726 lines
26 KiB
Markdown
726 lines
26 KiB
Markdown
# Ethereum 2.0 Phase 1 -- The Beacon Chain for Shards
|
|
|
|
**Notice**: This document is a work-in-progress for researchers and implementers.
|
|
|
|
## Table of contents
|
|
|
|
<!-- TOC -->
|
|
|
|
TODO
|
|
|
|
<!-- /TOC -->
|
|
|
|
## Introduction
|
|
|
|
This document describes the extensions made to the Phase 0 design of The Beacon Chain
|
|
to facilitate the new shards as part of Phase 1 of Eth2.
|
|
|
|
## Custom types
|
|
|
|
We define the following Python custom types for type hinting and readability:
|
|
|
|
| Name | SSZ equivalent | Description |
|
|
| - | - | - |
|
|
| `Shard` | `uint64` | a shard number |
|
|
|
|
## Configuration
|
|
|
|
Configuration is not namespaced. Instead it is strictly an extension;
|
|
no constants of phase 0 change, but new constants are adopted for changing behaviors.
|
|
|
|
### Misc
|
|
|
|
| Name | Value | Unit | Duration |
|
|
| - | - | - | - |
|
|
| `MAX_SHARDS` | `2**10` (= 1024) |
|
|
| `ACTIVE_SHARDS` | `2**6` (= 64) |
|
|
| `ONLINE_PERIOD` | `2**3` (= 8) | epochs | ~51 min |
|
|
| `LIGHT_CLIENT_COMMITTEE_SIZE` | `2**7` (= 128) |
|
|
| `LIGHT_CLIENT_COMMITTEE_PERIOD` | `2**8` (= 256) | epochs | ~27 hours |
|
|
| `SHARD_COMMITTEE_PERIOD` | `2**8` (= 256) | epochs | ~27 hours |
|
|
| `SHARD_BLOCK_CHUNK_SIZE` | `2**18` (= 262,144) | |
|
|
| `MAX_SHARD_BLOCK_CHUNKS` | `2**2` (= 4) | |
|
|
| `BLOCK_SIZE_TARGET` | `3 * 2**16` (= 196,608) | |
|
|
| `SHARD_BLOCK_OFFSETS` | `[1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233]` | |
|
|
| `MAX_SHARD_BLOCKS_PER_ATTESTATION` | `len(SHARD_BLOCK_OFFSETS)` | |
|
|
| `EMPTY_CHUNK_ROOT` | `hash_tree_root(BytesN[SHARD_BLOCK_CHUNK_SIZE]())` | |
|
|
| `MAX_GASPRICE` | `2**14` (= 16,384) | Gwei | |
|
|
| `MIN_GASPRICE` | `2**5` (= 32) | Gwei | |
|
|
| `GASPRICE_ADJUSTMENT_COEFFICIENT` | `2**3` (= 8) | |
|
|
| `DOMAIN_LIGHT_CLIENT` | `192` | |
|
|
| `DOMAIN_SHARD_COMMITTEE` | `192` | |
|
|
| `DOMAIN_SHARD_PROPOSAL` | `193` | |
|
|
|
|
## Containers
|
|
|
|
### `ShardBlockWrapper`
|
|
|
|
_Wrapper for being broadcasted over the network._
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class ShardBlockWrapper(Container):
|
|
shard_parent_root: Hash
|
|
beacon_parent_root: Hash
|
|
slot: Slot
|
|
body: BytesN[SHARD_BLOCK_CHUNK_SIZE]
|
|
signature: BLSSignature
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `ShardSignableHeader`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class ShardSignableHeader(Container):
|
|
shard_parent_root: Hash
|
|
beacon_parent_root: Hash
|
|
slot: Slot
|
|
body_root: Hash
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `ShardState`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class ShardState(Container):
|
|
slot: Slot
|
|
gasprice: Gwei
|
|
data: Hash
|
|
latest_block_root: Hash
