
/// @param log_data Reference to memory containing non-indexed log data.
/// @param num_topics Number of topics added to the log. Valid values 0-4.
/// @param topics Pointer to an array containing `num_topics` topics.
typedef void (*evm_log_fn)(struct evm_bytes_view log_data,
size_t num_topics,
struct evm_hash256 topics[]);
/// A piece of information about the EVM implementation.
enum evm_info_key {
EVM_NAME, ///< The name of the EVM implementation.
EVM_VERSION ///< The software version of the EVM.
};
/// Request information about the EVM implementation.
///
/// @param key What do you want to know?
/// @return Requested information as a c-string. Nonnull.
char const* evm_get_info(enum evm_info_key key);
/// Opaque type representing a EVM instance.
struct evm_instance;
/// Creates new EVM instance.
///
/// Creates new EVM instance. The instance must be destroyed in evm_destroy().
/// Single instance is thread-safe and can be shared by many threads. Having
/// **multiple instances is safe but discouraged** as it has not benefits over
/// having the singleton.
///
/// @param query_fn Pointer to query callback function. Nonnull.
/// @param storage_fn Pointer to storage callback function. Nonnull.
/// @param call_fn Pointer to call callback function. Nonnull.
/// @param log_fn Pointer to log callback function. Nonnull.
/// @return Pointer to the created EVM instance.
struct evm_instance* evm_create(evm_query_fn query_fn,
evm_store_storage_fn storage_fn,
evm_call_fn call_fn,
evm_log_fn log_fn);
/// Destroys the EVM instance.
///
/// @param evm The EVM instance to be destroyed.
void evm_destroy(struct evm_instance* evm);
/// Configures the EVM instance.
///
/// Allows modifying options of the EVM instance.
/// Options:
/// - compatibility mode: frontier, homestead, metropolis, ...
/// - code cache behavior: on, off, read-only, ...
/// - optimizations,
///
/// @param evm The EVM instance to be configured.
/// @param name The option name. Cannot be null.
/// @param value The new option value. Cannot be null.
/// @return True if the option set successfully.
bool evm_set_option(struct evm_instance* evm,
char const* name,
char const* value);
/// Generates and executes machine code for given EVM bytecode.
///
/// All the fun is here. This function actually does something useful.
///
/// @param instance A EVM instance.
/// @param env A pointer to the execution environment provided by the
/// user and passed to callback functions.
/// @param code_hash A hash of the bytecode, usually Keccak. The EVM uses it
/// as the code identifier. A EVM implementation is able to
/// hash the code itself if it requires it, but the host
/// application usually has the hash already.
/// @param code Reference to the bytecode to be executed.
/// @param gas Gas for execution. Min 0, max 2^63-1.
/// @param input_data Reference to the call input data.
/// @param value Call value.
/// @return All execution results.
struct evm_result evm_execute(struct evm_instance* instance,
struct evm_env* env,
struct evm_hash256 code_hash,
struct evm_bytes_view code,
int64_t gas,
struct evm_bytes_view input_data,
struct evm_uint256 value);
/// Destroys execution result.
void evm_destroy_result(struct evm_result);
#if __cplusplus
}
#endif
/// @}