Nick Savers brilliant work on Miner:
+ the option to vaildate/mine blocks + nonce validation + calc for max gas for a block + difficulty calc
This commit is contained in:
romanman
parent
708428c01e
commit
739b1425ef
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@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ import org.ethereum.crypto.HashUtil;
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import org.ethereum.manager.WorldManager;
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import org.ethereum.trie.Trie;
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import org.ethereum.util.ByteUtil;
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import org.ethereum.util.FastByteComparisons;
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import org.ethereum.util.RLP;
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import org.ethereum.util.RLPElement;
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import org.ethereum.util.RLPList;
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import org.slf4j.Logger;
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import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
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import org.spongycastle.util.Arrays;
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import org.spongycastle.util.BigIntegers;
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import org.spongycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
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@ -104,8 +106,9 @@ public class Block {
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}
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public Block getParent() {
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// TODO retrieve Parent from chain
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return null;
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byte[] rlpEncoded = WorldManager.instance.chainDB.get(ByteUtil
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.longToBytes(this.getNumber() - 1));
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return new Block(rlpEncoded);
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}
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public byte[] getParentHash() {
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@ -127,6 +130,11 @@ public class Block {
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if (!parsed) parseRLP();
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return this.header.getStateRoot();
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}
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public void setStateRoot(byte[] stateRoot) {
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if (!parsed) parseRLP();
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this.header.setStateRoot(stateRoot);
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}
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public byte[] getTxTrieRoot() {
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if (!parsed) parseRLP();
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@ -154,7 +162,7 @@ public class Block {
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}
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public boolean isGenesis() {
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return this.getNumber() == 0;
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return this.getNumber() == Genesis.NUMBER;
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}
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public long getGasLimit() {
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@ -177,6 +185,11 @@ public class Block {
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return this.header.getNonce();
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}
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public void setNonce(byte[] nonce) {
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this.header.setNonce(nonce);
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rlpEncoded = null;
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}
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public Trie getTxsState() {
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return this.txsState;
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}
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@ -216,7 +229,7 @@ public class Block {
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toStringBuff.setLength(0);
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toStringBuff.append("BlockData [\n");
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toStringBuff.append(" hash=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(this.getHash())).append("\n");
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toStringBuff.append(" hash=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(this.getHash())).append("\n");
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toStringBuff.append(header.toString());
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for (TransactionReceipt txReceipt : getTxReceiptList()) {
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@ -233,7 +246,7 @@ public class Block {
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toStringBuff.setLength(0);
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toStringBuff.append("BlockData [");
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toStringBuff.append(" hash=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(this.getHash())).append("");
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toStringBuff.append(" hash=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(this.getHash())).append("");
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toStringBuff.append(header.toFlatString());
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for (Transaction tx : getTransactionsList()){
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@ -303,14 +316,21 @@ public class Block {
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*/
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public boolean isValid() {
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boolean isValid = true;
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// verify difficulty meets requirements
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//isValid = this.getDifficulty() == this.calcDifficulty();
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// verify gasLimit meets requirements
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//isValid = this.getGasLimit() == this.calcGasLimit();
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// verify timestamp meets requirements
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//isValid = this.getTimestamp() > this.getParent().getTimestamp();
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if(!this.isGenesis()) {
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// verify difficulty meets requirements
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isValid = this.getDifficulty() == this.calcDifficulty();
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// verify nonce meest difficulty requirements
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isValid = this.validateNonce();
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// verify gasLimit meets requirements
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isValid = this.getGasLimit() == this.calcGasLimit();
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// verify timestamp meets requirements
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isValid = this.getTimestamp() > this.getParent().getTimestamp();
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// verify extraData doesn't exceed 1024 bytes