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### New `AttestationData`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class AttestationData(phase0.AttestationData):
|
|
slot: Slot
|
|
index: CommitteeIndex
|
|
# LMD GHOST vote
|
|
beacon_block_root: Hash
|
|
# FFG vote
|
|
source: Checkpoint
|
|
target: Checkpoint
|
|
# Current-slot shard block root
|
|
head_shard_root: Hash
|
|
# Shard transition root
|
|
shard_transition_root: Hash
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `ShardTransition`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class ShardTransition(Container):
|
|
# Starting from slot
|
|
start_slot: Slot
|
|
# Shard block lengths
|
|
shard_block_lengths: List[uint64, MAX_SHARD_BLOCKS_PER_ATTESTATION]
|
|
# Shard data roots
|
|
shard_data_roots: List[List[Hash, MAX_SHARD_BLOCK_CHUNKS], MAX_SHARD_BLOCKS_PER_ATTESTATION]
|
|
# Intermediate shard states
|
|
shard_states: List[ShardState, MAX_SHARD_BLOCKS_PER_ATTESTATION]
|
|
# Proposer signature aggregate
|
|
proposer_signature_aggregate: BLSSignature
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### New `Attestation`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class Attestation(Container):
|
|
aggregation_bits: Bitlist[MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE]
|
|
data: AttestationData
|
|
custody_bits: List[Bitlist[MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE], MAX_SHARD_BLOCKS_PER_ATTESTATION]
|
|
signature: BLSSignature
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `AttestationAndCommittee`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class AttestationAndCommittee(Container):
|
|
committee: List[ValidatorIndex, MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE]
|
|
attestation: Attestation
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `CompactCommittee`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class CompactCommittee(Container):
|
|
pubkeys: List[BLSPubkey, MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE]
|
|
compact_validators: List[uint64, MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `AttestationCustodyBitWrapper`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class AttestationCustodyBitWrapper(Container):
|
|
attestation_root: Hash
|
|
block_index: uint64
|
|
bit: boolean
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### New extended `PendingAttestation`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class PendingAttestation(phase0.PendingAttestation):
|
|
aggregation_bits: Bitlist[MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE]
|
|
data: AttestationData
|
|
inclusion_delay: Slot
|
|
proposer_index: ValidatorIndex
|
|
crosslink_success: boolean
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### New extended `Validator`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class Validator(phase0.Validator):