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isValid = this.getExtraData() == null || this.getExtraData().length <= 1024;
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}
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if(!isValid)
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logger.warn("!!!Invalid block!!!");
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return isValid;
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}
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@ -324,7 +344,7 @@ public class Block {
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return Genesis.GAS_LIMIT;
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else {
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Block parent = this.getParent();
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return Math.max(MIN_GAS_LIMIT, (parent.header.getGasLimit() * (1024 - 1) + (parent.header.getGasUsed() * 6 / 5)) / 1024);
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return Math.max(MIN_GAS_LIMIT, (parent.getGasLimit() * (1024 - 1) + (parent.getGasUsed() * 6 / 5)) / 1024);
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}
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}
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@ -343,18 +363,27 @@ public class Block {
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return BigIntegers.asUnsignedByteArray(BigInteger.valueOf(newDifficulty));
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}
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}
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/**
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* Verify that block is valid for its difficulty
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*
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* @param block
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* @param difficulty
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* @param testNonce
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* @return
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*/
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public boolean validateNonce() {
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BigInteger max = BigInteger.valueOf(2).pow(256);
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byte[] target = BigIntegers.asUnsignedByteArray(32,
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max.divide(new BigInteger(1, this.getDifficulty())));
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byte[] hash = HashUtil.sha3(this.getEncodedWithoutNonce());
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byte[] concat = Arrays.concatenate(hash, this.getNonce());
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byte[] result = HashUtil.sha3(concat);
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return FastByteComparisons.compareTo(result, 0, 32, target, 0, 32) < 0;
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}
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public byte[] getEncoded() {
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if(rlpEncoded == null) {
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// TODO: Alternative clean way to encode, using RLP.encode() after it's optimized
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// Object[] header = new Object[] { parentHash, unclesHash, coinbase,
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// stateRoot, txTrieRoot, difficulty, number, minGasPrice,
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// gasLimit, gasUsed, timestamp, extraData, nonce };
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// Object[] transactions = this.getTransactionsList().toArray();
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// Object[] uncles = this.getUncleList().toArray();
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// return RLP.encode(new Object[] { header, transactions, uncles });
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byte[] header = this.header.getEncoded();
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byte[] transactions = RLP.encodeList();
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byte[] uncles = RLP.encodeList();
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@ -363,4 +392,13 @@ public class Block {
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}
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return rlpEncoded;
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}
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public byte[] getEncodedWithoutNonce() {
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if (!parsed) parseRLP();
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byte[] header = this.header.getEncodedWithoutNonce();
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byte[] transactions = RLP.encodeList();
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byte[] uncles = RLP.encodeList();
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return RLP.encodeList(header, transactions, uncles);
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}
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}
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@ -174,6 +174,14 @@ public class BlockHeader {
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}
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public byte[] getEncoded() {
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return this.getEncoded(true); // with nonce
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}
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public byte[] getEncodedWithoutNonce() {
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return this.getEncoded(false);
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}
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public byte[] getEncoded(boolean withNonce) {
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byte[] parentHash = RLP.encodeElement(this.parentHash);
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byte[] unclesHash = RLP.encodeElement(this.unclesHash);
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byte[] coinbase = RLP.encodeElement(this.coinbase);
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@ -186,11 +194,16 @@ public class BlockHeader {
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byte[] gasUsed = RLP.encodeBigInteger(BigInteger.valueOf(this.gasUsed));
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byte[] timestamp = RLP.encodeBigInteger(BigInteger.valueOf(this.timestamp));
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byte[] extraData = RLP.encodeElement(this.extraData);
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byte[] nonce = RLP.encodeElement(this.nonce);
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return RLP.encodeList(parentHash, unclesHash, coinbase,
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stateRoot, txTrieRoot, difficulty, number,
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minGasPrice, gasLimit, gasUsed, timestamp, extraData, nonce);
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if(withNonce) {
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byte[] nonce = RLP.encodeElement(this.nonce);
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return RLP.encodeList(parentHash, unclesHash, coinbase,
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stateRoot, txTrieRoot, difficulty, number,
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minGasPrice, gasLimit, gasUsed, timestamp, extraData, nonce);
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} else {
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return RLP.encodeList(parentHash, unclesHash, coinbase,
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stateRoot, txTrieRoot, difficulty, number,
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minGasPrice, gasLimit, gasUsed, timestamp, extraData);
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}
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}
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private StringBuffer toStringBuff = new StringBuffer();
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@ -201,7 +214,7 @@ public class BlockHeader {
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toStringBuff.append(" parentHash=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(parentHash)).append("\n");
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toStringBuff.append(" unclesHash=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(unclesHash)).append("\n");
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toStringBuff.append(" coinbase=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(coinbase)).append("\n");
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toStringBuff.append(" stateHash=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(stateRoot)).append("\n");
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toStringBuff.append(" stateRoot=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(stateRoot)).append("\n");
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toStringBuff.append(" txTrieHash=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(txTrieRoot)).append("\n");
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toStringBuff.append(" difficulty=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(difficulty)).append("\n");
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toStringBuff.append(" number=" + number).append("\n");
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@ -218,7 +231,7 @@ public class BlockHeader {
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toStringBuff.append(" parentHash=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(parentHash)).append("");
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toStringBuff.append(" unclesHash=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(unclesHash)).append("");
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toStringBuff.append(" coinbase=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(coinbase)).append("");
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toStringBuff.append(" stateHash=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(stateRoot)).append("");
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toStringBuff.append(" stateRoot=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(stateRoot)).append("");
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toStringBuff.append(" txTrieHash=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(txTrieRoot)).append("");
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toStringBuff.append(" difficulty=" + ByteUtil.toHexString(difficulty)).append("");
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toStringBuff.append(" number=" + number).append("");
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@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
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package org.ethereum.core;
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import java.math.BigInteger;
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import org.ethereum.crypto.HashUtil;
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import org.ethereum.util.ByteUtil;
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import org.ethereum.util.FastByteComparisons;
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import org.spongycastle.util.Arrays;
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import org.spongycastle.util.BigIntegers;
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/**
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* The Miner performs the proof-of-work needed for a valid block
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*
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* The mining proof-of-work (PoW) exists as a cryptographically secure nonce
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* that proves beyond reasonable doubt that a particular amount of computation
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* has been expended in the determination of some token value n.
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* It is utilised to enforce the blockchain security by giving meaning
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* and credence to the notion of difficulty (and, by extension, total difficulty).
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*
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* However, since mining new blocks comes with an attached reward,
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* the proof-of-work not only functions as a method of securing confidence
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* that the blockchain will remain canonical into the future, but also as
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* a wealth distribution mechanism.
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*
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* See Yellow Paper: http://www.gavwood.com/Paper.pdf (chapter 11.5 Mining Proof-of-Work)
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*/
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public class Miner {
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/**
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* Adds a nonce to given block which complies with the given difficulty
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*
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* For the PoC series, we use a simplified proof-of-work.
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* This is not ASIC resistant and is meant merely as a placeholder.
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* It utilizes the bare SHA3 hash function to secure the block chain by requiring
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* the SHA3 hash of the concatenation of the nonce and the header’s SHA3 hash to be
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* sufficiently low. It is formally defined as PoW:
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*
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* PoW(H, n) ≡ BE(SHA3(SHA3(RLP(H!n)) ◦ n))
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*
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* where:
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* RLP(H!n) is the RLP encoding of the block header H, not including the
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* final nonce component;
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* SHA3 is the SHA3 hash function accepting an arbitrary length series of
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* bytes and evaluating to a series of 32 bytes (i.e. 256-bit);
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* n is the nonce, a series of 32 bytes;
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* o is the series concatenation operator;
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* BE(X) evaluates to the value equal to X when interpreted as a
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* big-endian-encoded integer.
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*
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* @param newBlock without a valid nonce
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* @param difficulty - the mining difficulty
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* @return true if valid nonce has been added to the block
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*/
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public boolean mine(Block newBlock, byte[] difficulty) {