|
|
pubkey: BLSPubkey
|
|
withdrawal_credentials: Hash # Commitment to pubkey for withdrawals
|
|
effective_balance: Gwei # Balance at stake
|
|
slashed: boolean
|
|
# Status epochs
|
|
activation_eligibility_epoch: Epoch # When criteria for activation were met
|
|
activation_epoch: Epoch
|
|
exit_epoch: Epoch
|
|
withdrawable_epoch: Epoch # When validator can withdraw funds
|
|
# Custody game
|
|
# next_custody_secret_to_reveal is initialised to the custody period
|
|
# (of the particular validator) in which the validator is activated
|
|
# = get_custody_period_for_validator(...)
|
|
next_custody_secret_to_reveal: uint64
|
|
max_reveal_lateness: Epoch
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### New extended `BeaconBlockBody`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class BeaconBlockBody(phase0.BeaconBlockBody):
|
|
randao_reveal: BLSSignature
|
|
eth1_data: Eth1Data # Eth1 data vote
|
|
graffiti: Bytes32 # Arbitrary data
|
|
# Slashings
|
|
proposer_slashings: List[ProposerSlashing, MAX_PROPOSER_SLASHINGS]
|
|
attester_slashings: List[AttesterSlashing, MAX_ATTESTER_SLASHINGS]
|
|
# Attesting
|
|
attestations: List[Attestation, MAX_ATTESTATIONS]
|
|
# Entry & exit
|
|
deposits: List[Deposit, MAX_DEPOSITS]
|
|
voluntary_exits: List[VoluntaryExit, MAX_VOLUNTARY_EXITS]
|
|
# Custody game
|
|
custody_chunk_challenges: List[CustodyChunkChallenge, MAX_CUSTODY_CHUNK_CHALLENGES]
|
|
custody_bit_challenges: List[CustodyBitChallenge, MAX_CUSTODY_BIT_CHALLENGES]
|
|
custody_key_reveals: List[CustodyKeyReveal, MAX_CUSTODY_KEY_REVEALS]
|
|
early_derived_secret_reveals: List[EarlyDerivedSecretReveal, MAX_EARLY_DERIVED_SECRET_REVEALS]
|
|
# Shards
|
|
shard_transitions: Vector[ShardTransition, MAX_SHARDS]
|
|
# Light clients
|
|
light_client_signature_bitfield: Bitlist[LIGHT_CLIENT_COMMITTEE_SIZE]
|
|
light_client_signature: BLSSignature
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### New extended `BeaconBlock`
|
|
|
|
Note that the `body` has a new `BeaconBlockBody` definition.
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class BeaconBlock(phase0.BeaconBlock):
|
|
slot: Slot
|
|
parent_root: Hash
|
|
state_root: Hash
|
|
body: BeaconBlockBody
|
|
signature: BLSSignature
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### New extended `BeaconState`
|
|
|
|
Note that aside from the new additions, `Validator` and `PendingAttestation` have new definitions.
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
class BeaconState(phase0.BeaconState):
|
|
# Versioning
|
|
genesis_time: uint64
|
|
slot: Slot
|
|
fork: Fork
|
|
# History
|
|
latest_block_header: BeaconBlockHeader
|
|
block_roots: Vector[Hash, SLOTS_PER_HISTORICAL_ROOT]
|
|
state_roots: Vector[Hash, SLOTS_PER_HISTORICAL_ROOT]
|
|
historical_roots: List[Hash, HISTORICAL_ROOTS_LIMIT]
|
|
# Eth1
|
|
eth1_data: Eth1Data
|
|
eth1_data_votes: List[Eth1Data, SLOTS_PER_ETH1_VOTING_PERIOD]
|
|
eth1_deposit_index: uint64
|
|
# Registry
|
|
validators: List[Validator, VALIDATOR_REGISTRY_LIMIT]
|
|
balances: List[Gwei, VALIDATOR_REGISTRY_LIMIT]
|
|
# Randomness
|
|
randao_mixes: Vector[Hash, EPOCHS_PER_HISTORICAL_VECTOR]
|
|
# Slashings
|
|
slashings: Vector[Gwei, EPOCHS_PER_SLASHINGS_VECTOR] # Per-epoch sums of slashed effective balances
|
|
# Attestations
|
|
previous_epoch_attestations: List[PendingAttestation, MAX_ATTESTATIONS * SLOTS_PER_EPOCH]
|
|
current_epoch_attestations: List[PendingAttestation, MAX_ATTESTATIONS * SLOTS_PER_EPOCH]
|
|
# Finality
|
|
justification_bits: Bitvector[JUSTIFICATION_BITS_LENGTH] # Bit set for every recent justified epoch
|
|
previous_justified_checkpoint: Checkpoint # Previous epoch snapshot
|
|
current_justified_checkpoint: Checkpoint
|
|
finalized_checkpoint: Checkpoint
|
|
# Phase 1
|
|
shard_states: List[ShardState, MAX_SHARDS]
|
|
online_countdown: Bytes[VALIDATOR_REGISTRY_LIMIT]
|
|
current_light_committee: CompactCommittee
|
|
next_light_committee: CompactCommittee
|
|
# Custody game
|
|
# TODO: custody game refactor, no challenge-records, immediate processing.
|
|
custody_challenge_index: uint64
|
|
# Future derived secrets already exposed; contains the indices of the exposed validator
|
|
# at RANDAO reveal period % EARLY_DERIVED_SECRET_PENALTY_MAX_FUTURE_EPOCHS
|
|
exposed_derived_secrets: Vector[List[ValidatorIndex, PLACEHOLDER],
|
|
EARLY_DERIVED_SECRET_PENALTY_MAX_FUTURE_EPOCHS]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Helper functions
|
|
|
|
### Crypto
|
|
|
|
#### `bls_verify_multiple`
|
|
|
|
`bls_verify_multiple` is a function for verifying a BLS signature constructed from multiple messages, as defined in the [BLS Signature spec](../bls_signature.md#bls_verify_multiple).
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Misc
|
|
|
|
#### `pack_compact_validator`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def pack_compact_validator(index: int, slashed: bool, balance_in_increments: int) -> int:
|
|
"""
|
|
Creates a compact validator object representing index, slashed status, and compressed balance.
|
|
Takes as input balance-in-increments (// EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT) to preserve symmetry with
|
|
the unpacking function.
|
|
"""
|
|
return (index << 16) + (slashed << 15) + balance_in_increments
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### `committee_to_compact_committee`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def committee_to_compact_committee(state: BeaconState, committee: Sequence[ValidatorIndex]) -> CompactCommittee:
|
|
"""
|
|
Given a state and a list of validator indices, outputs the CompactCommittee representing them.
|
|
"""
|
|
validators = [state.validators[i] for i in committee]
|
|
compact_validators = [
|
|
pack_compact_validator(i, v.slashed, v.effective_balance // EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT)
|
|
for i, v in zip(committee, validators)
|
|
]
|
|
pubkeys = [v.pubkey for v in validators]
|
|
return CompactCommittee(pubkeys=pubkeys, compact_validators=compact_validators)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### `chunks_to_body_root`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def chunks_to_body_root(chunks):
|
|
return hash_tree_root(chunks + [EMPTY_CHUNK_ROOT] * (MAX_SHARD_BLOCK_CHUNKS - len(chunks)))
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Beacon state accessors
|
|
|
|
#### `get_online_validator_indices`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def get_online_validator_indices(state: BeaconState) -> Set[ValidatorIndex]:
|
|
active_validators = get_active_validator_indices(state, get_current_epoch(state))
|
|
return set([i for i in active_validators if state.online_countdown[i] != 0])
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### `get_shard_committee`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def get_shard_committee(beacon_state: BeaconState, epoch: Epoch, shard: Shard) -> Sequence[ValidatorIndex]:
|
|
source_epoch = epoch - epoch % SHARD_COMMITTEE_PERIOD
|
|
if source_epoch > 0:
|
|
source_epoch -= SHARD_COMMITTEE_PERIOD
|
|
active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(beacon_state, source_epoch)
|
|
seed = get_seed(beacon_state, source_epoch, DOMAIN_SHARD_COMMITTEE)
|
|
return compute_committee(active_validator_indices, seed, 0, ACTIVE_SHARDS)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### `get_shard_proposer_index`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def get_shard_proposer_index(beacon_state: BeaconState, slot: Slot, shard: Shard) -> ValidatorIndex:
|
|
committee = get_shard_committee(beacon_state, compute_epoch_at_slot(slot), shard)
|
|
r = bytes_to_int(get_seed(beacon_state, get_current_epoch(beacon_state), DOMAIN_SHARD_COMMITTEE)[:8])
|
|
return committee[r % len(committee)]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### `get_light_client_committee`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def get_light_client_committee(beacon_state: BeaconState, epoch: Epoch) -> Sequence[ValidatorIndex]:
|
|
source_epoch = epoch - epoch % LIGHT_CLIENT_COMMITTEE_PERIOD
|
|
if source_epoch > 0:
|
|
source_epoch -= LIGHT_CLIENT_COMMITTEE_PERIOD
|
|
active_validator_indices = get_active_validator_indices(beacon_state, source_epoch)
|
|
seed = get_seed(beacon_state, source_epoch, DOMAIN_LIGHT_CLIENT)
|
|
return compute_committee(active_validator_indices, seed, 0, ACTIVE_SHARDS)[:TARGET_COMMITTEE_SIZE]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### `get_indexed_attestation`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def get_indexed_attestation(beacon_state: BeaconState, attestation: Attestation) -> AttestationAndCommittee:
|
|
committee = get_beacon_committee(beacon_state, attestation.data.slot, attestation.data.index)
|
|