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BigInteger max = BigInteger.valueOf(2).pow(256);
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byte[] target = BigIntegers.asUnsignedByteArray(32,
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max.divide(new BigInteger(1, difficulty)));
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byte[] hash = HashUtil.sha3(newBlock.getEncodedWithoutNonce());
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byte[] testNonce = new byte[32];
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byte[] concat;
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while(ByteUtil.increment(testNonce)) {
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concat = Arrays.concatenate(hash, testNonce);
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byte[] result = HashUtil.sha3(concat);
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if(FastByteComparisons.compareTo(result, 0, 32, target, 0, 32) < 0) {
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newBlock.setNonce(testNonce);
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// System.out.println(Hex.toHexString(newBlock.getEncoded()));
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return true;
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}
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}
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return false; // couldn't find a valid nonce
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}
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}
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@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package org.ethereum.util;
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import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
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import java.io.IOException;
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import java.math.BigInteger;
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import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
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import java.util.Arrays;
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import org.spongycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
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@ -37,6 +38,10 @@ public class ByteUtil {
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return bytes;
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}
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public static byte[] longToBytes(long l) {
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return ByteBuffer.allocate(8).putLong(l).array();
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}
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public static String toHexString(byte[] data){
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if (data == null) return "null";
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else return Hex.toHexString(data);
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@ -155,6 +160,16 @@ public class ByteUtil {
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return baos.toByteArray();
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}
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public static byte[] stripLeadingZeroes(byte[] data){
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if (data == null) return null;
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@ -175,4 +190,19 @@ public class ByteUtil {
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return result;
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}
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/**
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* increment byte array as a number until max is reached
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*/
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public static boolean increment(byte[] bytes) {
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final int startIndex = 0;
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int i;
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for (i = bytes.length-1; i >= startIndex; i--) {
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bytes[i]++;
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if (bytes[i] != 0)
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break;
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}
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// we return false when all bytes are 0 again
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return (i >= startIndex || bytes[startIndex] != 0);
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}
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}
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@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package org.ethereum.core;
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import java.math.BigInteger;
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import org.ethereum.manager.WorldManager;
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import org.ethereum.net.message.StaticMessages;
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import org.ethereum.util.ByteUtil;
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import org.spongycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
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import org.ethereum.core.Block;
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import org.ethereum.core.Genesis;
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@ -163,28 +165,40 @@ public class BlockTest {
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@Test
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public void testCalcDifficulty() {
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byte[] diffBytes = Genesis.getInstance().calcDifficulty();
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BigInteger difficulty = new BigInteger(1, diffBytes);
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Block genesis = Genesis.getInstance();
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BigInteger difficulty = new BigInteger(1, genesis.calcDifficulty());
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System.out.println("Genesis difficulty = " + difficulty.toString());
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assertEquals(new BigInteger(1, Genesis.DIFFICULTY), difficulty);
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// Storing genesis because the parent needs to be in the DB for calculation.
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WorldManager.instance.chainDB.put(ByteUtil.longToBytes(Genesis.NUMBER),
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genesis.getEncoded());
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Block block1 = new Block(Hex.decode(block_1));
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diffBytes = block1.calcDifficulty();
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difficulty = new BigInteger(1, diffBytes);
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System.out.println("Block#1 difficulty = " + difficulty.toString());
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assertEquals(new BigInteger(""), difficulty);
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BigInteger calcDifficulty = new BigInteger(1, block1.calcDifficulty());
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BigInteger actualDifficulty = new BigInteger(1, block1.getDifficulty());
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System.out.println("Block#1 actual difficulty = " + actualDifficulty.toString());
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System.out.println("Block#1 calculated difficulty = " + calcDifficulty.toString());