return AttestationAndCommittee(committee, attestation)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### `get_updated_gasprice`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def get_updated_gasprice(prev_gasprice: Gwei, length: uint8) -> Gwei:
|
|
if length > BLOCK_SIZE_TARGET:
|
|
delta = prev_gasprice * (length - BLOCK_SIZE_TARGET) // BLOCK_SIZE_TARGET // GASPRICE_ADJUSTMENT_COEFFICIENT
|
|
return min(prev_gasprice + delta, MAX_GASPRICE)
|
|
else:
|
|
delta = prev_gasprice * (BLOCK_SIZE_TARGET - length) // BLOCK_SIZE_TARGET // GASPRICE_ADJUSTMENT_COEFFICIENT
|
|
return max(prev_gasprice, MIN_GASPRICE + delta) - delta
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### `get_start_shard`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def get_start_shard(state: BeaconState, slot: Slot) -> Shard:
|
|
# TODO: implement start shard logic
|
|
return Shard(0)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### `get_shard`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def get_shard(state: BeaconState, attestation: Attestation) -> Shard:
|
|
return Shard((attestation.data.index + get_start_shard(state, attestation.data.slot)) % ACTIVE_SHARDS)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### `get_offset_slots`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def get_offset_slots(state: BeaconState, start_slot: Slot) -> Sequence[Slot]:
|
|
return [start_slot + x for x in SHARD_BLOCK_OFFSETS if start_slot + x < state.slot]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Predicates
|
|
|
|
#### Updated `is_valid_indexed_attestation`
|
|
|
|
Note that this replaces the Phase 0 `is_valid_indexed_attestation`.
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def is_valid_indexed_attestation(state: BeaconState, indexed_attestation: AttestationAndCommittee) -> bool:
|
|
"""
|
|
Check if ``indexed_attestation`` has valid indices and signature.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
# Verify aggregate signature
|
|
all_pubkeys = []
|
|
all_message_hashes = []
|
|
aggregation_bits = indexed_attestation.attestation.aggregation_bits
|
|
assert len(aggregation_bits) == len(indexed_attestation.committee)
|
|
for i, custody_bits in enumerate(indexed_attestation.attestation.custody_bits):
|
|
assert len(custody_bits) == len(indexed_attestation.committee)
|
|
for participant, abit, cbit in zip(indexed_attestation.committee, aggregation_bits, custody_bits):
|
|
if abit:
|
|
all_pubkeys.append(state.validators[participant].pubkey)
|
|
# Note: only 2N distinct message hashes
|
|
all_message_hashes.append(hash_tree_root(
|
|
AttestationCustodyBitWrapper(hash_tree_root(indexed_attestation.data), i, cbit)
|
|
))
|
|
else:
|
|
assert not cbit
|
|
|
|
return bls_verify_multiple(
|
|
pubkeys=all_pubkeys,
|
|
message_hashes=all_message_hashes,
|
|
signature=indexed_attestation.signature,
|
|
domain=get_domain(state, DOMAIN_BEACON_ATTESTER, indexed_attestation.data.target.epoch),
|
|
)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Block processing
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def process_block(state: BeaconState, block: BeaconBlock) -> None:
|
|
process_block_header(state, block)
|
|
process_randao(state, block.body)
|
|
process_eth1_data(state, block.body)
|
|
verify_shard_transition_false_positives(state, block)
|
|
process_light_client_signatures(state, block)
|
|
process_operations(state, block.body)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Operations
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def process_operations(state: BeaconState, body: BeaconBlockBody) -> None:
|
|
# Verify that outstanding deposits are processed up to the maximum number of deposits
|
|
assert len(body.deposits) == min(MAX_DEPOSITS, state.eth1_data.deposit_count - state.eth1_deposit_index)
|
|
|
|
def for_ops(operations, fn):
|
|
for operation in operations:
|
|
fn(state, operation)
|
|
|
|
for_ops(body.proposer_slashings, process_proposer_slashing)
|
|
for_ops(body.attester_slashings, process_attester_slashing)
|
|
|
|
# New attestation processing
|
|
process_attestations(state, body, body.attestations)
|
|
|
|
for_ops(body.deposits, process_deposit)
|
|
for_ops(body.voluntary_exits, process_voluntary_exit)
|
|
|
|
# See custody game spec.
|
|
process_custody_game_operations(state, body)
|
|
|
|
# TODO process_operations(body.shard_receipt_proofs, process_shard_receipt_proofs)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
##### New Attestation processing
|
|
|
|
###### `validate_attestation`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def validate_attestation(state: BeaconState, attestation: Attestation) -> None:
|
|
data = attestation.data
|
|
assert data.index < ACTIVE_SHARDS
|
|
shard = get_shard(state, attestation)
|
|
|
|
# Signature check
|
|
assert is_valid_indexed_attestation(state, get_indexed_attestation(state, attestation))
|
|
# Type 1: on-time attestations
|
|
if attestation.custody_bits != []:
|
|
# Correct slot
|
|
assert data.slot == state.slot
|
|
# Correct data root count
|
|
assert len(attestation.custody_bits) == len(get_offset_slots(state, state.shard_next_slots[shard]))
|
|
# Correct parent block root
|
|
assert data.beacon_block_root == get_block_root_at_slot(state, state.slot - 1)
|
|
# Type 2: delayed attestations
|
|
else:
|
|
assert state.slot - compute_start_slot_at_epoch(compute_epoch_at_slot(data.slot)) < SLOTS_PER_EPOCH
|
|
assert data.shard_transition_root == Hash()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
###### `apply_shard_transition`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def apply_shard_transition(state: BeaconState, shard: Shard, transition: ShardTransition) -> None:
|
|
# Slot the attestation starts counting from
|
|
start_slot = state.shard_next_slots[shard]
|
|
|
|
# Correct data root count
|
|
offset_slots = get_offset_slots(state, start_slot)
|
|
assert (
|
|
len(transition.shard_data_roots)
|
|
== len(transition.shard_states)
|
|
== len(transition.shard_block_lengths)
|
|
== len(offset_slots)
|
|
)
|
|
assert transition.start_slot == start_slot
|
|
|
|
# Reonstruct shard headers
|
|
headers = []
|
|
proposers = []
|
|
shard_parent_root = state.shard_states[shard].latest_block_root
|
|
for i in range(len(offset_slots)):
|
|
if any(transition.shard_data_roots):
|
|
headers.append(ShardSignableHeader(
|
|
shard_parent_root=shard_parent_root,
|
|
parent_hash=get_block_root_at_slot(state, state.slot - 1),
|
|
slot=offset_slots[i],
|
|
body_root=chunks_to_body_root(transition.shard_data_roots[i])
|
|
))
|
|
proposers.append(get_shard_proposer_index(state, shard, offset_slots[i]))
|
|
shard_parent_root = hash_tree_root(headers[-1])
|
|
|
|
# Verify correct calculation of gas prices and slots and chunk roots
|
|
prev_gasprice = state.shard_states[shard].gasprice
|
|
for i in range(len(offset_slots)):
|
|
shard_state = transition.shard_states[i]
|
|
block_length = transition.shard_block_lengths[i]
|
|
chunks = transition.shard_data_roots[i]
|
|
assert shard_state.gasprice == get_updated_gasprice(prev_gasprice, block_length)
|
|
assert shard_state.slot == offset_slots[i]
|
|
assert len(chunks) == block_length // SHARD_BLOCK_CHUNK_SIZE
|
|
prev_gasprice = shard_state.gasprice
|
|
|
|
# Verify combined proposer signature
|
|
assert bls_verify_multiple(
|
|
pubkeys=[state.validators[proposer].pubkey for proposer in proposers],
|
|
message_hashes=[hash_tree_root(header) for header in headers],
|
|
signature=transition.proposer_signature_aggregate,
|
|
domain=DOMAIN_SHARD_PROPOSAL
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# Save updated state
|
|
state.shard_states[shard] = transition.shard_states[-1]
|
|
state.shard_states[shard].slot = state.slot - 1
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
###### `process_attestations`
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def process_attestations(state: BeaconState, block_body: BeaconBlockBody, attestations: Sequence[Attestation]) -> None:
|
|
# Basic validation
|
|
for attestation in attestations:
|
|
validate_attestation(state, attestation)
|
|
# Process crosslinks
|
|
online_indices = get_online_validator_indices(state)
|
|
winners = set()
|
|
for shard in range(ACTIVE_SHARDS):
|
|
success = False
|
|
# All attestations in the block for this shard
|
|
this_shard_attestations = [
|
|
attestation for attestation in attestations
|
|
if get_shard(state, attestation) == shard and attestation.data.slot == state.slot
|
|
]
|
|
# The committee for this shard
|
|
this_shard_committee = get_beacon_committee(state, get_current_epoch(state), shard)
|
|
# Loop over all shard transition roots
|
|
shard_transition_roots = set([a.data.shard_transition_root for a in this_shard_attestations])
|
|
for shard_transition_root in sorted(shard_transition_roots):
|
|
all_participants = set()
|
|
participating_attestations = []
|
|
for attestation in this_shard_attestations:
|
|
participating_attestations.append(attestation)
|
|
if attestation.data.shard_transition_root == shard_transition_root:
|
|
participants = get_attesting_indices(state, attestation.data, attestation.aggregation_bits)
|
|
all_participants = all_participants.union(participants)
|
|
if (
|
|
get_total_balance(state, online_indices.intersection(all_participants)) * 3 >=
|
|
get_total_balance(state, online_indices.intersection(this_shard_committee)) * 2
|
|
and success is False
|
|
):
|
|
# Attestation <-> shard transition consistency
|
|
assert shard_transition_root == hash_tree_root(block_body.shard_transition)
|
|
assert (
|
|
attestation.data.head_shard_root
|
|
== chunks_to_body_root(block_body.shard_transition.shard_data_roots[-1])
|
|
)
|
|
# Apply transition
|
|
apply_shard_transition(state, shard, block_body.shard_transition)
|
|
# Apply proposer reward and cost
|
|
beacon_proposer_index = get_beacon_proposer_index(state)
|
|
estimated_attester_reward = sum([get_base_reward(state, attester) for attester in all_participants])
|
|
proposer_reward = estimated_attester_reward // PROPOSER_REWARD_COEFFICIENT
|
|
increase_balance(state, beacon_proposer_index, proposer_reward)
|
|
states_slots_lengths = zip(
|
|
block_body.shard_transition.shard_states,
|
|
get_offset_slots(state, state.shard_next_slots[get_shard(attestation)]),
|
|
block_body.shard_transition.shard_block_lengths
|
|
)
|
|
for shard_state, slot, length in states_slots_lengths:
|
|
proposer_index = get_shard_proposer_index(state, shard, slot)
|
|
decrease_balance(state, proposer_index, shard_state.gasprice * length)
|
|
winners.add((shard, shard_transition_root))
|
|
success = True
|
|
if not success:
|
|
assert block_body.shard_transitions[shard] == ShardTransition()
|
|
for attestation in attestations:
|
|
is_winning_transition = (get_shard(state, attestation), attestation.shard_transition_root) in winners
|
|
pending_attestation = PendingAttestation(
|
|
aggregation_bits=attestation.aggregation_bits,
|
|
data=attestation.data,
|
|
inclusion_delay=state.slot - attestation.data.slot,
|
|
crosslink_success=is_winning_transition and attestation.data.slot == state.slot,
|
|
proposer_index=proposer_index
|
|
)
|
|
if attestation.data.target.epoch == get_current_epoch(state):
|
|
assert attestation.data.source == state.current_justified_checkpoint
|
|
state.current_epoch_attestations.append(pending_attestation)
|
|
else:
|
|
assert attestation.data.source == state.previous_justified_checkpoint
|
|
state.previous_epoch_attestations.append(pending_attestation)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Shard transition false positives
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def verify_shard_transition_false_positives(state: BeaconState, block_body: BeaconBlockBody) -> None:
|
|
# Verify that a `shard_transition` in a block is empty if an attestation was not processed for it
|
|
for shard in range(ACTIVE_SHARDS):
|
|
if state.shard_states[shard].slot != state.slot - 1:
|
|
assert block_body.shard_transition[shard] == ShardTransition()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Light client processing
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def process_light_client_signatures(state: BeaconState, block_body: BeaconBlockBody) -> None:
|
|
committee = get_light_client_committee(state, get_current_epoch(state))
|
|
assert len(block_body.light_client_signature_bitfield) == len(committee)
|
|
total_reward = Gwei(0)
|
|
signer_keys = []
|
|
for i, bit in enumerate(block_body.light_client_signature_bitfield):
|
|
if bit:
|
|
signer_keys.append(state.validators[committee[i]].pubkey)
|
|
increase_balance(state, committee[i], get_base_reward(state, committee[i]))
|
|
total_reward += get_base_reward(state, committee[i])
|
|
|
|
increase_balance(state, get_beacon_proposer_index(state), total_reward // PROPOSER_REWARD_COEFFICIENT)
|
|
|
|
assert bls_verify(
|
|
pubkey=bls_aggregate_pubkeys(signer_keys),
|
|
message_hash=get_block_root_at_slot(state, state.slot - 1),
|
|
signature=block_body.light_client_signature,
|
|
domain=DOMAIN_LIGHT_CLIENT,
|
|
)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Epoch transition
|
|
|
|
This epoch transition overrides the phase0 epoch transition:
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def process_epoch(state: BeaconState) -> None:
|
|
process_justification_and_finalization(state)
|
|
process_rewards_and_penalties(state)
|
|
process_registry_updates(state)
|
|
process_reveal_deadlines(state)
|
|
process_slashings(state)
|
|
process_final_updates(state)
|
|
process_custody_final_updates(state)
|
|
process_online_tracking(state)
|
|
process_light_client_committee_updates(state)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Custody game updates
|
|
|
|
`process_reveal_deadlines` and `process_custody_final_updates` are defined in [the Custody Game spec](./1_custody-game.md),
|
|
|
|
#### Online-tracking
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def process_online_tracking(state: BeaconState) -> None:
|
|
# Slowly remove validators from the "online" set if they do not show up
|
|
for index in range(len(state.validators)):
|
|
if state.online_countdown[index] != 0:
|
|
state.online_countdown[index] = state.online_countdown[index] - 1
|
|
|
|
# Process pending attestations
|
|
for pending_attestation in state.current_epoch_attestations + state.previous_epoch_attestations:
|
|
for index in get_attesting_indices(state, pending_attestation.data, pending_attestation.aggregation_bits):
|
|
state.online_countdown[index] = ONLINE_PERIOD
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Light client committee updates
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
def process_light_client_committee_updates(state: BeaconState) -> None:
|
|
# Update light client committees
|
|
if get_current_epoch(state) % LIGHT_CLIENT_COMMITTEE_PERIOD == 0:
|
|
state.current_light_committee = state.next_light_committee
|
|
new_committee = get_light_client_committee(state, get_current_epoch(state) + LIGHT_CLIENT_COMMITTEE_PERIOD)
|
|
state.next_light_committee = committee_to_compact_committee(state, new_committee)
|
|
```
|
|
|