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assertEquals(actualDifficulty, calcDifficulty);
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}
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@Test
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public void testCalcGasLimit() {
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long gasLimit = Genesis.getInstance().calcGasLimit();
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Block genesis = Genesis.getInstance();
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long gasLimit = genesis.calcGasLimit();
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System.out.println("Genesis gasLimit = " + gasLimit);
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assertEquals(Genesis.GAS_LIMIT, gasLimit);
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// Storing genesis because the parent needs to be in the DB for calculation.
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WorldManager.instance.chainDB.put(ByteUtil.longToBytes(Genesis.NUMBER),
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genesis.getEncoded());
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// Test with block
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Block block1 = new Block(Hex.decode(block_1));
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gasLimit = block1.calcGasLimit();
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System.out.println("Block#1 gasLimit = " + gasLimit);
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assertEquals(999023, gasLimit);
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long calcGasLimit = block1.calcGasLimit();
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long actualGasLimit = block1.getGasLimit();
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System.out.println("Block#1 actual gasLimit = " + actualGasLimit);
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System.out.println("Block#1 calculated gasLimit = " + calcGasLimit);
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assertEquals(actualGasLimit, calcGasLimit);
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}
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}
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@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
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package org.ethereum.core;
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import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
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import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
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import java.math.BigInteger;
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import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
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import org.ethereum.util.ByteUtil;
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import org.ethereum.util.FastByteComparisons;
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import org.junit.Test;
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import org.spongycastle.util.BigIntegers;
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import org.spongycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
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public class MinerTest {
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// Example block#32 from Poc5 chain - rlpEncoded without nonce
|
||||
private String rlpWithoutNonce = "f894f890a00a312c2b0a8f125c60a3976b6e508e740e095eb59943988d9bbfb8"
|
||||
+ "aa43922e31a01dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d4934794e559de5527492bcb42ec68d07df0742a98ec3f1ea050188ab86bdf164ac90eb2835a04a8930aae5393c3a2ef1166fb95028f9456b880833ee248208609184e72a000830eca0080845387fd2080c0c0";
|
||||
|
||||
@Test
|
||||
public void testMine() {
|
||||
boolean miningTestEnabled = false;
|
||||
|
||||
if(miningTestEnabled) {
|
||||
Block block = createBlock();
|
||||
assertEquals(rlpWithoutNonce, Hex.toHexString(block.getEncodedWithoutNonce()));
|
||||
System.out.println("Searching for nonce of following block: \n" + block.toString());
|
||||
|
||||
Miner miner = new Miner();
|
||||
boolean mined = miner.mine(block, block.getDifficulty());
|
||||
assertTrue(mined);
|
||||
boolean valid = block.validateNonce();
|
||||
assertTrue(valid);
|
||||
|
||||
// expectedHash is the actual hash from block#32 in PoC5 chain based on nonce below
|
||||
String expectedHash = "ce7201f6cc5eb1a6f35c7dda8acda111647a0f8a5bf0518e46579b03e29fe14b";
|
||||
assertEquals(expectedHash, Hex.toHexString(block.getHash()));
|
||||
|
||||
// expectedNonce is the actual nonce from block#32 in Poc5 chain
|
||||
String expectedNonce = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001f52ebb192c4ea97"; // from Poc5 chain
|
||||
// Actual is "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000098cc15"
|
||||
// but that might also be a valid nonce in compliance with PoW(H!n, n) < (2^256 / difficulty)
|
||||
assertEquals(expectedNonce, Hex.toHexString(block.getNonce()));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Produces a block equal to block#32 on PoC5 testnet (protocol 19)
|
||||
* Where nonce was '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001f52ebb192c4ea97'
|
||||
* and resulting hash 'ce7201f6cc5eb1a6f35c7dda8acda111647a0f8a5bf0518e46579b03e29fe14b'
|
||||
*/
|
||||
private Block createBlock() {
|
||||
byte[] parentHash = Hex.decode("0a312c2b0a8f125c60a3976b6e508e740e095eb59943988d9bbfb8aa43922e31");
|
||||
byte[] unclesHash = Hex.decode("1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347");
|
||||
byte[] coinbase = Hex.decode("e559de5527492bcb42ec68d07df0742a98ec3f1e");
|
||||
byte[] difficulty = Hex.decode("3ee248");
|
||||
byte[] nonce = null;
|
||||
long number = 32;
|
||||
long minGasPrice = 10000000000000L;
|
||||
long gasLimit = 969216;
|
||||
long gasUsed = 0;
|
||||
long timestamp = 1401421088;
|
||||
Block newBlock = new Block(parentHash, unclesHash, coinbase,
|
||||
difficulty, number, minGasPrice, gasLimit, gasUsed, timestamp,
|
||||
null, nonce, null, null);
|
||||
// Setting stateRoot manually, because don't have state available.
|
||||
newBlock.setStateRoot(Hex.decode("50188ab86bdf164ac90eb2835a04a8930aae5393c3a2ef1166fb95028f9456b8"));
|
||||
return newBlock;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* This test shows the difference between iterating over,
|
||||
* and comparing byte[] vs BigInteger value.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* Results indicate that the former has ~15x better performance.
|
||||
* Therefore this is used in the Miner.mine() method.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
@Test
|
||||
public void testIncrementPerformance() {
|
||||
boolean testEnabled = false;
|
||||
|
||||
if(testEnabled) {
|
||||
byte[] counter1 = new byte[4];
|
||||
byte[] max = ByteBuffer.allocate(4).putInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE).array();
|
||||
long start1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
|
||||
while(ByteUtil.increment(counter1)) {
|
||||
if(FastByteComparisons.compareTo(counter1, 0, 4, max, 0, 4) == 0) {
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis() - start1 + "ms to reach: " + Hex.toHexString(counter1));
|
||||
|
||||
BigInteger counter2 = BigInteger.ZERO;
|
||||
long start2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
|
||||
while(true) {
|
||||
if(counter2.compareTo(BigInteger.valueOf(Integer.MAX_VALUE)) == 0) {
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
counter2 = counter2.add(BigInteger.ONE);
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis() - start2 + "ms to reach: " + Hex.toHexString(BigIntegers.asUnsignedByteArray(4, counter2)));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue